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Ezekiel 23:11 — Word Study

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WLCוַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־ תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃

BSAHer sisterʼâchôwth [biological sibling, close relative] OholibahʼOhŏlîybâh saw [this]râʼâh [perceived, looked after] yet in her lustʻăgâbâh [excessive love, selfish desire] andʼêth prostitutiontaznûwth [fornication, idolatry] she was more depravedshâchath [corrupt, ruined] than her sisterʼâchôwth [in her sinful ways, by comparison]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 23
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.cho.Tah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 23:11quick helps
In a sentenceOholibah observed her sister's fate but became even more corrupt in her desires.
Who is speakingThe prophet Ezekiel, conveying God's message to Israel.
Where we areIn a passage depicting the unfaithfulness of Israel through symbolic sisters.
The hard wordעַגְבָתָ֖הּ
Take awayThe comparison highlights the depth of Oholibah's depravity.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָאָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 23:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Unfaithfulness of Oholah and Oholibahgenerated

10They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and put her to the sword. Thus she became a byword among women, and they executed judgment against her.
11Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet in her lust and prostitution she was more depraved than her sister.
12She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors dressed in splendor, horsemen riding on steeds, all desirable young men.
13And I saw that she too had defiled herself; both of them had taken the same path.

Ezekiel 23:11 depicts the moral decline of Oholibah, who, despite witnessing the downfall of her sister, becomes even more depraved in her actions. This passage serves as a stark warning about the consequences of unfaithfulness and the dangers of unchecked desires. The imagery of sisters represents the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah, emphasizing their shared fate and spiritual corruption.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 23:4The older was named Oholah, and her sister was named Oholibah. They became Mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. As for their identities, Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.
2Jeremiah 3:8She saw that because faithless Israel had committed adultery, I gave her a certificate of divorce and sent her away. Yet that unfaithful sister Judah had no fear and prostituted herself as well.
3Ezekiel 16:47–51And you not only walked in their ways and practiced their abominations, but soon you were more depraved than they were.
4Jeremiah 3:8–11She saw that because faithless Israel had committed adultery, I gave her a certificate of divorce and sent her away. Yet that unfaithful sister Judah had no fear and prostituted herself as well.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

was more corrupt in her inordinate love than sheEzekiel 16:47–51 Jeremiah 3:8–11

The Key Word וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙, va.Te.re'generated

The verb רָאָה (ra'ah) means 'to see' and encompasses a range of visual actions, including observing and understanding. In this context, it indicates that Oholibah perceived the consequences of her sister's actions but chose to ignore them.

The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person feminine singular suggests an ongoing action, emphasizing that Oholibah not only saw but continued to act upon her desires despite the warning signs.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations generally agree on the meaning of וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ as 'and she saw.' The BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all convey the same idea of perception.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ (and she saw) governs the sentence, with a noun phrase as the subject and multiple clauses describing her actions and state. The structure emphasizes Oholibah's awareness and subsequent actions.

The Hebrew word order places the subject prominently at the beginning, highlighting Oholibah's role in the narrative and her direct comparison to her sister.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses εἶδεν to translate וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙, which also means 'to see.' This choice maintains the focus on perception but may imply a deeper understanding of the consequences.

This translation choice suggests that the translators viewed Oholibah's sight not just as a physical act but as a moral awareness of her sister's fate.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 23:11 tells us that Oholibah saw what happened to her sister but still chose to act even more corruptly. This verse highlights the dangers of ignoring warnings and the consequences of unchecked desires.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Oholibah saw her sister's fate?

It indicates that Oholibah was aware of the consequences of her sister's actions but chose to ignore them.

Why is Oholibah described as more depraved?

This emphasizes the severity of her actions compared to her sister, highlighting a deeper moral corruption.

What is the significance of the names Oholah and Oholibah?

They symbolize the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah, representing their unfaithfulness to God.

How does this passage reflect on human nature?

It shows how people can be aware of the consequences of sin yet still choose to engage in it, illustrating a common struggle with moral integrity.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I seen the consequences of my actions, and how can I learn from them?
  2. How do I respond when I see others making poor choices?
  3. What steps can I take to ensure I remain faithful in my commitments?
  4. How can I help others who may be struggling with similar temptations?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, noting how Oholibah became more wicked than her sister, highlighting the theme of moral decline.

JeromeVers. 11 seqq. c. 347–420
When her sister Oholibah saw this, she became more wicked than her, and her desire for sexual immorality surpassed that of her sister.
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 23 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 23:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And when her sister Aholibah saw this,.... The two tribes of Judah and Benjamin, when, they saw the idolatries the ten tribes fell into, and the destruction which came upon them for the same; instead

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 23 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms. When her sister Aholibah saw this.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 23 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Aholibah; Judah, yet two tribes. Saw this; both the sins and punishments of the kingdom of Israel, which should have been her admonition. She was more corrupt, ran more violently into both friendship, confederacies, and idolatries with the Assyrians, than her sister, Samaria; Jerusalem had more idols in it, and more abominable idolatry, than any we read of in Samaria that, at present, I can remember.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 23 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 23:11 And when her sister Aholibah saw [this], she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in [her] whoredoms.Ver. 11. And when her sister Aholibah saw this.] And yet would not be warned; which was a just both presage and desert of her utter destruction. She was more corrupt.] She was therefore the worse, because she should have been better.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 23 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) She was more corrupt.—Enough having been said of Aholah to form the basis for a comparison, the prophet now turns to Aholibah. The idolatries of Judah not only comparatively but actually exceeded those of her sister kingdom. See, e.g., the account of Manaseeh’s reign (2 Kings 21:1-16; 2 Chronicles 33:1-9). In addition to her connection with Assyria, Judah also formed alliances with Chaldæa, and intrigued with Egypt and other nations.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 23 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11–21. The infidelities of Judah with Assyria, Babylon and Egypt 11. On the greater excesses of Judah cf. Ezekiel 16:47; Ezekiel 16:51; Jeremiah 3:8; Jeremiah 3:11.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 23 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The idolatries of Manasseh’s reign exceeded all that had gone before either in Israel or in Judah 2 Kings 21:1-16; 2 Chronicles 33:1-10.

Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 23 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

11. Aholibah… was more corrupt — Judah, though with greater privileges, was even worse than her sister Samaria (Ezekiel 16:47; Ezekiel 16:51; Jeremiah 3:8; Jeremiah 3:11).

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 23 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet in her lust and prostitution she was more depraved than her sister.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lusting than she, and in her prostitution which was more depraved than the prostitution of her sister.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet in her lust and prostitution she was more depraved than her sister.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“Her sister Oholibah watched this, but she became more corrupt in her lust than her sister had been, and her acts of prostitution were more numerous than those of her sister.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And her sister Oholibah saw this, yet was she more corrupt in her doting than she, and in her whoredoms which were more than the whoredoms of her sister.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And her sister Oholibah saw this, yet was she more corrupt in her doting than she, and in her whoredoms which were more than the whoredoms of her sister.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And when her sister Aholibah saw this , she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her prostitutions more than her sister in her prostitutions.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And when her sister Aholibah sawe this, she marred her selfe with inordinate loue, more then she, and with her fornications more then her sister with her fornications.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And her sister Oholibah saw [this], and was more corrupt in her passion than she, and in her fornications more than the whoredoms of her sister.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And see doth her sister Aholibah, And she maketh her doting love more corrupt than she, And her whoredoms than the whoredoms of her sister.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And her sister Aholibah sees, || And she makes her unhealthy love more corrupt than she, || And her whoredoms than the whoredoms of her sister.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she became more corrupt in her longing than she, and in her lewd acts more than her sister's lewdness.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Her sister Oholibah saw this, but she lusted even more passionately and acted like a prostitute even more than her sister.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And when her sister Ooliba saw this, she was mad with lust more than she: and she carried her fornication beyond the fornication of her sister.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Oholibah saw what happened to her sister, but she became even worse than her in her wanting sex and practicing prostitution.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And her sister Oholibah saw this, but her desire was even more unmeasured, and her loose behaviour was worse than that of her sister.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbתֵּ֨רֶא֙she.sawnoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseאֲחוֹתָ֣sisterהּherאָהֳלִיבָ֔הOholibahוַandclauseclauseverbתַּשְׁחֵ֥תshe.acted.corruptlynoun phrase · objectעַגְבָתָ֖lustהּherprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִמֶּ֑moreנָּהthan.herוְandclausenoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseתַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יprostitution(s)הָherprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִmorenoun phraseזְּנוּנֵ֖יthan.the.prostitution(s)noun phraseאֲחוֹתָֽher.sisterהּher

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely on the wording of this verse, with all ten words matching in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This consistency underscores the shared understanding of Oholibah's actions and the moral implications.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־ תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙εἶδενאֲחוֹתָ֣הּאָהֳלִיבָ֔הοολιβαוַתַּשְׁחֵ֥תδιέφθειρεעַגְבָתָ֖הּτὴνמִמֶּ֑נָּהαὐτὴνוְאֶת־καὶתַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָτὴνמִזְּנוּנֵ֖יπορνείανאֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃τῆς

10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 23:11רָאָהand she sawand she sawרָאָהאָחוֹתsister hersister herאָחוֹתאָהֳלִיבָהOholibahOholibahאָהֳלִיבָהשָׁחַתand she actand she acted cשָׁחַתעֲגָבָהlust herlust herעֲגָבָהמִן־more than hmore than herמִן־אֵתand the objand the object אֵתתַּזְנוּתprostitutioprostitution heתַּזְנוּתזְנוּנִיםmore than [more than [the]זְנוּנִיםאָחוֹתsister hersister herאָחוֹתזָנָהto fornicato fornicateזָנָהאָחbrother: mbrother: male-sאָחאֶזְרָחִיEzrahiteEzrahiteאֶזְרָחִיאָהֳלָהOholahOholahאָהֳלָהעָגַבto lustto lustעָגַבאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתאֹ֫הֶלtenttentאֹ֫הֶלמֵןstringstringמֵןעֶרְוָהnakednessnakednessעֶרְוָהתָּמָרTamarTamarתָּמָרעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַטאָחוֹתsistersisterאָחוֹתעֲלִילָהwantonnesswantonnessעֲלִילָהאָבָהbe willingbe willingאָבָהרָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַרמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 23:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙va.Te.re' and she saw H7200 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Amplified meaning
perceived, looked after
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

so.

See TOOLS.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Egyptian saws, so far as has yet been discovered, are single-handed. As is the case in modern Oriental saws, the teeth usually incline toward the handle, instead of away from it like ours. They have, in most cases, bronze blades, apparently attached to the handles by leathern thongs. No evidence exists of the use of the saw applied to stone in Egypt, but we read of sawn stones used in the temple. (1 Kings 7:9) The saws "under" or "in" which David is said to have placed his captives were of iron. The expression in (2 Samuel 12:31) does not necessarily imply torture, but the word "cut" in (1 Chronicles 20:3) can hardly be understood otherwise.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Used as an instrument of torture 2Sa 12:31; Heb 11:37

→ Used for cutting stone 1Ki 7:9

→ FIGURATIVE Isa 10:15

and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ'a.cho.Tah sister her H269 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
114× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sister in the Bible can be a biological sibling, a half-sister, or a close relative. In Genesis 4:2, Cain's sister is not named, but in Genesis 24:15, Rebekah is Isaac's cousin and future wife.
Amplified meaning
biological sibling, close relative
Tyndale gloss
sister
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָחוֹת (achowth) means 'sister' and can refer to a full sister, half-sister, or a relative. It is used both literally and figuratively, symbolizing relationships such as that of Israel and Judah, and can also imply intimacy or connection. The word is built from a feminine form related to other terms for kinship.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָחוֹת 114 n.f. sister

sister

= beloved

symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem

fig. of intimate connection

another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H269 אָחוֹת sister

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

269 'achowth aw-khoth'

irregular feminine of 251; a sister (used very widely (like

250), literally and figuratively):--(an-)other, sister,

together.

see HEBREW for 0251

see HEBREW for 0250

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָחוֹת (a.chot) — sister.

1) sister

1a) sister (same parents)

1b) half-sister (same father)

1c) relative

1c1) (metaph) of Israel's and Judah's relationship

1d) beloved

1d1) bride

1e) (fig.) of intimate connection

1f) another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3fs
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה'o.ho.li.Vah Oholibah H172 Noun proper feminine
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Oholibah, meaning 'woman of the tent', is a symbolic name for Judah in the Bible, particularly in Ezekiel 23:4. It represents Jerusalem as an unfaithful wife, and is often used to describe a place of worship or a community of believers.
Tyndale gloss
Oholibah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָהֳלִיבָה (Oholiybah) is a proper noun meaning 'tent is in her' or 'woman of the tent.' It symbolizes Jerusalem as an adulterous wife of God, first mentioned in Ezekiel 23:4. The name is derived from a root meaning 'tent,' and it is closely related to the name Oholah (H170).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָהֳלִיבָה n.pr.f. Ohŏliba (= tent in her) of Jerusalem as adulterous wife of י׳

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H172 אָהֳלִיבָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

172 'Oholiybah o''-hol-ee-baw'

(similarly with 170) for hOholiybahh {o''-hol-e-baw'}; from

168; my tent (is) in her; Oholibah, a symbolic name for

Judah:--Aholibah.

see HEBREW for 0170

see HEBREW for 0168

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אׇהֳלִיבָה (o.ho.li.vah) — Oholibah.

A woman living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezk.23.4;

sister of: Oholah (H0170)

§ Aholibah = "woman of the tent" or "the tent is in her"

(metaph) Jerusalem as adulterous wife of Jehovah

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper feminine
HNpf
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

W. W. Davies

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥תva.tash.Chet and she acted corruptly H7843 Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
146× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to ruin or destroy something, and it is used in various forms throughout the Bible to describe corruption and decay.
Amplified meaning
corrupt, ruined
Tyndale gloss
to ruin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁחַת (shachath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ruin or corrupt. It encompasses a range of actions including decay, spoilage, and moral perversion, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances of destruction or corruption. The word appears in contexts that suggest both physical and moral degradation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁחַת] 161 vb. go to ruin (?)

Niph. be marred, spoiled

Pi.

spoil, ruin

pervert, corrupt

Hiph.

spoil, ruin

pervert, corrupt

Hoph. spoiled, ruined

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7843 [שָׁחַת] go to ruin (?) . be marred, spoiled

. . spoil, ruin

. pervert, corrupt

. . spoil, ruin

. pervert, corrupt

. spoiled, ruined

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7843 shachath shaw-khath'

a primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin

(literally or figuratively):--batter, cast off, corrupt(-er,

thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill,

spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁחַת (sha.chat) — to ruin.

1) to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay

1a) (Niphal) to be marred, be spoiled, be corrupted, be corrupt, be injured, be ruined, be rotted

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to spoil, ruin

1b2) to pervert, corrupt, deal corruptly (morally)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to spoil, ruin, destroy

1c2) to pervert, corrupt (morally)

1c3) destroyer (participle)

1d) (Hophal) spoiled, ruined (participle)

Aramaic equivalent: she.chat (שְׁחַת "to corrupt" H7844)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vhw3fs
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
עַגְבָתָ֖הּ'ag.va.Tah lust her H5691 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes excessive or selfish love, often used to warn against lustful desires. It emphasizes the dangers of letting love become an all-consuming passion. The KJV translates it as 'inordinate love'.
Amplified meaning
excessive love, selfish desire
Tyndale gloss
lust
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲגָבָה (agabah) refers to lustfulness or inordinate love, derived from the root word for love. It appears in the context of amorousness, specifically noted in Ezekiel 23:11.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עֲגָבָה] n.f. lustfulness;—sf. Ez 23:11

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5691 עֲגָבָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5691 `agabah ag-aw-baw'

from 5689; love (abstractly), i.e. amorousness:--inordinate

love.

see HEBREW for 05689

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲגָבָה (a.ga.vah) — lust.

lustfulness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3fs
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
מִמֶּ֑נָּהmi.Me.nah more than her H4480 Preposition · suffix
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3fs
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָtaz.nu.Tei.ha prostitution her H8457 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Fornication, or taznuth, refers to harlotry or idolatry, often used figuratively to describe spiritual unfaithfulness. In the KJV, it is translated as fornication or whoredom, emphasizing its negative connotation.
Amplified meaning
fornication, idolatry
Tyndale gloss
fornication
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּזְנוּת (taznuwth) refers to fornication or harlotry, and is derived from the root meaning to commit sexual immorality. It can also figuratively denote idolatry. The term appears in contexts related to both sexual and spiritual unfaithfulness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[תַּזְנוּת] n.f.abstr. fornication

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8457 תַּזְנוּת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8457 taznuwth taz-nooth'

or taznuth {taz-nooth'}; from 2181; harlotry, i.e.

(figuratively) idolatry:--fornication, whoredom.

see HEBREW for 02181

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּזְנוּת (taz.nut) — fornication.

fornication, harlotry

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3fs
and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
מִזְּנוּנֵ֖יmi.ze.nu.Nei more than [the] prostitutions of H2183 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Fornication refers to adultery or prostitution, and is often used figuratively to describe idolatry in the Bible. It involves being unfaithful or engaging in immoral sexual behavior.
Tyndale gloss
fornication
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זְנוּנִים (zanuwn) refers to fornication, with implications of adultery and idolatry. It is built from the root word for sexual immorality and can denote both literal and figurative forms of unfaithfulness. The term appears in contexts that suggest a range of sexual and religious connotations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זְנוּנִים n.[m.] fornication

sexual

international

religious

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2183 זְנוּנִים fornication

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2183 zanuwn zaw-noon'

from 2181; adultery; figuratively, idolatry:--whoredom.

see HEBREW for 02181

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זְנוּנִים (za.nun) — fornication.

adultery, fornication, prostitution

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
HR/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and she saw sister her Oholibah and she acted corruptly lust her more than her and the object marker prostitution her more than [the] prostitutions of sister her
אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃'a.cho.Tah sister her H269 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
114× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sister in the Bible can be a biological sibling, a half-sister, or a close relative. In Genesis 4:2, Cain's sister is not named, but in Genesis 24:15, Rebekah is Isaac's cousin and future wife.
Amplified meaning
in her sinful ways, by comparison
Tyndale gloss
sister
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָחוֹת (achowth) means 'sister' and can refer to a full sister, half-sister, or a relative. It is used both literally and figuratively, symbolizing relationships such as that of Israel and Judah, and can also imply intimacy or connection. The word is built from a feminine form related to other terms for kinship.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָחוֹת 114 n.f. sister

sister

= beloved

symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem

fig. of intimate connection

another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H269 אָחוֹת sister

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

269 'achowth aw-khoth'

irregular feminine of 251; a sister (used very widely (like

250), literally and figuratively):--(an-)other, sister,

together.

see HEBREW for 0251

see HEBREW for 0250

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָחוֹת (a.chot) — sister.

1) sister

1a) sister (same parents)

1b) half-sister (same father)

1c) relative

1c1) (metaph) of Israel's and Judah's relationship

1d) beloved

1d1) bride

1e) (fig.) of intimate connection

1f) another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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