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Isaiah 3:13 — Word Study

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WLCנִצָּ֥ב לָרִ֖יב יְהוָ֑ה וְעֹמֵ֖ד לָדִ֥ין עַמִּֽים׃

BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] arisesnâtsab [stands up, takes a stance] to contendrîyb [to plead, prosecute his case] He standsʻâmad [positions Himself, takes a strong stance] to judgedîyn [to plead a cause, govern] the peopleʻam [nations, a multitude]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 3
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.Mim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 3:13quick helps
In a sentenceThe LORD takes His stand to argue against His people and to judge them.
Who is speakingThe LORD, identified as Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel.
Where we areThe context is a declaration of God's judgment against the leaders and people of Israel.
The hard wordנִצָּ֥ב
Take awayGod is actively involved in the affairs of His people, standing to judge them.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectיהוה verbנָצַב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 3:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of God Against His Peoplegenerated

12Youths oppress My people, and women rule over them. O My people, your guides mislead you; they turn you from your paths.
13The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people.
14The LORD brings this charge against the elders and leaders of His people: “You have devoured the vineyard; the plunder of the poor is in your houses.
15Why do you crush My people and grind the faces of the poor?” declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.

Isaiah 3:13 presents a scene where the LORD arises to contend with His people, indicating His active role in judgment. This verse emphasizes God’s authority and the seriousness of the situation, as He stands to address the injustices committed by the leaders and the people of Israel. The surrounding verses describe the oppression and misguidance faced by the people, highlighting the need for divine intervention and justice.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 12:5“For the cause of the oppressed and for the groaning of the needy, I will now arise,” says the LORD. “I will bring safety to him who yearns.”
2Proverbs 22:22–23Do not rob a poor man because he is poor, and do not crush the afflicted at the gate,
3Proverbs 23:10–11Do not move an ancient boundary stone or encroach on the fields of the fatherless,
4Hosea 4:1–2Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the people of the land: “There is no truth, no loving devotion, and no knowledge of God in the land!
5Micah 6:2Hear, O mountains, the LORD’s indictment, you enduring foundations of the earth. For the LORD has a case against His people, and He will argue it against Israel:

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word נִצָּ֥ב, ni.Tzavgenerated

The verb נָצַב (natzav) means to stand or take one's stand, indicating a position of authority or readiness to act. It is a Niphal participle in the masculine singular form, suggesting that the subject, the LORD, is actively standing firm in His role as judge.

This word can convey both physical and metaphorical standing, such as being appointed to a task or standing firm in a position. In this context, it reflects God's determination to confront the wrongdoings of His people.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb נִצָּ֥ב governs the main action of the verse, with two additional clauses detailing the purpose of His action. The structure emphasizes God's active role in judgment.

The first clause introduces the subject, the LORD, followed by two infinitive phrases that explain His actions: to contend and to judge. This arrangement highlights the seriousness of God's intention to address the people's behavior.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb נִצָּ֥ב is rendered as καταστήσεται, which suggests a strong sense of establishing or appointing. This choice indicates a focus on God's authoritative position in the act of judgment.

The Greek word κρίσιν for both instances of judgment aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the legal and authoritative aspect of God's actions.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 3:13 shows the LORD standing up to argue against the people of Israel and to judge them. This verse highlights God's active role in confronting injustice and the need for accountability among His people.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the LORD arises to contend?

It signifies God's active involvement in addressing the wrongdoings of His people, taking a stand against injustice.

Why is judgment important in this context?

Judgment is crucial as it reflects God's desire for righteousness and accountability among His people, especially in the face of oppression.

How does this verse relate to the surrounding verses?

This verse is part of a larger passage that describes the failures of Israel's leaders and the oppression of the people, emphasizing the need for divine intervention.

What can we learn from God's judgment in this verse?

We learn that God is attentive to injustice and holds leaders accountable for their actions towards the people they govern.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see God's justice at work in my community?
  2. How can I better understand my role in standing up for justice like the LORD does?
  3. What actions can I take to ensure I am not contributing to injustice?
  4. How do I respond to God's call for accountability in my own life?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators, including Jerome, reflect on this verse to discuss God's judgment and the accountability of leaders among His people.

JeromeVer. 13, 14. c. 347–420
The Lord stands to judge: and he stands to judge the people. The Lord will come to judgment with the elders of his people, and with his princes.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 3 →
JeromeVerse 13 c. 347–420
My people, who call you blessed, themselves deceive you, and they scatter or disturb the path of your steps. He had called the scribes and Pharisees tax collectors, not teachers;
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 3 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 3:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The Lord standeth up to plead,.... His own cause, or the cause of his son against the Jews that rejected him, and the Scribes and Pharisees that led them to an ill opinion of him: and standeth to judge the people.

Read John Gill on Isaiah 3 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people. The Lord standeth up - no longer sitting in silence. To plead - "by fire and by His sword," and consuming judgments, so as, however, to leave a remnant.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 3 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The Lord standeth up; he will shortly and certainly stand up as a judge, to inquire into the cause, and to give sentence. To judge the people, i.e. to defend and deliver them, or to judge for them, as this phrase is oft used.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 3 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 3:13 The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.Ver. 13. The Lord standeth up to plead.] Or, To debate, to argue the case, and to hear pleas. He is content, for the clearing of his justice and conviction of sinners, to submit his courses unto scanning. See Isaiah 5:3. Iudicate quaeso, Judge, I pray you. Wherefore I will yet plead with you, and with your children’ s children will I plead. But when that is done, He standeth to judge the people.] And the Lord will enter into judgment. Three various words are here made use of for judgment, to show, saith Oecolampadius, that God hath been, is, and shall be Judge, and that in his judgment, nihil relinquetar inexpensum…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 3 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) The Lord standeth up to plead . . .—The people may think that the prophet is their censor. He bids them know that Jehovah is their true accuser and their judge. “Ye,” he says, with all the emphasis of a sudden change of person, as if turning, as he spoke, to the nobles and elders, “ye have devoured the vineyard, ye have spoiled the poor.” (Comp. Isaiah 5:1-8; Proverbs 30:12-14.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 3 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 13. The people - "His people"] עמו ammo, Septuagint.

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 3 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13–15. A judgment scene, somewhat loosely connected with what has gone before, but expressing in another form the same sympathy with the oppressed which appears in Isaiah 3:12. Jehovah, at once accuser and judge, comes to vindicate the cause of the poor against their oppressors.

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 3 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The Lord standeth up - To “stand up” may mean the same as to “arise.” God would not sit in silence and see their wicked conduct; but he would come forth to inflict on them exemplary and deserved chastisement.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 3 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Yahweh stands up to contend, and stands to judge the peoples.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The LORD arises to contend; He stands to judge the people.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The Lord takes his position to judge; he stands up to pass sentence on his people.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Jehovah standeth up to contend, and standeth to judge the peoples.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the peoples.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The Lord standeth vp to pleade, yea, hee standeth to iudge the people.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Jehovah setteth himself to plead, and standeth to judge the peoples.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Jehovah hath stood up to plead, And He is standing to judge the peoples.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

YHWH has stood up to plead, || And He is standing to judge the peoples.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The Lord is stepped forth to plead, and standeth up to judge the people.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Yahweh stands up for an accusation; he is standing to accuse the people.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord standeth up to judge, and he standeth to judge the people.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The Lord stands up to prosecute his case. The Lord stands up to judge the people.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The Lord is ready to take up his cause against his people, and is about to come forward as their judge.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbנִצָּ֥ב[is].taking.his.standprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָtoclauseverbרִ֖יבconduct.a.casesubjectיְהוָ֑הYahwehוְandclauseverbעֹמֵ֖ד[he.is].standingprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָtoclauseverbדִ֥יןjudgeobjectעַמִּֽיםpeoples

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls all agree in their wording for this verse. The alignment in the texts demonstrates a consistent understanding of God's judgment against the people.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

נִצָּ֥ב לָרִ֖יב יְהוָ֑ה וְעֹמֵ֖ד לָדִ֥ין עַמִּֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
נִצָּ֥בκαταστήσεταιלָרִ֖יבκρίσινיְהוָ֑הκύριοςוְעֹמֵ֖דστήσειלָדִ֥יןκρίσινעַמִּֽים׃λαὸν

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

נצב לריב יהוה עומד לדין עמים

6 words on the leather.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 3:13נָצַב[is] taking[is] taking hisנָצַברִיבto conduct to conduct a caרִיביהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהעָמַדand [is] stand [is] standiעָמַדדִּיןto judgeto judgeדִּיןעַםpeoplespeoplesעַםהָיָהto beto beהָיָהעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםפֶּ֫תַחentranceentranceפֶּ֫תַחקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָארִיבstrifestrifeרִיבנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאאֵ֫צֶלbesidebesideאֵ֫צֶלעָנָןcloudcloudעָנָןדִּיןjudgmentjudgmentדִּיןעָנִיafflictedafflictedעָנִי
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 3:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
נִצָּ֥בni.Tzav [is] taking his stand H5324 Verb · Niphal · participle (active) masculine singular
75× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stand or station oneself, either physically or as an appointed official. This word is used in various contexts, including setting up a monument or establishing a leader. It can also mean to stand firm or be established in a position.
Amplified meaning
stands up, takes a stance
Tyndale gloss
to stand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָצַב (natsab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stand or take one's stand, with various applications including to be stationed, appointed, or established. It can refer to standing upright, setting up a pillar, or fixing a boundary. The entries highlight its use in different forms, such as Niphal and Hiphil, indicating both active and passive meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָצַב] vb. Niph. take one's stand, stand

Niph.

station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose

stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)

take an upright position, stand

be stationed = appointed over

Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)

stand firm

Hiph.

station, set

set up, erect pillar

cause to stand erect, waters

fix, establish boundary

Hoph. fixed, determined

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5324 נָצַב Niph. take one's stand, stand . . . station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose

. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)

. take an upright position, stand

. be stationed = appointed over

. Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)

. stand firm

. . station, set

. set up, erect pillar

. cause to stand erect, waters

. fix, establish boundary

. fixed, determined

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5324 natsab naw-tsab'

a prim root; to station, in various applications (literally

or figuratively):--appointed, deputy, erect, establish, X

Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar,

present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish,

(make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָצַב (na.tsav) — to stand.

1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand

1a2) to stand, be stationed

1a3) to stand, take an upright position

1a4) to be stationed, be appointed

1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst)

1a6) to stand firm

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to station, set

1b2) to set up, erect

1b3) to cause to stand erect

1b4) to fix, establish

1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal — Verb · Niphal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVNrmsa
[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
לָרִ֖יבla.Riv to conduct a case H7378 Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
67× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to argue or contend with someone, like in a lawsuit or a heated debate. It is used in various forms, such as physically fighting or verbally complaining. This concept appears in books like Genesis and Exodus.
Amplified meaning
to plead, prosecute his case
Tyndale gloss
to contend
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רִיב (riyb) means to strive or contend, often in a figurative sense of grappling or wrangling. It can refer to physical struggle, verbal disputes, legal cases, or complaints. The entries indicate that it encompasses a range of meanings from quarreling to defending one's position. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רִיב vb. strive, contend

Qal strive

Hiph. (those) displaying contention against him

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7378 רִיב strive, contend

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7378 riyb reeb

or ruwb {roob}; a primitive root; properly, to toss, i.e.

grapple; mostly figuratively, to wrangle, i.e. hold a

controversy; (by implication) to defend:--adversary, chide,

complain, contend, debate, X ever, X lay wait, plead, rebuke,

strive, X thoroughly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רִיב (riv) — to contend.

1) to strive, contend

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to strive

1a1a) physically

1a1b) with words

1a2) to conduct a case or suit (legal), sue

1a3) to make complaint

1a4) to quarrel

1b) (Hiphil) to contend against

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
HR/Vqcc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kas: Ordinarily to describe the circumstances or condition of things; sometimes, juridically (aitia, Mt 19:10; Ac 25:14), as that for which a reckoning has to be given, as frequently the Latin res. In Ex 5:19, "they were in evil case," is interpreted by the Revised Version (British and American) as "were set on mischief."

[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
יְהוָ֑הYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, The covenant Name of God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
וְעֹמֵ֖דve.'o.Med and [is] standing H5975 Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
521× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means 'to stand' in a strong sense, like in Exodus 17:12 where Moses stood with his arms up to help Israel win a battle.
Amplified meaning
positions Himself, takes a strong stance
Tyndale gloss
to stand: stand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָמַד (amad) means to stand and encompasses a variety of related actions such as remaining, enduring, and taking a stand. It can refer to both literal and figurative stances, including presenting oneself or being appointed. The word appears in various contexts, including standing still, ceasing movement, and even serving. There are different forms of the verb, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, each with specific nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָמַד 620 take one's stand, stand

Qal 435

take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude

stand forth

take a stand against, in opposition to

present oneself before

attend upon, be(come) servant of

stand afar

stand (silent)

stand (appealingly)

stand, subj. רֶגֶל

stand, of water

stand still, stop, cease moving

= be inactive

= be attentive

stop, cease doing a thing

tarry, delay

remain

continue, abide

endure

be steadfast

persist

make a stand, hold one's ground

stand upright

arise, appear, come on the scene

stand forth, appear = come into being

rise up as foe

rare usages

Hiph.

83station, set

cause to stand firm

cause to stand up, set up, erect

present one before king

appoint

other meanings

Hoph. be presented

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5975 עָמַד take one's stand, stand .. . take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude

. stand forth

. take a stand against, in opposition to

. present oneself before

. attend upon, be(come) servant of

. stand afar

. stand (silent)

. stand (appealingly)

. stand, subj. רֶגֶל

. stand, of water

. . stand still, stop, cease moving

. = be inactive

. = be attentive

. stop, cease doing a thing

. . tarry, delay

. remain

. continue, abide

. endure

. be steadfast

. persist

. make a stand, hold one's ground

. stand upright

. . arise, appear, come on the scene

. stand forth, appear = come into being

. rise up as foe

. rare usages

. . station, set

. cause to stand firm

. cause to stand up, set up, erect

. present one before king

. appoint

. other meanings

. be presented

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5975 `amad aw-mad'

a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and

figurative, intransitive and transitive):--abide (behind),

appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed,

endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be)

present (self), raise up, remain, repair, + serve, set (forth,

over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-)stand (by,

fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָמַד (a.mad) — to stand: stand.

: stand/stop/establish

1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of

1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease

1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast

1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground

1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright

1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against

1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to station, set

1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain

1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect

1b4) to present (one) before (king)

1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
HC/Vqrmsa
[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
לָדִ֥יןla.Din to judge H1777 Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To judge or plead a cause is the meaning of this Hebrew word, used to describe acting as a judge or governing.
Amplified meaning
to plead a cause, govern
Tyndale gloss
to judge
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דִּין (diyn) means to judge or govern, encompassing actions like executing judgment, pleading a cause, and contending. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating both active and passive roles in judgment and strife. Strong's entry also notes a connection to a straight course, particularly in Genesis 6:3.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דִּין vb. judge

Qal

act as judge, minister judgment

plead the cause

execute judgment, vindicate

execute judgment, requite

govern

he cannot contend with one mightier than he

Niph. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1777 דִּין judge .. act as judge, minister judgment

. plead the cause

. execute judgment, vindicate

. execute judgment, requite

. govern

. he cannot contend with one mightier than he

. and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1777 diyn deen

or (Gen. 6:3) duwn {doon}; a primitive roy a straight course,

i.e. sail direct:--(come) with a straight course.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דִּין (din) — to judge.

1) to judge, contend, plead

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to act as judge, minister judgment

1a2) to plead a cause

1a3) to execute judgment, requite, vindicate

1a4) to govern

1a5) to contend, strive

1b) (Niphal) to be at strife, quarrel

Aramaic equivalent: din (דִּין "to judge" H1778)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
HR/Vqcc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

juj (shopheT; New Testament dikastes, krites): In the early patriarchal times the heads of families and the elders of the tribes were the judges (compare Ge 38:24), and their authority was based on custom. In the wilderness Moses alone was the judge until Jethro suggested a scheme of devolution. On his advice Moses divided the people into groups of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, and over each group a wise and good man was set as a judge. Thereafter only the most important cases were brought before Moses (Ex 18:13-26; De 1:9-17). This arrangement ceased to be practicable when the children of Israel settled down in Canaan. Although David took counsel with the heads of thousands and hundreds (

Judge

(Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul (Judg. 2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. “The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim (Num. 27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Appointed by the Persians Ezr 7:25

→ Kings and other rulers as 2Sa 8:15; 15:2; 1Ki 3:16-28; 10:9; 2Ki 8:1-6; Ps 72:1-4; Mt 27:11-26; Ac 23:34,35; 24; 25:11,12

→ Priests and Levites as De 17:9; 2Ch 19:8; Eze 44:23,24; Mt 26:57-62

[is] taking his stand to conduct a case Yahweh and [is] standing to judge peoples
עַמִּֽים׃'a.Mim peoples H5971 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Amplified meaning
nations, a multitude
Tyndale gloss
Amaw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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