Daniel 3:8 — Word Study
WLCכָּל־ קֳבֵ֤ל דְּנָה֙ בֵּהּ־ זִמְנָ֔א קְרִ֖בוּ גֻּבְרִ֣ין כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין וַאֲכַ֥לוּ קַרְצֵיה֖וֹן דִּ֥י יְהוּדָיֵֽא׃
BSAAt this timedên [therefore, at that same time] some astrologersKasday [men who studied the stars, Chaldeans] came forwardqᵉrêb [drew near, approached] and maliciouslyʼăkal■ [grievously, with ill intent] accusedqᵉrats [brought accusation, made charges against] the JewsYᵉhûwdâʼîy [people from the tribe of Judah, Israelites]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כָּל־ | as to | Preposition, preposition |
| קֳבֵ֤ל | because | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| דְּנָה֙ | this | Particle |
| בֵּהּ־ | at it | Preposition, suffix |
| זִמְנָ֔א | time the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| קְרִ֖בוּ | they approached | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine plural |
| גֻּבְרִ֣ין | men | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין | Chaldean | Noun gentilic, masculine plural absolute |
| וַאֲכַ֥לוּ | and they ate | Conjunction, verb qal perfect third person masculine plural |
| קַרְצֵיה֖וֹן | pieces their | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| דִּ֥י | of | Conjunction |
| יְהוּדָיֵֽא׃ | Jews the | Noun gentilic masculine plural determined, particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | At this time some astrologers came forward and maliciously accused the Jews, |
| KJV | ¶ Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews. |
| ASV | Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and brought accusation against the Jews. |
| YLT | Therefore at that time drawn near have certain Chaldeans, and accused the Jews; |
| WEB | Therefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near and brought accusation against the Jews. |
| BBE | At that time certain Chaldaeans came near and made a statement against the Jews. |
Where they part company is כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by a participial phrase that describes the action taken by the Chaldeans.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbקְרֵב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 3:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Accusation Against the Jewsgenerated
Daniel 3:8 describes a moment when certain astrologers, known as Chaldeans, approached King Nebuchadnezzar to accuse the Jews of wrongdoing. This event occurs in the broader context of the king's decree requiring worship of a golden statue, which the Jews refused to do. The tension builds as the astrologers seek to undermine the Jews' position in Babylon, reflecting the political and social dynamics of the time.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 6:12–13 | So they approached the king and asked about his royal decree: “Did you not sign a decree that for thirty days any man who petitions any god or man except you, O king, will be thrown into the den of lions?” The king replied, “According to the law of the Medes and Persians the order stands, and it cannot be repealed.” |
| 2 | Ezra 4:12–16 | Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came from you to us have returned to Jerusalem. And they are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city, restoring its walls, and repairing its foundations. |
| 3 | Esther 3:6–8 | And when he learned the identity of Mordecai’s people, he scorned the notion of laying hands on Mordecai alone. Instead, he sought to destroy all of Mordecai’s people, the Jews, throughout the kingdom of Xerxes. |
| 4 | Acts 16:20–22 | They brought them to the magistrates and said, “These men are Jews and are throwing our city into turmoil |
| 5 | Acts 17:6–8 | But when they could not find them, they dragged Jason and some other brothers before the city officials, shouting, “These men who have turned the world upside down have now come here, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין, kas.da.'Ingenerated
The term כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין (kasda'in) refers to Chaldeans, individuals from the region of Chaldea, who were known for their expertise in astrology and wisdom. This word emphasizes their identity and role in the narrative, as they are positioned as adversaries to the Jews.
Chaldeans were often associated with magical practices and interpretations of celestial events, which adds a layer of intrigue to their accusations against the Jews. Their motivations are rooted in jealousy and a desire to maintain their status in the Babylonian court.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has astrologers, and so do the KJV and the ASV: all three keep the identity of the accusers clear.
Where others part company with the BSB they part company over specific renderings. Chaldeans (KJV, ASV, WEB) emphasizes their ethnic identity, while Chaldean (ILT) is a singular form that may imply a more general reference.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb קְרִ֖בוּ (they approached) governs the main action of the verse, with the subject גֻּבְרִ֣ין (men) clearly identified as the Chaldeans. The structure highlights their role as the initiators of the accusation.
The sentence follows a typical Aramaic structure, with the subject preceding the verb, which places emphasis on the Chaldeans' actions and their motivations in this narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word used for Chaldeans is ξαλδαῖοι (chaldaioi), which maintains the ethnic identity while also aligning with the Greek understanding of the Chaldeans as wise men or astrologers. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey both the cultural and mystical aspects associated with the Chaldeans.
The Greek term emphasizes their role as practitioners of astrology and wisdom, consistent with the Hebrew context, while also making it accessible to a Greek-speaking audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 3:8 tells us that some Chaldeans came forward and accused the Jews at a significant moment. They were envious of the Jews' position and sought to undermine them in front of King Nebuchadnezzar, highlighting the tensions between different groups in Babylon.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
They were envious of the Jews' status and influence in Babylon, especially after the Jews refused to worship the golden statue.
It refers to individuals from Chaldea, skilled in astrology and often seen as wise men in the Babylonian context.
It illustrates the conflict between the faithful Jews and the surrounding pagan culture, emphasizing the challenges they faced.
Their jealousy and malicious intent serve as a warning against envy and the desire to undermine others for personal gain.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What motivates people to accuse others, and how can we guard against such behavior in our own lives?
- How can we stand firm in our beliefs when facing opposition, as the Jews did?
- What lessons can we learn from the interactions between the Jews and the Chaldeans in this passage?
- How does this event connect to the larger narrative of Daniel and the challenges of living in a foreign culture?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, noting the envy of the Chaldeans towards the Jews for their position in Babylon.
Verse 8. "And straightway at that time there came certain Chaldeans and accused the Jews..." They were envious of these Jews because they had been in charge of the king's business in Babylon,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 3 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 3:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near,.... That is, to King Nebuchadnezzar, either in his palace at Babylon, or more likely in the plain of Dura: and accused the Jews; particularly
Read John Gill on Daniel 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews. Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews - literally, ate the torn limbs or flesh of the Jews (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 3:8 Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.Ver. 8. Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.] All the Jews are accused, because some refused to worship. So still all the generation of the righteous must be charged with the pretended miscarriages of some few among them. The world, we see, is no changeling; antiquum obtinet. The Jews indeed, ever since the captivity, have abhorred idolatry; and the Papist worshipping of images, for which both Jews and Turks call them idolatrous Christians, is a main scandal to them, and a let to their conversion. Spec. Europ.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) Wherefore.—i.e., because certain Jews were noticed to be absent at the time. It is natural to suppose that the promotion of three men of Jewish extraction would have been viewed with the greatest jealousy by the Babylonian officers, who, no doubt, had been carefully watching their opportunity of revenge. (Comp. Daniel 5:11.) Chaldeans.—Not to be confused with the astrologers mentioned in Daniel 2:5, but Chaldean native subjects, contrasted with the Jewish colonists spoken of at the end of the verse.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 3 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Accused the Jews.] That is, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. The other Jews were left unnoticed; and probably at this time Daniel was too high to be touched; but we may rest assured that he was not found among these idolaters, see Daniel 3:12.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–18. The accusation brought against the three Jewish youths, and their answer to the king.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews - It does not appear that they accused the Jews in general, but particularly Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, Daniel 3:12.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 3 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible8. The statement that the Chaldeans (see Daniel 3:2; Daniel 3:5) accused the Jews (literally, ate their pieces) receives illustration in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, where it is said, “If thou art a
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
At this time some astrologers came forward and maliciously accused the Jews,
Therefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near and brought accusation against the Jews.
At this time some astrologers came forward and maliciously accused the Jews,
Now at that time certain Chaldeans came forward and brought malicious accusations against the Jews.
Tyndale line
¶ Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.
Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and brought accusation against the Jews.
Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and brought accusation against the Jews.
Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.
By reason whereof at that same time came men of the Caldeans, and grieuously accused the Iewes.
Strictly literal
Whereupon at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.
Therefore at that time drawn near have certain Chaldeans, and accused the Jews;
Therefore at that time certain Chaldeans have drawn near, and accused the Jews;
Therefore at the same time certain Chaldean men came near, and accused the Jews treacherously.
Now at this time certain Chaldeans came and brought accusations against the Jews.
From the Latin
And presently at that very time some Chaldeans came and accused the Jews,
Simplified
Right then some of the astrologers came forward and made accusations against the Jews.
At that time certain Chaldaeans came near and made a statement against the Jews.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns with the Septuagint in parts, but the Septuagint presents a different word order and structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain fragments that match the Masoretic Text closely, indicating consistency in the core elements of the verse.
כָּל־ קֳבֵ֤ל דְּנָה֙ בֵּהּ־ זִמְנָ֔א קְרִ֖בוּ גֻּבְרִ֣ין כַּשְׂדָּאִ֑ין וַאֲכַ֥לוּ קַרְצֵיה֖וֹן דִּ֥י יְהוּדָיֵֽא׃
5 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
קרצי׳הון די יהודי א
4 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 3:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
/ל (l) — to/for.
Prefix lamed: to
AR/R — Preposition · prepositionAR/R
az: Conj. and adverb (usually Greek hos hosper, kathos), designating:
(1) Likeness: (a) between nouns (Ge 3:5; Jud 6:5; Php 2:8; Heb 11:27,29); (b) between verbs (Lu 6:36; Joh 5:30; 1Co 10:7); (c) between adjectives (1Co 15:48).
(2) Limitation (with respect to a particular aspect or relation) (1Pe 4:15,16).
קֳבֵל, transliterated as qbel, is an Aramaic word meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' It functions as a noun, preposition, conjunction, and adverb, conveying ideas of location and causation, such as 'because of' or 'therefore.' The entries indicate that it is derived from a related term, קָבַל (H6905), and cover a range of uses in context.
קֳבֵל 29 subst. front, as prep. in front of, before, because of; as conj. because that
base
H6903 קֳבֵל, קְבֵל
6903 qbel keb-ale'
(Aramaic) or qobel (Aramaic) {kob-ale'}; (corresponding to
6905; (adverbially) in front of; usually (with other
particles) on account of, so as, since, hence:--+ according
to, + as, + because, before, + for this cause, + forasmuch as,
+ by this means, over against, by reason of, + that, +
therefore, + though, + wherefore.
see HEBREW for 06905
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before: because.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
ANcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
be-kos' (hina, "in order that"): "The multitude rebuked them, because (AV; the Revised Version (British and American) "that") they should hold their peace" (Mt 20:31).
דְּנָה (denah) is an Aramaic word meaning 'this' and is used as a demonstrative pronoun. It can also imply 'therefore' or 'on account of this.' The entries indicate that it is an orthographical variation of another word, דָּן (dan), but do not provide specific Old Testament references.
דְּנָה 57 demonstr.pr.comm. this
base
H1836 דְּנָה, דֵּן
1836 den dane
(Aramaic) an orthographical variation of 1791; this:--
(afore-)time, + after this manner, here (-after),
one...another, such, there(-fore), these, this (matter), +
thus, where(-fore), which.
see HEBREW for 01791
דְּנָה (de.nah) — this.
demons pron
1) this, on account of this
adv
2) therefore
Adj — ParticleATm
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
AR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3ms
זְמַן (zeman) refers to 'time' or a 'set time' and is derived from the related word זְמַן (zeman) in Hebrew. The entries indicate that it covers the concept of seasons and specific times, with its usage found in Aramaic contexts.
H2166 זְמַן, זְמָן
2166 zman zem-awn'
(Aramaic) from 2165; the same as 2165:--season, time.
see HEBREW for 02165
see HEBREW for 02165
זְמַן (ze.man) — time.
a set time, time, season
Aramaic of ze.man (זְמָ֑ן "time" H2165)
ANcbsd/Ta — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
tim: The basis of the Hebrew measurement of time was the day and the lunar month, as with the Semites generally. The division of the day into hours was late, probably not common until after the exile, although the sun-dial of Ahaz (2Ki 20:9; Isa 38:8) would scent to indicate some division of the day into periods of some sort, as we know the night was divided, The word used for "hour" is Aramaic she`a' (sha`ta'), and does not occur in the Old Testament until the Book of Daniel (4:33; 5:5), and even there it stands for an indefinite period for which "time" would answer as well.
1. The Day:
The term "day" (yom) was in use from the earliest times, as is indicated in the story of the Creation (Ge 1). It there doubtless denotes an indefinite period, but is marked off by "evening and…
Besides the ordinary uses of this word, the Bible sometimes employs it to denote a year, as in Da 4:16; or a prophetic year, consisting of three hundred and sixty natural year, a day being taken for a year. Thus in Da 7:25 12:7, the phrase "a time, times, and the dividing of a time" is supposed to mean three and a half prophetic years, or 1,260 natural years. This period is elsewhere paralleled by the expression, "forty-two months," each month including thirty years, Re 11:2-3 12:6,14 13:5.
קְרֵב (qreb) means to approach or come near. It can refer to the act of drawing near, offering a sacrifice, or being summoned. The term appears in various forms, including P'al and Pael, indicating different nuances of approaching.
קְרֵב vb. approach
Pe. when he approached
Pa. offer sacrifice
Haph.
= Pa.
bring near
base
H7127 קְרֵב
7127 qreb ker-abe'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7126:--approach, come (near,
nigh), draw near.
see HEBREW for 07126
קְרֵב (qe.rev) — to approach.
1) to approach, come near
1a) (P'al) to approach
1b) (Pael) to offer, draw near
1c) (Aphel) to be summoned
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine pluralAVqp3mp
גְּבַר (gbar) means 'man' or 'a certain one' in Aramaic. It is related to the Hebrew word גֶּ֫בֶר (gever), which translates to 'great man.' The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a noun referring to a man.
גְּבַר 21 n.m. man
base
H1400 גְּבַר
1400 gbar gheb-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1399:--certain, man.
see HEBREW for 01399
גְּבַר (ge.var) — man.
a man, a certain (one)
Aramaic of ge.ver (גֶּ֫בֶר "great man" H1397)
ANcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteANcmpa
כַּשְׂדָּ֑י (Kasday) refers to a Chaldean, an inhabitant of Chaldea, which is a region in lower Mesopotamia. The term encompasses both the people and the territory, and it implies a connection to astrology or wisdom, as Chaldeans were often seen as learned individuals. The word is derived from a related term for Chaldea itself.
כַּשְׂדָּ֑י n.pr.gent. Chaldean
base
H3779 כַּשְׂדָּ֑י, כַּשְׂדַּי
3779 Kasday kas-dah'-ee
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3778; a Chaldaean or inhabitant of
Chaldaea; by implication, a Magian or professional
astrologer:--Chaldean.
see HEBREW for 03778
כַּשְׂדַּי (kas.day) — Chaldean.
Group of kas.di (כַּשְׂדִּים "Chaldea" H3778)
§ Chaldean = "clod breakers"
1) a territory in lower Mesopotamia bordering on the Persian Gulf
2) the inhabitants of Chaldea, living on the lower Euphrates and Tigris
3) those persons considered the wisest in the land (by extension)
Adj — Noun gentilic · masculine plural absoluteANgmpa
אֲכַל (akal) means to eat or devour, primarily used in the context of animals consuming food. It can also imply slander in a figurative sense, as in 'eating their pieces.' The word is closely related to the Aramaic term corresponding to it, indicating a shared semantic field.
[אֲכַל] vb. eat, devour
base
H399 אֲכַל eat, devour
399 'akal ak-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 398:--+ accuse, devour, eat.
see HEBREW for 0398
אֲכַל (a.khal) — to devour.
1) to eat, devour
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to eat (of beasts)
1a2) to devour
1a3) eat their pieces (in a phrase, that is, slander them)
Adj | V-Qal-Perf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal perfect third person masculine pluralAC/Vqp3mp
קְרַץ (qrats) refers to the act of accusing or slandering someone, often described as 'chewing them up' figuratively. It can also denote a 'piece' in a more general sense. The term is rooted in Aramaic and corresponds to another Hebrew word, קָרַץ (qarats), which is not elaborated upon in the entries.
[קְרַץ] n.[m.] piece
base
H7170 קְרַץ
7170 qrats ker-ats'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7171 in the sense of a bit (to
"eat the morsels of" any one, i.e. chew him up (figuratively)
by slander):--+ accuse.
see HEBREW for 07171
קְרַץ (qe.rats) — charges.
1) piece
1a) denounce, aslander, accuse maliciously, chew on (idiom)
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3mp
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יְהוּדַי (Yhuwda'iy) refers to a Jew, specifically someone descended from Judah. It is derived from the root word for Judah (H3063) and is noted in Aramaic contexts. The term is mentioned in relation to the first appearance of Jews in 2 Kings 25:25.
[יְהוּדַי] n.gent. Jew
base
H3062 יְהוּדַי, יְהוּדָאִי
3062 Yhuwda'iy yeh-hoo-daw-ee'
(Aramaic) patrial from 3061; a Jehudaite (or Judaite), i.e.
Jew:--Jew.
see HEBREW for 03061
יְהוּדַי (ye.hu.da.i) — Jew.
Someone descended from Judah (H3063) and possibly other tribes, first mentioned at 2Ki.25.25
Aramaic of ye.hu.di (יְהוּדִי "Jew" H3064)
Adj | Art — Noun gentilic masculine plural determined · particleANgmpd/Ta