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Deuteronomy 14:15 — Word Study

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WLCוְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־ הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־ הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־ הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃

BSAthe ostrichyaʻănâh [or possibly another type of bird] the screech owltachmâç [night-hawk, a nocturnal bird of prey] the gullshachaph [seagull, sea-mew] any kindmîyn of hawknêts [according to its kind, including falcons]

Word
Listen & take awayDeuteronomy 14
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 15 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (le.mi.Ne.hu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Deuteronomy 14:15quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse lists birds that are considered unclean for consumption.
What is listedThe verse includes the ostrich, screech owl, gull, and various types of hawks.
Where we areThis is part of dietary laws in the book of Deuteronomy.
The hard wordיַעֲנָה
Take awayThese birds are designated as unclean and thus not to be eaten.
2 commentators on this verse Jamieson, Cambridge & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Deuteronomy 14:15

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Dietary Laws in Deuteronomygenerated

14any kind of raven,
15the ostrich, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,
16the little owl, the great owl, the white owl,
17the desert owl, the osprey, the cormorant,

Deuteronomy 14:15 is part of a larger section outlining clean and unclean animals for the Israelites. This verse specifically lists certain birds that are deemed unclean, emphasizing the importance of dietary laws in maintaining ritual purity. These laws were significant for the Israelite community as they defined their identity and relationship with God, reflecting obedience to divine commandments.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 30:29I have become a brother of jackals, a companion of ostriches.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יַעֲנָה, hai.ya.'a.Nahgenerated

The word יַעֲנָה (ya`anah) refers to the ostrich, which is classified as an unclean bird in the biblical context. This term is used to denote not only the ostrich but potentially other similar birds, indicating a broader category of unclean avian species.

The parsing as a feminine singular noun suggests it is treated as a specific entity within the list of unclean birds. The uncertainty surrounding its exact identification in modern terms highlights the challenges of translating ancient texts into contemporary understanding.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

All translations agree on the designation of these birds as unclean.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main structure of the verse consists of a series of noun phrases, each representing a different bird, linked by the conjunctions. The primary verb is implied in the context of listing unclean animals, which forms a clear and organized enumeration.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on each bird as a distinct entity, contributing to the overall understanding of the dietary laws being conveyed.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יַעֲנָה as a term that may not directly correspond to the Hebrew meaning, indicating a potential narrowing of the original term's scope. The Greek word used reflects the translators' understanding of the bird's characteristics.

This choice of translation may suggest an interpretation that aligns with the Greek audience's familiarity with avian species, though it does not capture the full breadth of the Hebrew term.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Deuteronomy 14:15 lists birds that are considered unclean for the Israelites to eat. This includes the ostrich, screech owl, gull, and any kind of hawk. These dietary laws were important for maintaining ritual purity and obedience to God's commandments.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for a bird to be considered unclean?

In biblical terms, an unclean bird is one that is not permissible for consumption according to the dietary laws outlined in the Torah.

Why are these specific birds mentioned?

These birds are mentioned as part of the laws given to the Israelites to distinguish between clean and unclean animals, which was essential for their cultural and religious identity.

How do these dietary laws apply today?

While these laws were specific to the Israelites, they are often studied for their historical and theological significance in understanding biblical principles of holiness.

Are there any modern equivalents to these birds?

Some of the birds listed may have modern equivalents, but the exact identification can be challenging due to changes in language and species over time.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What do these dietary laws reveal about the values and beliefs of the Israelite community?
  2. How can understanding these classifications help us appreciate the cultural context of the Bible?
  3. In what ways do modern dietary practices reflect or differ from these ancient laws?
  4. How can we apply the principle of holiness in our own lives today?

Commentators on this verse — 2 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 14:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, The owl , [ bat (H1323) haya`ªnaah (H3284)] - daughter of the female ostrich; i:e., the female ostrich herself (Gesenius).

Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 14 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

15. ostrich] bath hay-ya‘aneh either daughter of greed or of the plain; Arabs call it father of the plains; they eat the breast (Doughty, i. 132 f.). LXX, στρουθός. night hawk] taḥ ?mas (violence; Ar. zalξm also means both violence and ostrich). Some take it as the male ostrich. Tristram (90): the barn-owl, strix flammea. LXX, γλᾶυξ. seamew] shahaph, LXX, λάρος, cormorant; gull (Post, Hastings’ D.B.); sterna fluviatilis, tern (Tr. 135). hawk] neṣ ?, LXX, ἱέραξ. Tristram (106): generic for all small hawks, such as sparrow-hawk (accipiter nisus, 106), kestrel, etc.

Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 14 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

the ostrich, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, the hawk of any kind,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

the ostrich, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,

NETBNew English Translation2006

the ostrich, the owl, the seagull, the falcon after its species,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kind,

RVARevised Version, American1894

and the ostrich, and the night hawk, and the seamew, and the hawk after its kind;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the owl, and the night-hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Nor the ostrich, nor the nightcrow, nor the semeaw, nor the hawke after her kinde,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and the female ostrich, and the male ostrich, and the sea-gull, and the hawk after its kind;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and the owl, and the night-hawk, and the cuckoo, and the hawk after its kind;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and the ostrich, and the nightjar [[or male ostrich]], and the seagull, and the hawk after its kind;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the cuckoo, and the hawk after his kind,

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

and the ostrich, and the night hawk, the sea gull, any kind of hawk,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And the ostrich, and the owl, and the larus, and the hawk according to its kind:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

tawny owl, long-eared owl, gulls, any kind of hawk,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the ostrich and the night-hawk and the sea-hawk and birds of that sort;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · predicatenoun phraseאֵת֙(et)noun phraseבַּ֣תthe.daughternoun phraseהַֽofיַּעֲנָ֔הthe.ostrichוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַthe.screechתַּחְמָ֖סowlוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַtheשָּׁ֑חַףgullוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַthenoun phraseנֵּ֖ץfalconprepositional phraseלְtonoun phraseמִינֵֽkindהוּits

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text lists the same birds, while the Samaritan Pentateuch differs by using תחמוס for 'screech owl' and מינו for 'kind'. The Septuagint matches only three of the ten words, indicating some variation in the ancient texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־ הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־ הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־ הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְאֵת֙καὶהַתַּחְמָ֖סγλαῦκαהַשָּׁ֑חַףλάρον

3 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ואת בת היענה ואת התחמוס ואת השׁחף למינו ואת הנץ

2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: תחמוס (owl), מינו (kind)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Deuteronomy 14:15אֵתand the objand the object אֵתבַּת[the] daugh[the] daughter בַּתיַעֲנָהthe ostrichthe ostrichיַעֲנָהאֵתand the objand the object אֵתתַּחְמָסthe screechthe screech owlתַּחְמָסאֵתand the objand the object אֵתשַׁ֫חַףthe gullthe gullשַׁ֫חַףאֵתand the objand the object אֵתנֵץthe falconthe falconנֵץמִיןto kind itsto kind itsמִיןאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהחָמַסto injureto injureחָמַסנָצַץto shineto shineנָצַץיָעֵןostrichostrichיָעֵןמִן־fromfromמִן־מִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁצִיּוֹןZionZionצִיּוֹןאֵםmothermotherאֵםתַּחְמָסostrichostrichתַּחְמָסתַּןjackaljackalתַּןשַׁ֫חַףgullgullשַׁ֫חַףמִיןkindkindמִיןרֶ֫מֶשׂcreepingcreepingרֶ֫מֶשׂ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 14:15

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
וְאֵת֙ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
בַּ֣תbat [the] daughter of H1323 Noun common · feminine singular construct
588× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for daughter is used to describe a female child or a woman, and can also be used figuratively. In the Bible, it is used to describe women like Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah and later of King David.
Tyndale gloss
Bath (Shua)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּת 587 n.f. daughter

daughter, female child

young women, women

with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

pl. = villages, after name of city

in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

ostrich

fig.

of vine = branch

as n. relat.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child

. young women, women

. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants

. pl. = villages, after name of city

. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.

. ostrich

. fig.

. of vine = branch

. as n. relat.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1323 bath bath

from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same

wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and

figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,

X first, X old, + owl, town, village.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּת (bat) — daughter.

: daughter

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)

בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.

: village

1) daughter

1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin

1a1) as polite address

1a2) as designation of women of a particular place

2) young women, women

1a3) as personification

1a4) daughter-villages

1a5) description of character

בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;

daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);

mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔הhai.ya.'a.Nah the ostrich H3284 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the ostrich or possibly another type of bird, and is considered unclean in the Bible. It is mentioned in Leviticus as an animal not to be eaten, and is also associated with the owl. The exact meaning is not certain.
Amplified meaning
or possibly another type of bird
Tyndale gloss
ostrich
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַעֲנָה (ya`anah) refers to an ostrich, and is noted as an unclean bird. It may also imply an owl, with some sources suggesting it could represent an extinct bird, though its exact meaning is uncertain. The word is derived from יַעֲנָה’s root, יַעֲנָה (ya`anah), which carries similar meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַעֲנָה n.f. greed (?);—ostrich

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3284 יַעֲנָה greed (?);—ostrich

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3284 ya`anah yah-an-aw'

feminine of 3283, and meaning the same:--+ owl.

see HEBREW for 03283

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַעֲנָה (ya.a.nah) — ostrich.

1) an unclean bird

1a) owl, ostrich, literally translated as "daughters of the owl"

1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

os'-trich (ya`anah; strouthos; Latin Struthio camelus): The largest bird now living. The Hebrew words ya`anah, which means "greediness," and bath ha-ya`anah, "daughter of greediness," are made to refer to the indiscriminate diet of the ostrich, to which bird they apply; and again to the owl, with no applicability. The owl at times has a struggle to swallow whole prey it has taken, but the mere fact that it is a night hunter forever shuts it from the class of greedy and promiscuous feeders. The bodies of owls are proverbially lean like eagles. Neither did the owl frequent several places where older versions of Jer and Isa place it; so the translations are now correctly rendered "ostrich." These birds came into the Bible because of their desert life, the companions they lived among there, and because of their night cries that were guttural, terrifying groans, like the roaring of lions.…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ostrich

(Lam. 4:3), the rendering of Hebrew pl. enim; so called from its greediness and gluttony. The allusion here is to the habit of the ostrich with reference to its eggs, which is thus described: “The outer layer of eggs is generally so ill covered that they are destroyed in quantities by jackals, wild-cats, etc., and that the natives carry them away, only taking care not to leave the marks of their footsteps, since, when the ostrich comes and finds that her nest is discovered, she crushes the whole brood, and builds a nest elsewhere.” In Job 39:13 this word in the Authorized Version is the rendering of a Hebrew word (notsah) which means “feathers,” as in the Revised Version. In the same verse the word “peacocks” of the Authorized Version is the rendering of the Hebrew pl.…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

a large bird, native of African and Arabia, nearly ten feet high, having s long neck and short wings. It seeks retired places, (Job 30:29; Lamentations 4:13) and has a peculiar mournful cry that is sometimes mistaken by the Arabs for that of the lion. (Micah 1:8) In (Job 39:13-18) will be found a description of the bird’s habits. Ostriches are polygamous; the hens lay their eggs promiscuously in one nest, which is merely a hole scratched in the sand; the eggs are then covered over to the depth of about a foot, and are, in the case of those birds which are found within the tropics, generally left for the greater part of the day to the heat of the sun, the parent-birds taking…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The largest of birds, and a sort of connecting link between fowls and quadrupeds, termed by the Persians, Arabs, and by Greeks, the "camel-bird." It is a native of the dry and torrid regions of Africa and western Asia. The gray ostrich is seven feet high and its neck three feet long; it weighs nearly eighty pounds, and is strong enough to carry two men. The other species, with glossy black wings and white tail, is sometimes ten feet high. The beautiful plumes so highly valued are found on the wings, about twenty on each, those of the tail being usually broken and worn. There are no feathers on the thighs, or under the wings; and the neck is but scantily clothed with thin whitish hairs. The weight of the body and the size and structure of the wings show that the animal is formed for running rather than flying.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
הַתַּחְמָ֖סha.tach.Mas the screech owl H8464 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The ostrich is a type of bird that is considered unclean in the Bible, mentioned in Leviticus as an example of a bird that should not be eaten.
Amplified meaning
night-hawk, a nocturnal bird of prey
Tyndale gloss
ostrich
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּחְמָס (tachmas) refers to a name for the male ostrich, classified as a ceremonially unclean bird. The entries suggest it may also refer to a species of owl or possibly an extinct bird, though the exact meaning remains uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תַּחְמָס n.[m.] name of male ostrich

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8464 תַּחְמָס name of male ostrich

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8464 tachmac takh-mawce'

from 2554; a species of unclean bird (from its violence),

perhaps an owl:--night hawk.

see HEBREW for 02554

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּחְמָס (tach.mas) — ostrich.

1) a ceremonially unclean bird

1a) a name of the male ostrich

1b) (CLBL) probably the great owl

1c) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

skrech.

See NIGHT-MONSTER.

and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
הַשָּׁ֑חַףha.Sha.chaf the gull H7828 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for a type of bird, possibly a seagull or cuckoo, considered unclean in biblical times. It appears in Leviticus 11:16 and Deuteronomy 14:15. The exact meaning is unknown.
Amplified meaning
seagull, sea-mew
Tyndale gloss
gull
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁ֫חַף (shachaph) likely refers to a gull or sea-mew, described as a thin or emaciated bird. It is noted as ceremonially unclean and may also refer to a cuckoo. The exact meaning is uncertain, with some suggesting it could be an extinct bird.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שַׁ֫חַף] n.[m.] prob. sea-mew, gull

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7828 [שַׁ֫חַף] prob. sea-mew, gull

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7828 shachaph shakh'-af

from an unused root meaning to peel, i.e. emaciate; the gull

(as thin):--cuckoo.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁ֫חַף (sha.chaph) — gull.

1) a ceremonially unclean bird

1a) cuckow, gull, seagull, sea-mew

1b) maybe an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
הַנֵּ֖ץha.Netz the falcon H5322 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for hawk or falcon, also possibly referring to a flower due to its brightness. It describes a bird of prey, but the exact meaning is unknown. The word is used in the Bible to describe a swift and agile creature.
Amplified meaning
according to its kind, including falcons
Tyndale gloss
flower
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֵץ (nets) refers to both a flower and a bird of prey, specifically a hawk or falcon. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to blossom' or 'to flash,' indicating brilliance or speed. It appears in contexts related to both flora and fauna, but its exact meaning as a bird may be uncertain, with some suggesting it could refer to an extinct species.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נֵץ] n.m. only sf. נִצָּהּ Gn 40:10, v. foll. [n.ew.ad]

done

נֵץ n.m. a bird of prey, generic name, incl. hawk and falcon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5322a נֵץ v. foll. [5328] H5322b נֵץ a bird of prey, generic name, incl. hawk and falcon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5322 nets nayts

from 5340; a flower (from its brilliancy); also a hawk (from

it flashing speed); --blossom, hawk.

see HEBREW for 05340

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֵץ (nets) — flower.

blossom

נֵץ (nets) — hawk.

1) a unclean bird of prey

1a) hawk, falcon

1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

fo'-k'-n, fol'-k'-n, fal'-kun: The Hebrews did not know the word. Their bird corresponding to our falcon, in all probability, was one of the smaller kestrels covered by the word nets, which seemed to cover all lesser birds of prey that we include in the hawk family. That some of our many divisions of species were known to them is indicated by the phrase "after its kind." The word occurs in the Revised Version (British and American) in Job 28:7, to translation 'ayyah, Greek gups (compare Le 11:14; De 14:13):

"That path no bird of prey knoweth,

Neither hath the falcon's eye seen it."

This substitutes "falcon" for "vulture" in the King James Version. The change weakens the force of the lines. All ornithologists know that eagles…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ A carnivorous bird (R. V.) Le 11:14; De 14:13

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker [the] daughter of the ostrich and the object marker the screech owl and the object marker the gull and the object marker the falcon to kind its
לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃le.mi.Ne.hu to kind its H4327 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word min means kind or species, often referring to animals. It is used to describe different types of creatures in the Bible. Min is sometimes translated as kind in the KJV.
Tyndale gloss
kind
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִין (miyn) means 'kind' or 'species,' primarily referring to types or categories, often in relation to animals. It is derived from a root meaning to portion out. The term is consistently used across lexicons without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מִין] n.[m.] kind, species

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4327 מִין kind, species

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4327 miyn meen

from an unused root meaning to portion out; a sort, i.e.

species:--kind. Compare 4480.

see HEBREW for 04480

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִין (min) — kind.

kind, sometimes a species (usually of animals)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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