Ezekiel 23:20 — Word Study
WLCוַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה עַ֖ל פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׂר־ חֲמוֹרִים֙ בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְזִרְמַ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים זִרְמָתָֽם׃
BSAand lustedʻăgab▸ [to have a strong sensual desire] afterʻal their loverspîylegesh [paramours, concubines] whoseʼăsher genitalsbâsâr [flesh, body] were like thosebâsâr of donkeyschămôwr [asses] and whose emissionzirmâh [discharge, seminal fluid] was like thatzirmâh of stallionsçûwç [horses]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה | and she lusted ! | Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, suffix |
| עַ֖ל | on | Preposition |
| פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם | paramours their | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר | whom | Particle |
| בְּשַׂר־ | [was the] flesh of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חֲמוֹרִים֙ | donkeys | Noun common, both plural absolute |
| בְּשָׂרָ֔ם | flesh their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְזִרְמַ֥ת | and [was the] ejaculation of | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct |
| סוּסִ֖ים | horses | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| זִרְמָתָֽם׃ | ejaculation their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and lusted after their lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions. |
| KJV | For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. |
| ASV | And she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. |
| YLT | And she doteth on their paramours, Whose flesh [is] the flesh of asses, And the issue of horses — their issue. |
| WEB | She lusted after their lovers, whose flesh is as the flesh of donkeys, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. |
| BBE | And she was full of desire for her lovers, whose flesh is like the flesh of asses and whose seed is like the seed of horses. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of 'lovers' — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main action, with two descriptive phrases providing vivid comparisons.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 23:20
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Unfaithfulness of Jerusalemgenerated
Ezekiel 23:20 describes the lustful desires of Jerusalem, likening them to animalistic cravings. This passage illustrates the spiritual infidelity of the city, which has turned away from God and pursued other 'lovers' or nations, reminiscent of the waywardness seen in earlier chapters. The vivid imagery serves to highlight the severity of their actions and the consequences that follow.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 16:20–26 | You even took the sons and daughters you bore to Me and sacrificed them as food to idols. Was your prostitution not enough? |
| 2 | Ezekiel 17:15 | But this king rebelled against Babylon by sending his envoys to Egypt to ask for horses and a large army. Will he flourish? Will the one who does such things escape? Can he break a covenant and yet escape?’ |
| 3 | Jeremiah 5:8 | They are well-fed, lusty stallions, each neighing after his neighbor’s wife. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עָגַב, 'agabgenerated
The verb עָגַב (agab) is a qal imperfect form, indicating an ongoing action of lusting or desiring. It conveys a strong sensual desire, often in a context of unfaithfulness or idolatry. The root meaning emphasizes a deep yearning, particularly in a sexual or romantic sense, which is evident in this verse.
This word's usage in the context of Ezekiel underscores the passionate and often destructive nature of such desires. It is not merely a physical attraction but a profound longing that leads to betrayal and spiritual corruption.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'and lusted after their lovers,' which is consistent across the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is תַּעְגְּבָה (ta'gevah), and she lusted, which governs the subsequent phrases. The structure emphasizes the action of lusting, with additional phrases providing details about the object of that desire.
The sentence is complex, with a main clause followed by descriptive phrases that elaborate on the nature of the lovers and the physical attributes being compared. This layering of information adds depth to the depiction of unfaithfulness.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb עָגַב is translated as ἐπέθου, which conveys a sense of strong desire or longing. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may carry a slightly different connotation in the Greek context.
The translation choice reflects a consistent understanding of the intense desire expressed in the original text, though the Greek word may not encapsulate all the nuances of the Hebrew.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 23:20 describes how Jerusalem lusted after her lovers, comparing their physical attributes to donkeys and horses. This vivid imagery highlights the nature of her unfaithfulness and the depth of her desires.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates a strong desire for alliances and relationships with other nations, symbolizing spiritual unfaithfulness.
The imagery emphasizes the base and carnal nature of the desires, illustrating the depth of unfaithfulness.
It reflects the theme of Israel's unfaithfulness and the consequences of turning away from God to pursue other nations.
It highlights the nature of relationships that are not sanctioned by God, emphasizing the spiritual implications of such unions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see desires in my life that may lead me away from faithfulness?
- How can I guard against the allure of 'lovers' that distract from my commitment to God?
- What does this imagery teach me about the consequences of unfaithfulness?
- How can I cultivate a heart that desires God above all else?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 23:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleFor she doted upon their paramours,.... Or "concubines" (z); the neighbouring nations and allies of the Egyptians, whose friendship the Jews courted, and whose idols they served: the Septuagint and
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDoted: see . Upon their paramours; Egyptians, and the nations that were confederate with the Egyptians; looking on them as able to defend by their power, enrich by their trade, and make prosperous by their friendship. Whose flesh, & c.: in these terms the prophet expresseth the vehement desire of the Jews to Egyptian idolatry, compared to whoredom, and may, for aught I know, tax the lustful impudence of some of the Jewish women in their corporal uncleannesses with the Egyptians, who were it seems (by report of authors) naturally disposed for that vice, and fittest for unsatiable, lustful women: see .
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 23:20 For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh [is as] the flesh of asses, and whose issue [is like] the issue of horses.Ver. 20. Whose flesh is as the flesh of asses.] Qui sunt bene mentulati (honos sit nutibus) et qui semine abundant. Commodus the emperor, who had never a good property in him, was for this called the Ass, as Jerome noteth. And whose issue is as the issue of horses.] Fluxus equorum est fluxus eorum - that is, they are extremely libidinous and superstitious, so that there is no ho with them. Circumfluunt et exundant omni scelere et impietate copiosissime.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(20) Their paramours.—The word is masculine, as indicating the abominable sins copied by the Israelites from the heathen, and asses and horses are introduced to show the intensity of lust. (Comp. Jeremiah 5:8.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 23 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 20. She doted upon their paramours] פלגשיהם pillagsheyhem, their harlots or concubines. Anciently harlot meant in our language either the male or female prostitute. Whose flesh is as the flesh of asses] See on Ezekiel 16:25.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 23 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible20. Compare notes Ezekiel 16:26, and see Jeremiah 5:8. The coarsest and most fleshly abominations just suited her taste.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and lusted after their lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions.
She lusted after their lovers, whose flesh is as the flesh of donkeys, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
and lusted after their lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of stallions.
She lusted after their genitals – as large as those of donkeys, and their seminal emission was as strong as that of stallions.
Tyndale line
For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
And she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
And she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
For she doted vpon their seruants whose members are as the members of asses, and whose yssue is like the yssue of horses.
Strictly literal
and she lusted after their paramours, whose flesh is [as] the flesh of asses, and whose issue is [as] the issue of horses.
And she doteth on their paramours, Whose flesh [is] the flesh of asses, And the issue of horses — their issue.
And she lusts on their lovers, || Whose flesh [is] the flesh of donkeys, || And the emission of horses—their emission.
And she longed for her paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose lustfulness is like the lustfulness of horses.
So she lusted for her lovers, whose private parts were like those of donkeys, and whose reproductive emissions were like those of horses.
From the Latin
And she was mad with lust after lying with them whose flesh is as the flesh of asses: and whose issue as the issue of horses.
Simplified
She wanted to have sex with her lovers who had genitals like donkeys and who ejaculated like stallions.
And she was full of desire for her lovers, whose flesh is like the flesh of asses and whose seed is like the seed of horses.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, with the Septuagint aligning closely in content but differing in word order. Both texts convey the same essential message regarding the unfaithfulness and desires of Jerusalem.
וַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה עַ֖ל פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׂר־ חֲמוֹרִים֙ בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְזִרְמַ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים זִרְמָתָֽם׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 23:20
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָגַב (agab) is a primitive root meaning to breathe after or to love, particularly in a sensual context. It conveys the idea of having inordinate affection or lust, with related forms indicating a lover or paramour. The entries consistently emphasize the sensual aspect of this affection.
[עָגַב] vb. have inordinate affection, lust
base
H5689 עָגַב, עֲגַב
5689 `agab aw-gab'
a primitive root; to breathe after, i.e. to love
(sensually):--dote, lover.
עָגַב (a.gav) — to lust.
1) (Qal) to have inordinate affection or lust
1a) lust (participle)
1b) paramours (participle as subst)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular · suffixHc/Vqw3fs/Sh
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ (piylegesh) means 'concubine' or 'paramour.' The word is derived from an uncertain origin and is consistently defined across lexicons as referring to a female partner in a relationship that is not a formal marriage. It appears in contexts related to concubinage.
פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ, פִּילֶ֫גֶשׁ 37 n.f. concubine
concubine
either = paramour, or < concubinage
base
H6370 פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ, פִּילֶ֫גֶשׁ concubine
6370 piylegesh pee-leh'-ghesh
or pilegesh {pee-leh'-ghesh}; of uncertain derivation; a
concubine; also (masculine) a paramour:--concubine,
paramour.
פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ (pi.le.gesh) — concubine.
1) concubine, paramour
1a) concubine
1b) paramour
N-fp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.
בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh
of the body
flesh for the body itself
male organ of generation (euphemism)
flesh for kindred, blood-relations
man over against God as frail or erring
base
H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body
. flesh for the body itself
. male organ of generation (euphemism)
. flesh for kindred, blood-relations
. man over against God as frail or erring
1320 basar baw-sawr'
from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,
person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,
lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.
see HEBREW for 01319
בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.
1) flesh
1a) of the body
1a1) of humans
1a2) of animals
1b) the body itself
1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)
1d) kindred, blood-relations
1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)
1f) all living things
1g) animals
1h) mankind
Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֲמוֹר (chamor) refers to a male donkey, derived from a root meaning 'to be red' or 'dun.' The term is consistently translated as 'ass' or 'donkey' across various lexicons, indicating its specific reference to this animal in the Old Testament.
חֲמוֹר n.m. (he)-ass
base
H2543 חֲמוֹר (he)-ass
2543 chamowr kham-ore'
or (shortened) chamor {kham-ore}; from 2560; a male ass (from
its dun red):--(he)ass.
see HEBREW for 02560
חֲמוֹר (cha.mor) — donkey.
(he) ass
N-cp — Noun common · both plural absoluteHNcbpa
בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.
בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh
of the body
flesh for the body itself
male organ of generation (euphemism)
flesh for kindred, blood-relations
man over against God as frail or erring
base
H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body
. flesh for the body itself
. male organ of generation (euphemism)
. flesh for kindred, blood-relations
. man over against God as frail or erring
1320 basar baw-sawr'
from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,
person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,
lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.
see HEBREW for 01319
בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.
1) flesh
1a) of the body
1a1) of humans
1a2) of animals
1b) the body itself
1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)
1d) kindred, blood-relations
1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)
1f) all living things
1g) animals
1h) mankind
Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
זִרְמָה (zirmah) is a feminine noun meaning a gushing or discharge, specifically referring to seminal fluid. It is used in a literal sense and also figuratively, as seen in Ezekiel 23:20, where it relates to the paramours of Jerusalem.
זִרְמָה n.f. issue (of semen virile), in fig. of the paramours of Jerusalem Ez 23:20.
ref
H2231 זִרְמָה
2231 zirmah zir-maw'
feminine of 2230; a gushing of fluid (semen):--issue.
see HEBREW for 02230
זִרְמָה (zir.mah) — discharge.
1) flow, issue
1a) issue (of seminal discharge)
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular constructHC/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift
base
סוּס 138 n.m. horse
base
H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse
5483 cuwc soos
or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,
for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid
flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.
see HEBREW for 06571
סוּס (sus) — swallow.
swallow, swift
סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).
This name means horse
סוּס (sus) — horse.
1) horse
1a) chariot horses
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
Were anciently less used for labor, in Bible land, than oxen and asses. They were used by princes and warriors, both with and without chariots, Ex 14:9,23 Es 6:8 Ec 10:7. The finest description of the war-horse ever written is found in one of the most ancient books, Job 39:19-25. Horses were common in Egypt, Ge 47:17 50:9 So 1:9; but the Jews were at first forbidden to go there for them, De 17:16, or the keep any large number, Jos 11:6
זִרְמָה (zirmah) is a feminine noun meaning a gushing or discharge, specifically referring to seminal fluid. It is used in a literal sense and also figuratively, as seen in Ezekiel 23:20, where it relates to the paramours of Jerusalem.
זִרְמָה n.f. issue (of semen virile), in fig. of the paramours of Jerusalem Ez 23:20.
ref
H2231 זִרְמָה
2231 zirmah zir-maw'
feminine of 2230; a gushing of fluid (semen):--issue.
see HEBREW for 02230
זִרְמָה (zir.mah) — discharge.
1) flow, issue
1a) issue (of seminal discharge)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp