Isaiah 1:25 — Word Study
WLCוְאָשִׁ֤יבָה יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּבֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִךְ וְאָסִ֖ירָה כָּל־ בְּדִילָֽיִךְ׃
BSAI will turnshûwb [return, bring back] My handyâd [an open hand; strength, a side or share] against youʻal I will thoroughly purgetsâraph▸ [completely, utterly, refine, cleanse] your drossçîyg [waste, impurities] I will removeçûwr▸ [take away, turn aside] allkôl [everything] your impuritiesbᵉdîyl [tin, alloy, like dross from silver]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה | and I will turn | Conjunction, verb hiphil infinitive construct first person common singular |
| יָדִי֙ | hand my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| עָלַ֔יִךְ | on you | Preposition, suffix |
| וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף | so I may refine | Conjunction, verb qal first person common singular |
| כַּבֹּ֖ר | like potash | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| סִיגָ֑יִךְ | dross your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְאָסִ֖ירָה | and I will remove | Conjunction, verb hiphil infinitive construct first person common singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| בְּדִילָֽיִךְ׃ | slag your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities. |
| KJV | ¶ And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin: |
| ASV | and I will turn my hand upon thee, and thoroughly purge away thy dross, and will take away all thy tin; |
| YLT | And I turn back My hand upon thee, And I refine as purity thy dross, And I turn aside all thy tin, |
| WEB | I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin. |
| BBE | And my hand will again be on you, washing away what is unclean as with soap, and taking away all your false metal; |
The translations generally agree on the meaning and intent of the verse.
The sentence has one main clause followed by two infinitive phrases that describe the actions God will take.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 1:25
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Judgment and Restorationgenerated
Isaiah 1:25 is part of a larger message from God to His people, where He expresses His intent to confront their sinfulness and impurities. The preceding verses highlight God's displeasure with their actions, and the subsequent verses promise restoration and righteousness. This passage reflects the dual themes of judgment and hope throughout the book of Isaiah.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zechariah 13:7–9 | Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, against the man who is My Companion, declares the LORD of Hosts. Strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered, and I will turn My hand against the little ones. |
| 2 | Revelation 3:19 | Those I love, I rebuke and discipline. Therefore be earnest and repent. |
| 3 | Isaiah 1:22 | Your silver has become dross; your fine wine is diluted with water. |
| 4 | Isaiah 4:4 | when the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and cleansed the bloodstains from the heart of Jerusalem by a spirit of judgment and a spirit of fire. |
| 5 | Isaiah 6:11–13 | Then I asked: “How long, O Lord?” And He replied: “Until the cities lie ruined and without inhabitant, until the houses are left unoccupied and the land is desolate and ravaged, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שׁוּב, ve.'a.Shi.vahgenerated
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to return or turn back. It encompasses a range of meanings, including physical return, spiritual repentance, and a change in course of action. In this verse, it signifies God's intention to turn His hand against His people as a form of correction.
The parsing as a hiphil infinitive construct indicates that this action is initiated by God, emphasizing His active role in the process of turning and purifying His people.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs in this verse are אָשִׁ֤יבָה (ashivah), אֶצְרֹ֥ף (etzrof), and אָסִ֖ירָה (asirah), which govern the actions of turning, refining, and removing. The structure emphasizes God's decisive actions against His people.
The order of the clauses places God's actions at the forefront, with the verbs leading the sentence, indicating the priority of His intentions in the message.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שׁוּב as ἐπάχω (epachō), which means to turn or return. This choice reflects a similar intent to convey God's action of turning against His people.
The Greek word πυρώσω (purōsō) for refining suggests a process of purification that aligns with the Hebrew meaning, indicating a focus on the transformative aspect of God's judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 1:25 expresses God's intention to confront His people by turning His hand against them and purifying their impurities. He will remove the dross and tin from their lives, emphasizing the need for cleansing and restoration.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's judgment and correction, indicating that He is taking action to confront their sins and impurities.
Purging dross represents the process of refining and purifying, where God removes impurities to make His people stronger and more faithful.
This verse illustrates the dual themes by showing God's judgment against sin while also promising purification and eventual restoration for His people.
It refers to the moral and spiritual impurities present in the lives of God's people, which He intends to remove through His refining process.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to seek God's refining and purifying touch?
- How can I respond to God's correction in my life when I feel His hand against me?
- What does it mean to me that God desires to remove my impurities?
- How can I help others understand the importance of God's refining process in their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, interpreting it in the context of God's judgment and the call for repentance, as seen in their writings.
[This concerns] the faithful city of Zion, which later became a harlot. In place of the righteous, or righteousness, murderers dwelled within her.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
And I will turn my hand against you; and I will thoroughly purge away your dross and take away all your alloy. Regarding the dross, which Symmachus interpreted as 'στέμφυλα' (clusters of grapes), Aquila as 'γιγαρτῶδες' (bunch of grapes),Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
For we will not mimic the false prophets who say that most things have been done by them. This is the meaning of “to corrupt,” when someone dilutes the wine, or when someone sells something which ought to be given away freely.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 1:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will turn my hand upon thee,.... The remnant, according to the election of grace, left in Jerusalem, Isaiah 1:9 meaning not his afflicting hand, no, not even as a fatherly chastisement; though
Read John Gill on Isaiah 1 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin: I will turn my hand - not in wrath, but in grace (Zechariah 13:7).
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 1 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleI will turn my hand upon thee, to chastise thee again, which God threatened that he would not do, , but now promiseth that he will do it, not in fury, or so as utterly to destroy them, but in mercy, and with moderation, so as to purge them, as it here follows. And purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin; I will purge out of thee and destroy those wicked men that are incorrigible and infectious to others; and for those of you that are curable, I will by my word, and by the furnace of affliction, purge out all that hypocrisy and corruption that yet remains in you, and requires so sharp a cure.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 1 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 1:25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:Ver. 25. And I will turn my hand upon thee.] So Zechariah 13:7, I will turn my hand upon the little ones; so soon doth it repent the Lord concerning his servants. Here he mitigateth the former fearful menace, and promiseth a reformation. And purely purge away thy dross.] Et expurgabo, ut purificativum, scorias tuas. The wicked are the dross of the state, and wickedness is the dross and dregs of the soul. God promiseth her to purge out both, to separate the precious from the vile, to reform and refine all - a metaphor from metallaries. And I will take away all thy tin.] Thine hypocrisy…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 1 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(25) I will turn my hand upon thee.—The phrase, like the English “visit,” presents both a severe and a gracious aspect. Of the former we have instances in Psalms 81:14, Amos 1:8; of the latter in Zechariah 13:7. The context here inclines to the latter meaning. Jehovah punishes that He may save, and smites that He may heal. Purely purge away thy dross.—Better, will smelt away thy dross with lye, or potash, which was used in the smelting process. The imagery of Isa 1:22 is resumed. The great Refiner can purify the debased metal. In Malachi 3:2-3, we have the same image expanded. The process involved, of course, the rejection of the dross—i.e., in the interpretation of the parable, of the lead…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 1 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 25. I will turn my hand upon thee] So the common version; and this seems to be a metaphor taken from the custom of those who, when the metal is melted, strike off the scoriae with their hand previously to its being poured out into the mould. I have seen this done with the naked hand, and no injury whatever sustained. Purge away thy dross - "In the furnace"] The text has כבר cabbor, which some render "as with soap;" as if it were the same with כברית keborith; so Kimchi; but soap can have nothing to do with the purifying of metals. Others, "according to purity," or "purely," as our version. Le Clerc conjectured that the true reading is ככור kechur, "as in the furnace;" see Ezekiel…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 1 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd I will turn my hand upon thee - This expression is capable of two significations. The hand may be stretched out for two purposes, either to inflict punishment, or to afford help and protection.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 1 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible25. In this verse punishment and salvation are combined: punishment as the means, salvation as the end. I will turn my hand upon thee — This with a view to vigorous correction.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities.
I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin.
I will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities.
I will attack you; I will purify your metal with flux. I will remove all your slag.
Tyndale line
¶ And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:
and I will turn my hand upon thee, and thoroughly purge away thy dross, and will take away all thy tin;
and I will turn my hand upon thee, and throughly purge away thy dross, and will take away all thy tin:
And I will turn my hand upon thee, and thoroughly purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:
Then I will turne mine hand vpon thee, and burne out thy drosse, till it be pure, and take away all thy tinne.
Strictly literal
And I will turn my hand upon thee, and will thoroughly purge away thy dross, and take away all thine alloy;
And I turn back My hand upon thee, And I refine as purity thy dross, And I turn aside all thy tin,
And I turn back My hand on you, || And I refine your dross as purity, || And I turn aside all your tin,
And I will turn my hand against thee, and purge away as with lye thy dross, and remove all thy tin:
I will turn my hand against you, refine away your dross as with lye, and take away all your dross.
From the Latin
And I will turn my hand to thee, and I will clean purge away thy dress, and I will take away all thy tin.
Simplified
I will turn against you. I will refine you in a furnace, removing all impurities.
And my hand will again be on you, washing away what is unclean as with soap, and taking away all your false metal;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in content, with 8 of the 9 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variations, with one scroll partially restored and one word supplied by an editor, but they maintain the core message of God's judgment and purification.
וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּבֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִךְ וְאָסִ֖ירָה כָּל־ בְּדִילָֽיִךְ׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והשיב יד׳י עלי׳ך ואצרף [כבר] סוגי׳ך ואסיר כול בדילי׳ך
7 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
[ואשיבה] [יד׳י] [עלי׳ך] [ואצרף] [כבר] [סיגי׳ך] [ואסיר] כל [בדילי׳ך]
1 word on the leather — 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 1:25
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs — Conjunction · verb hiphil infinitive construct first person common singularHC/Vhc1cs
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
צָרַף (tsaraph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to smelt, refine, or test. It encompasses the processes of fusing metals and proving their purity, with forms indicating both the act of refining and the role of a refiner or goldsmith. The word appears in various contexts, including both literal and figurative uses of purification.
צָרַף vb. smelt, refine, test
Qal
smelt, refine
test
test (and prove true)
as n. smelter, refiner
Niph. many shall be refined
Pi. as n. a refiner
base
H6884 צָרַף smelt, refine, test
6884 tsaraph tsaw-raf'
a primitive root; to fuse (metal), i.e. refine (literally or
figuratively):--cast, (re-)fine(-er), founder, goldsmith,
melt, pure, purge away, try.
צָרַף (tsa.raph) — to refine.
1) to smelt, refine, test
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to smelt, refine
1a2) to test
1a3) to test (and prove true)
1a4) smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be refined
1c) (Piel) to be a refiner
1c1) refiner (participle)
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Conjunction · verb qal first person common singularHC/Vqu1cs
בֹּר (bor) refers to lye, potash, or alkali, primarily used in smelting metals. The term is associated with cleansing properties and can function as a soap or flux. It appears in Isaiah 1:25, where its context relates to purification.
בֹּר n.m. lye, potash, alkali used in smelting metals Is 1:25
ref
H1253 בֹּר lye, potash, alkali used in smelting metals
1253 bor bore
the same as 1252; vegetable lye (from its cleansing); used as
a soap for washing, or a flux for metals:--X never so, purely.
see HEBREW for 01252
בֹּר (bor) — lye.
lye, potash, alkali used in smelting metal
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
סִיג (sig) refers to both a movement away and dross, particularly in the context of metals like silver. The word is derived from a root meaning refuse or scoria, and it appears in Ezekiel 22:18. The lexicons consistently emphasize its meanings related to both physical movement and the impurities found in metal.
סִיג, שִׂיג n.[m.] 1. a moving back or away. 2. dross
base
H5509 סִיג, שִׂיג 1. a moving back or away. 2. dross
5509 ciyg seeg
or cuwg (Ezek. 22:18) {soog}; from 5472 in the sense of
refuse; scoria:--dross.
see HEBREW for 05472
סִיג (sig) — dross.
1) a moving back or away
2) dross (usually of silver)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2fs
סוּר (sur) is a Hebrew verb meaning to turn aside or depart. It encompasses a range of actions including removal, avoidance, and coming to an end. The word can be used in various forms, such as causing something to turn aside or be taken away. It appears in contexts involving both literal and figurative departures.
סוּר and [שׂוּר] 300 vb. turn aside
Qal
turn aside, out of one's course
depart
of lifeless things = be removed
= come to an end
Pô‛lēl he turned aside my ways (my steps)
Hiph.
cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away
rarer uses
Pô‛lēl be taken away, removed
base
H5493 סוּר, שׂוּר turn aside .. turn aside, out of one's course
. depart
. of lifeless things = be removed
. = come to an end
.he turned aside my ways (my steps)
. . cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away
. rarer uses
.be taken away, removed
5493 cuwr soor
or suwr (Hosea 9:12) {soor}; a primitive root; to turn off
(literal or figurative):--be(-head), bring, call back,
decline, depart, eschew, get (you), go (aside), X grievous,
lay away (by), leave undone, be past, pluck away, put (away,
down), rebel, remove (to and fro), revolt, X be sour, take
(away, off), turn (aside, away, in), withdraw, be without.
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: remove.
: remove
1) to turn aside, depart
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto
1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid
1a3) to be removed
1a4) to come to an end
1b) (Polel) to turn aside
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose
1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish
1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: depart.
: depart
1) to turn aside, depart
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto
1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid
1a3) to be removed
1a4) to come to an end
1b) (Polel) to turn aside
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose
1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish
1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: turn aside.
: turn_aside/deflect
Conj | V-Hiphil-Imperf-1cs — Conjunction · verb hiphil infinitive construct first person common singularHC/Vhc1cs
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
בְּדִיל (bdiyl) refers to alloy, tin, or dross, indicating a material that is often removed by smelting. The term is associated with the concept of tin, and it can also metaphorically relate to Israel. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
בְּדִיל n.[m.] alloy, tin, dross
alloy
tin (plumbum album)
plummet
base
H913 בְּדִיל alloy, tin, dross
913 bdiyl bed-eel'
from 914; alloy (because removed by smelting); by analogy,
tin:--+ plummet, tin.
see HEBREW for 0914
בְּדִיל (be.dil) — tin.
1) alloy, tin, dross
1a) of Israel (metaph.)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2fs
