Deuteronomy 16:9 — Word Study
WLCשִׁבְעָ֥ה שָׁבֻעֹ֖ת תִּסְפָּר־ לָ֑ךְ מֵהָחֵ֤ל חֶרְמֵשׁ֙ בַּקָּמָ֔ה תָּחֵ֣ל לִסְפֹּ֔ר שִׁבְעָ֖ה שָׁבֻעֽוֹת׃
BSAYou are to count offçâphar▸ [number and reckon] sevenshebaʻ weeksshâbûwaʻ [a period of seven days or years] [from]çâphar [the time]shâbûwaʻ [when you first begin] you first put the sicklechermêsh [start using, a farming tool for cutting, chermesh] to the standing grainqâmâh [mature and abundant crops, ready for harvest]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שִׁבְעָ֥ה | seven | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| שָׁבֻעֹ֖ת | weeks | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| תִּסְפָּר־ | you will count | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| לָ֑ךְ | for yourself | Preposition, suffix |
| מֵהָחֵ֤ל | from when begins | Preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
| חֶרְמֵשׁ֙ | a sickle | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּקָּמָ֔ה | in the standing grain | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| תָּחֵ֣ל | you will begin | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| לִסְפֹּ֔ר | to count | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| שִׁבְעָ֖ה | seven | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| שָׁבֻעֽוֹת׃ | weeks | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | You are to count off seven weeks from the time you first put the sickle to the standing grain. |
| KJV | ¶ Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn. |
| ASV | Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: from the time thou beginnest to put the sickle to the standing grain shalt thou begin to number seven weeks. |
| YLT | 'Seven weeks thou dost number to thee; from the beginning of the sickle among the standing corn thou dost begin to number seven weeks, |
| WEB | You shall count for yourselves seven weeks. From the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain you shall begin to count seven weeks. |
| BBE | Let seven weeks be numbered from the first day when the grain is cut. |
The translations agree on the core meaning of counting weeks, but differ in the phrasing of the verb.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with a timing phrase that provides context for the counting.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
subjectחֶרְמֵשׁ
verbסָפַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Deuteronomy 16:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for the Feast of Weeksgenerated
Deuteronomy 16:9 provides instructions for counting seven weeks, which is part of the observance of the Feast of Weeks. This festival celebrates the harvest and is a time for rejoicing and offering thanks to God for His blessings. The context emphasizes the importance of timing in agricultural practices and religious observances, linking the act of counting to the cycle of planting and harvesting.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 16:10–16 | And you shall celebrate the Feast of Weeks to the LORD your God with a freewill offering that you give in proportion to how the LORD your God has blessed you, |
| 2 | Exodus 23:16 | You are also to keep the Feast of Harvest with the firstfruits of the produce from what you sow in the field. And keep the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather your produce from the field. |
| 3 | Exodus 34:22 | And you are to celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year. |
| 4 | Leviticus 23:15–16 | From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, you are to count off seven full weeks. |
| 5 | Numbers 28:26–30 | On the day of firstfruits, when you present an offering of new grain to the LORD during the Feast of Weeks, you are to hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular work. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁבְעָ֥ה, shiv.'Ahgenerated
The Hebrew word שִׁבְעָ֥ה (shiv.'Ah) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It signifies completeness or perfection and is used in various contexts to denote the number seven, including the concept of a week.
As a noun, it appears in both singular and plural forms, indicating its flexibility in usage. The term is also associated with the idea of seven times, which is significant in biblical narratives and rituals.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses count off for the verb תִּסְפָּר־.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb תִּסְפָּר־ (tis.por-), meaning 'you will count', governs the sentence. It is followed by a noun phrase indicating what is being counted (seven weeks) and several prepositional phrases that provide context for the timing of this counting.
The structure emphasizes the action of counting, with the timing of the harvest as a critical element. The sentence flows logically from the action to the object and then to the conditions under which the action takes place.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word שִׁבְעָ֥ה is rendered as ἑπτὰ (hepta), which also means 'seven'. This choice reflects a direct translation that maintains the significance of the number.
The Greek term ἑβδομάδας is used for 'weeks', indicating a straightforward correspondence to the Hebrew concept of counting weeks in relation to the harvest.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Deuteronomy 16:9 instructs the Israelites to count seven weeks from the time they begin harvesting. This counting is part of the observance of the Feast of Weeks, which celebrates the harvest and God's blessings.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Counting seven weeks is significant as it marks the period leading up to the Feast of Weeks, a celebration of the harvest and God's provision.
Putting the sickle to the grain signifies the beginning of the harvest, an important agricultural milestone.
This counting connects to other festivals, such as Passover, as part of the agricultural calendar and the rhythm of life in ancient Israel.
The sickle is a symbol of the harvest, representing the tools and labor involved in gathering the crops.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I apply the concept of counting time in my own life, especially in relation to important events?
- What significance do harvest festivals hold in my community or culture?
- In what ways can I celebrate and give thanks for the blessings in my life?
- How does understanding the agricultural context of this verse enhance my appreciation of the biblical text?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
John Cassian references this verse to discuss the significance of the festival number in the Old Testament.
There was plainly realized the number of this festival, which we read was figuratively foreshadowed in the Old Testament too,Early Church Fathers on Deuteronomy 16 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 16:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSeven weeks then shalt thou number unto thee,.... And then another feast was to take place, called from hence the feast of weeks, and sometimes Pentecost, from its being the fiftieth day: begin to
Read John Gill on Deuteronomy 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySeven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.
Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 16 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSeven weeks; of which see on ,15. To put the sickle to the corn, i.e. to reap thy corn, thy barley, when the first-fruits were offered, ,11.
Read Matthew Poole on Deuteronomy 16 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersDeuteronomy 16:9-12. THE FEAST OF WEEKS, OR .See also Exodus 23:16; Exodus 34:18-23; Leviticus 23:15-22; Numbers 28:26-31. The feast itself is ordained in Exodus; the time is given in Leviticus; and the sacrifices in Numbers. (9) From such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.—The word for sickle only occurs here and in Deuteronomy 23:25. In Leviticus the weeks are ordered to be reckoned from the offering of the wave sheaf on the sixteenth day of the first month, two days after the Passover. This sheaf was of barley, the first ripe corn. A different view is sometimes taken of the word “Sabbath “in Leviticus 23:11; but the view given here is correct according to the Talmud.…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Deuteronomy 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9–12. The Feast of Weeks To be joyfully celebrated after seven weeks from the beginning of harvest, with free-will offering, by each Israelite, along with his household and the local Levites and other poor at the One Altar (Deuteronomy 16:9-11). Whether Deuteronomy 16:12 is original is doubtful; see below. For corresponding laws in other codes see introd. to Deuteronomy 16:1-17. This is the only feast not associated in the O. T. with a memorable event in Israel’s history. Later Judaism assigned to it the giving of the Law on Sinai.
Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleFeast of Weeks; and Deuteronomy 16:13-17, Feast of Tabernacles.
Read Albert Barnes on Deuteronomy 16 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE FEAST OF WEEKS, OR .No additional legislation is given in reference to this festival besides what is in Leviticus and Numbers, except that its public celebration was to be at the central
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Deuteronomy 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
You are to count off seven weeks from the time you first put the sickle to the standing grain.
You shall count for yourselves seven weeks. From the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain you shall begin to count seven weeks.
You are to count off seven weeks from the time you first put the sickle to the standing grain.
You must count seven weeks; you must begin to count them from the time you begin to harvest the standing grain.
Tyndale line
¶ Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.
Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: from the time thou beginnest to put the sickle to the standing grain shalt thou begin to number seven weeks.
Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: from the time thou beginnest to put the sickle to the standing corn shalt thou begin to number seven weeks.
Seven weeks shalt thou number to thee: begin to number the seven weeks from the time when thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.
Seuen weekes shalt thou nomber vnto thee, and shalt beginne to nomber ye seuen weekes, when thou beginnest to put the sickel to ye corne:
Strictly literal
Seven weeks shalt thou count: from the beginning of putting the sickle into the corn shalt thou begin to count seven weeks.
'Seven weeks thou dost number to thee; from the beginning of the sickle among the standing corn thou dost begin to number seven weeks,
You number seven weeks for yourself; you begin to number seven weeks from the beginning of the sickle among the standing grain,
Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thyself: from the time thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn, shalt thou begin to number seven weeks.
You will count seven weeks for yourselves; from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain you must start counting seven weeks.
From the Latin
Thou shalt number unto thee seven weeks from that day, wherein thou didst put the sickle to the corn.
Simplified
Count off seven weeks from when you start the grain harvest.
Let seven weeks be numbered from the first day when the grain is cut.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with 11 of the 11 words matched. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, using החלך (defile) instead of the expected term, while the Dead Sea Scrolls show some damage, with several words supplied by an editor.
שִׁבְעָ֥ה שָׁבֻעֹ֖ת תִּסְפָּר־ לָ֑ךְ מֵהָחֵ֤ל חֶרְמֵשׁ֙ בַּקָּמָ֔ה תָּחֵ֣ל לִסְפֹּ֔ר שִׁבְעָ֖ה שָׁבֻעֽוֹת׃
11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שׁבעה שׁבעות תספר לך מהחלך חרמשׁ בקמה תחל לספר שׁבעה שׁבעות
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: החלך (defile)
שבעה שבעות תספר [ל׳ך] [מהחל] [חרמש] [בקמה] [תחל] [לספר] שבעה שבעות
5 words on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 16:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שֶׁ֫בַע (sheba`) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It can also imply 'seven times' or refer to a week. The term appears in various contexts, including combinations like 17 or 700. Its Aramaic equivalent is שִׁבְעָה (shiv.ah), also meaning 'seven'.
שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה 394 n.m. et f. seven
base
H7651 שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה seven
7651 sheba` sheh'-bah
or (masculine) shibrah {shib-aw'}; from 7650; a primitive
cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also
(adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by
extension, an indefinite number:--(+ by) seven(-fold),-s,
(-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare 7658.
see HEBREW for 07650
see HEBREW for 07658
שֶׁ֫בַע (she.va) — seven.
1) seven (cardinal number)
1a) as ordinal number
1b) in combination-17, 700 etc
Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
sev'-'-n (shebha`; hepta).
See NUMBER.
Seven
This number occurs frequently in Scripture, and in such connections as lead to the supposition that it has some typical meaning. On the seventh day God rested, and hallowed it (Gen. 2:2, 3). The division of time into weeks of seven days each accounts for many instances of the occurrence of this number. This number has been called the symbol of perfection, and also the symbol of rest. “Jacob’s seven years’ service to Laban; Pharaoh’s seven fat oxen and seven lean ones; the seven branches of the golden candlestick; the seven trumpets and the seven priests who sounded them; the seven days’ siege of Jericho; the seven churches, seven spirits, seven stars, seven seals, seven vials, and many others, sufficiently prove the importance of this sacred number” (see Lev. 25:4;
The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7…
As from the beginning this was the number of days in the week, so it often has in Scripture a sort of emphasis attached to it, and is very generally used as a round or perfect number. Clean beasts were taken into the ark by sevens, Ge 7:1-24. The years of plenty and famine in Egypt were marked by sevens, Ge 41:1-57. With the Jews, not only was there a seventh day Sabbath, but every seventh year was a Sabbath, and after every seven times seven years came a jubilee. Their great feasts of unleavened bread and of tabernacles were observed for seven days; the number of animals in many of their sacrifices was limited to seven. The golden candlestick had seven branches. Seven priests with seven trumpets went around the walls of Jericho seven days, and seven times on the seventh day. In…
שָׁבוּעַ (shabuwa`) refers to a period of seven, specifically a week, and can denote both weeks of days and years. It is associated with the Feast of Weeks, also known as Pentecost. The term is derived from a root meaning 'sevened,' indicating its connection to the number seven.
שָׁבוּעַ n.m. period of seven (days, years), heptad, week
base
H7620 שָׁבוּעַ period of seven (days, years), heptad, week
7620 shabuwa` shaw-boo'-ah
or shabuan {shaw-boo'-ah}; also (feminine) shbu.ah
{sheb-oo-aw'}; properly, passive participle of 7650 as a
denominative of 7651; literal, sevened, i.e. a week
(specifically, of years):--seven, week.
see HEBREW for 07650
see HEBREW for 07651
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — Weeks.
Feast of Weeks,
Also named: pentēkostē (πεντηκοστή "Pentecost" G4005)
This name means seven,
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — week.
1) seven, period of seven (days or years), heptad, week
1a) period of seven days, a week
1a1) Feast of Weeks
1b) heptad, seven (of years)
Also means: sha.vu.a (שָׁבוּעַ "week" H7620I)
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — week.
1) seven, period of seven (days or years), heptad, week
1a) period of seven days, a week
1a1) Feast of Weeks
1b) heptad, seven (of years)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
Or successive periods of seven days each, were known from the earliest times among nations remote from each other in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Ge 29:27. See SABBATH.
The Hebrew had only numeral names for the days of the week, excepting the Sabbath; the names now current among us being borrowed from Saxon mythology. The Jews called Sunday "one of the Sabbath." A prophetic week and a week of years were each seven years; and a week of sabbatical years, or fortynine years, brought round the year of jubilee. In Joh 20:26, the disciples are said to have met again after "eight days," that is, evidently after a week, on the eighth day after our Lord’s resurrection. See THREE.
For the "Feast of Weeks," see PENTECOST.
סָפַר (safar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to count or recount, with various forms indicating actions like declaring or rehearsing. The noun form סֹפֵר (sofer) refers to a scribe or secretary. The entries highlight its use in contexts of enumeration and record-keeping, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָפַר 107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate
Qal 27
count things, to learn their number
number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
Niph. be counted, numbered
Pi. 67 recount, rehearse, declare
Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed
base
סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
base
H5608a סָפַר count, Pi. recount, relate .. count things, to learn their number
. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
. be counted, numbered
. recount, rehearse, declare
. be recounted, related, rehearsed
H5608b סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
5608 caphar saw-far'
a primitive root; properly, to score with a mark as a tally
or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to
enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate:--commune,
(ac-)count; declare, number, + penknife, reckon, scribe, shew
forth, speak, talk, tell (out), writer.
סָפַר (sa.phar) — to recount.
v
1) to count, recount, relate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to count (things)
1a2) to number, take account of, reckon
1b) (Niphal) to be counted, be numbered
1c) (Piel) to recount, rehearse, declare
1c1) to recount (something), rehearse
1c2) to talk
1c3) to count exactly or accurately
1d) (Pual) to be recounted, be rehearsed, be related
סֹפֵר (so.pher) — secretary.
1) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
1a) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary
1b) learned man, scribe
Aramaic equivalent: sa.pher (סָפִר "scribe" H5613)
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
kount (caphar, manah; psephizo): Used of arithmetical computation "to number" (Ps 139:18; Nu 23:10); also for kathabh, "to reckon," to indicate classification among or identification with, "count for a stranger" (Job 19:15); "count for his enemy" (Job 33:10). In the New Testament the arithmetical computation is less prominent, except in the sense of "calculate," psephizo, sumpsephizo, "to reckon with pebbles," each pebble representing a unit (Lu 14:28; Ac 19:19); of moral estimate, hegeomai and logizomai (Php…
ךָּ (ka) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular
HR/Sp2ms — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2ms
The Hebrew word חָלַל (*chalal*) is built from a primitive root meaning to bore or pierce, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to wound, to play the flute, and to profane or defile. It can refer to both physical actions, like piercing, and moral or ritual violations, such as polluting oneself or breaking a covenant. The lexicons note various grammatical forms and uses, but do not indicate significant disagreement.
חָלַל vb. bore, pierce
Qal my heart is pierced (wounded) within me
Pi. in the hand of the ones wounding thee
Pu. pierced by the sword
Po‛el his hand pierced the fleeing serpent
Po‛al pierced, wounded because of our transgressions
base
[חלל] vb. denom. play the pipe, pipe
Qal as well the singers as the pipe-players
Polel dancers
Pi. and the people piped with pipes
base
[חָלַל] vb. pollute, defile, profane
Niph.
reflex. pollute, defile oneself
Pass., be polluted, defiled
Pi.
defile, pollute
violate the honour of, dishonour
violate a covenant
treat a vineyard as common
Pu. my great name which is profaned among the nations
Hiph.
I will not let my holy name be profaned any more.
he shall not violate his word
begin
Hoph. then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳
base
H2490a חָלַל bore, pierce H2490b חלל vb. denom. play the pipe, pipe H2490c חָלַל pollute, defile, profane
2490 chalal khaw-lal'
a primitive root (compare 2470); properly, to bore, i.e. (by
implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane
(a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
(as if by an "opening wedge"); denom. (from 2485) to play (the
flute):--begin (X men began), defile, X break, defile, X eat
(as common things), X first, X gather the grape thereof, X
take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast
as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain,
wound.
see HEBREW for 02470
see HEBREW for 02485
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to bore.
1) to wound (fatally), bore through, pierce, bore
1a) (Qal) to pierce
1b) (Pual) to be slain
1c) (Poel) to wound, pierce
1d) (Poal) to be wounded
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to play flute.
(Piel) to play the flute or pipe
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to profane/begin: begin.
: begin
1) to profane, defile, pollute, desecrate, begin
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to profane oneself, defile oneself, pollute oneself
1a1a) ritually
1a1b) sexually
1a2) to be polluted, be defiled
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to profane, make common, defile, pollute
1b2) to violate the honour of, dishonour
1b3) to violate (a covenant)
1b4) to treat as common
1c) (Pual) to be profaned (of name of God)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to let be profaned
1d2) to begin
1e) (Hophal) to be begun
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to profane/begin: profane.
: profane
1) to profane, defile, pollute, desecrate, begin
1a) (Niphal)
HR/Vhcc — Preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHR/Vhcc
חֶרְמֵשׁ (chermesh) refers to a sickle, a tool used for cutting. It is derived from the root word found in H2763. The entries consistently define it as a sickle without any noted disagreements.
חֶרְמֵשׁ n.[m.] sickle
base
H2770 חֶרְמֵשׁ sickle
2770 chermesh kher-mashe'
from 2763; a sickle (as cutting):--sickle.
see HEBREW for 02763
חֶרְמֵשׁ (cher.mesh) — sickle.
sickle
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
sik'-'l (chermesh (De 16:9; 23:25), maggal; compare Arabic minjal (Jer 50:16; Joe 3:13); drepanon (Mr 4:29; Re 14:14-19)): Although the ancients pulled much of their grain by hand, we know that they also used sickles. The form of this instrument varied, as is evidenced by the Egyptian sculptures. The earliest sickle was probably of wood, shaped like the modern scythe, although much smaller, with the cutting edge made of sharp flints set into the wood. Sickle flints were found at Tel el-Chesy. Crescent-shaped iron sickles were found in the same mound. In Palestine and Syria the sickle varies in size. It is usually made…
Sickle
Of the Egyptians resembled that in modern use. The ears of corn were cut with it near the top of the straw. There was also a sickle used for warlike purposes, more correctly, however, called a pruning-hook (Deut. 16:9; Jer. 50:16, marg., “scythe;” Joel 3:13; Mark 4:29).
→ An agricultural implement used for cutting grain De 23:25; Jer 50:16; Mr 4:29
→ FIGURATIVE
Of the judgments of God Joe 3:13; Re 14:14-19
קָמָה (qamah) refers to standing grain, specifically a stalk of grain that has grown upright. It is derived from a feminine form of the active participle of the root meaning 'to rise.' The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its agricultural context.
קָמָה n.f. standing grain
base
H7054 קָמָה standing grain
7054 qamah kuw-maw'
feminine of active participle of 6965; something that rises,
i.e. a stalk of grain:--(standing) corn, grown up, stalk.
see HEBREW for 06965
קָמָה (qa.mah) — standing grain.
standing grain
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.
The Hebrew word חָלַל (*chalal*) is built from a primitive root meaning to bore or pierce, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to wound, to play the flute, and to profane or defile. It can refer to both physical actions, like piercing, and moral or ritual violations, such as polluting oneself or breaking a covenant. The lexicons note various grammatical forms and uses, but do not indicate significant disagreement.
חָלַל vb. bore, pierce
Qal my heart is pierced (wounded) within me
Pi. in the hand of the ones wounding thee
Pu. pierced by the sword
Po‛el his hand pierced the fleeing serpent
Po‛al pierced, wounded because of our transgressions
base
[חלל] vb. denom. play the pipe, pipe
Qal as well the singers as the pipe-players
Polel dancers
Pi. and the people piped with pipes
base
[חָלַל] vb. pollute, defile, profane
Niph.
reflex. pollute, defile oneself
Pass., be polluted, defiled
Pi.
defile, pollute
violate the honour of, dishonour
violate a covenant
treat a vineyard as common
Pu. my great name which is profaned among the nations
Hiph.
I will not let my holy name be profaned any more.
he shall not violate his word
begin
Hoph. then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳
base
H2490a חָלַל bore, pierce H2490b חלל vb. denom. play the pipe, pipe H2490c חָלַל pollute, defile, profane
2490 chalal khaw-lal'
a primitive root (compare 2470); properly, to bore, i.e. (by
implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane
(a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
(as if by an "opening wedge"); denom. (from 2485) to play (the
flute):--begin (X men began), defile, X break, defile, X eat
(as common things), X first, X gather the grape thereof, X
take inheritance, pipe, player on instruments, pollute, (cast
as) profane (self), prostitute, slay (slain), sorrow, stain,
wound.
see HEBREW for 02470
see HEBREW for 02485
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to bore.
1) to wound (fatally), bore through, pierce, bore
1a) (Qal) to pierce
1b) (Pual) to be slain
1c) (Poel) to wound, pierce
1d) (Poal) to be wounded
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to play flute.
(Piel) to play the flute or pipe
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to profane/begin: begin.
: begin
1) to profane, defile, pollute, desecrate, begin
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to profane oneself, defile oneself, pollute oneself
1a1a) ritually
1a1b) sexually
1a2) to be polluted, be defiled
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to profane, make common, defile, pollute
1b2) to violate the honour of, dishonour
1b3) to violate (a covenant)
1b4) to treat as common
1c) (Pual) to be profaned (of name of God)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to let be profaned
1d2) to begin
1e) (Hophal) to be begun
חָלַל (cha.lal) — to profane/begin: profane.
: profane
1) to profane, defile, pollute, desecrate, begin
1a) (Niphal)
HVhi2ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine singularHVhi2ms
be-gin': To make the first movement toward a given end (chalal; archomai). Those who interpret it in many passages pleonastically mean by this, that in such passages as "began to teach" or "began to speak," nothing more is intended than to express vividly and graphically the thought of the dependent infinitive. Mt 4:17; Lu 3:23; Ac 1:1 are so understood. For contrary opinion, see Thayer's Lexicon and Winer's Grammar of New Testament Greek.
The noun, arche, "beginning," in the writings of John, is used sometimes in an abstract sense, to designate a previous stage (Joh 1:1,2; 8:25; 1Jo 1:1; 3:8) and, sometimes, the Source or First Cause (
סָפַר (safar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to count or recount, with various forms indicating actions like declaring or rehearsing. The noun form סֹפֵר (sofer) refers to a scribe or secretary. The entries highlight its use in contexts of enumeration and record-keeping, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָפַר 107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate
Qal 27
count things, to learn their number
number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
Niph. be counted, numbered
Pi. 67 recount, rehearse, declare
Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed
base
סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
base
H5608a סָפַר count, Pi. recount, relate .. count things, to learn their number
. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
. be counted, numbered
. recount, rehearse, declare
. be recounted, related, rehearsed
H5608b סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
5608 caphar saw-far'
a primitive root; properly, to score with a mark as a tally
or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to
enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate:--commune,
(ac-)count; declare, number, + penknife, reckon, scribe, shew
forth, speak, talk, tell (out), writer.
סָפַר (sa.phar) — to recount.
v
1) to count, recount, relate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to count (things)
1a2) to number, take account of, reckon
1b) (Niphal) to be counted, be numbered
1c) (Piel) to recount, rehearse, declare
1c1) to recount (something), rehearse
1c2) to talk
1c3) to count exactly or accurately
1d) (Pual) to be recounted, be rehearsed, be related
סֹפֵר (so.pher) — secretary.
1) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
1a) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary
1b) learned man, scribe
Aramaic equivalent: sa.pher (סָפִר "scribe" H5613)
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
kount (caphar, manah; psephizo): Used of arithmetical computation "to number" (Ps 139:18; Nu 23:10); also for kathabh, "to reckon," to indicate classification among or identification with, "count for a stranger" (Job 19:15); "count for his enemy" (Job 33:10). In the New Testament the arithmetical computation is less prominent, except in the sense of "calculate," psephizo, sumpsephizo, "to reckon with pebbles," each pebble representing a unit (Lu 14:28; Ac 19:19); of moral estimate, hegeomai and logizomai (Php…
שֶׁ֫בַע (sheba`) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It can also imply 'seven times' or refer to a week. The term appears in various contexts, including combinations like 17 or 700. Its Aramaic equivalent is שִׁבְעָה (shiv.ah), also meaning 'seven'.
שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה 394 n.m. et f. seven
base
H7651 שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה seven
7651 sheba` sheh'-bah
or (masculine) shibrah {shib-aw'}; from 7650; a primitive
cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also
(adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by
extension, an indefinite number:--(+ by) seven(-fold),-s,
(-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare 7658.
see HEBREW for 07650
see HEBREW for 07658
שֶׁ֫בַע (she.va) — seven.
1) seven (cardinal number)
1a) as ordinal number
1b) in combination-17, 700 etc
Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
sev'-'-n (shebha`; hepta).
See NUMBER.
Seven
This number occurs frequently in Scripture, and in such connections as lead to the supposition that it has some typical meaning. On the seventh day God rested, and hallowed it (Gen. 2:2, 3). The division of time into weeks of seven days each accounts for many instances of the occurrence of this number. This number has been called the symbol of perfection, and also the symbol of rest. “Jacob’s seven years’ service to Laban; Pharaoh’s seven fat oxen and seven lean ones; the seven branches of the golden candlestick; the seven trumpets and the seven priests who sounded them; the seven days’ siege of Jericho; the seven churches, seven spirits, seven stars, seven seals, seven vials, and many others, sufficiently prove the importance of this sacred number” (see Lev. 25:4;
The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7…
As from the beginning this was the number of days in the week, so it often has in Scripture a sort of emphasis attached to it, and is very generally used as a round or perfect number. Clean beasts were taken into the ark by sevens, Ge 7:1-24. The years of plenty and famine in Egypt were marked by sevens, Ge 41:1-57. With the Jews, not only was there a seventh day Sabbath, but every seventh year was a Sabbath, and after every seven times seven years came a jubilee. Their great feasts of unleavened bread and of tabernacles were observed for seven days; the number of animals in many of their sacrifices was limited to seven. The golden candlestick had seven branches. Seven priests with seven trumpets went around the walls of Jericho seven days, and seven times on the seventh day. In…
שָׁבוּעַ (shabuwa`) refers to a period of seven, specifically a week, and can denote both weeks of days and years. It is associated with the Feast of Weeks, also known as Pentecost. The term is derived from a root meaning 'sevened,' indicating its connection to the number seven.
שָׁבוּעַ n.m. period of seven (days, years), heptad, week
base
H7620 שָׁבוּעַ period of seven (days, years), heptad, week
7620 shabuwa` shaw-boo'-ah
or shabuan {shaw-boo'-ah}; also (feminine) shbu.ah
{sheb-oo-aw'}; properly, passive participle of 7650 as a
denominative of 7651; literal, sevened, i.e. a week
(specifically, of years):--seven, week.
see HEBREW for 07650
see HEBREW for 07651
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — Weeks.
Feast of Weeks,
Also named: pentēkostē (πεντηκοστή "Pentecost" G4005)
This name means seven,
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — week.
1) seven, period of seven (days or years), heptad, week
1a) period of seven days, a week
1a1) Feast of Weeks
1b) heptad, seven (of years)
Also means: sha.vu.a (שָׁבוּעַ "week" H7620I)
שָׁבוּעַ (sha.vu.a) — week.
1) seven, period of seven (days or years), heptad, week
1a) period of seven days, a week
1a1) Feast of Weeks
1b) heptad, seven (of years)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
Or successive periods of seven days each, were known from the earliest times among nations remote from each other in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Ge 29:27. See SABBATH.
The Hebrew had only numeral names for the days of the week, excepting the Sabbath; the names now current among us being borrowed from Saxon mythology. The Jews called Sunday "one of the Sabbath." A prophetic week and a week of years were each seven years; and a week of sabbatical years, or fortynine years, brought round the year of jubilee. In Joh 20:26, the disciples are said to have met again after "eight days," that is, evidently after a week, on the eighth day after our Lord’s resurrection. See THREE.
For the "Feast of Weeks," see PENTECOST.