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Isaiah 7:25 — Word Study

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WLCוְכֹ֣ל הֶהָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּן לֹֽא־ תָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה יִרְאַ֖ת שָׁמִ֣יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְהָיָה֙ לְמִשְׁלַ֣ח שׁ֔וֹר וּלְמִרְמַ֖ס שֶֽׂה׃ פ

BSAFor fearyirʼâh [reverence, awe] of the briersshâmîyr [thornbushes, wild growth] and thornsshayith [sharp stones, possibly diamonds] you will no longerlôʼ traversebôwʼ [walk, travel] the hillshar [mountains, high places] once tilledʻădar [cultivated, dug] by the hoemaʻdêr [mattock, farming tool] they will becomehâyâh [places] for oxenshôwr [areas, regions, cattle, bulls] to grazemishlôwach [feed, pasture] and sheepseh [goats] to tramplemirmâç [tread, walk on]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 25 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Seh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 7:25quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes a land overgrown with briers and thorns, leading to a loss of cultivation and a change in its use.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying God's message about the consequences of fear.
Where we areIn a prophetic warning about the state of the land and its future.
The hard wordיֵעָדֵר֔וּן, ye'adērūn
Take awayThe hills once cultivated will no longer be tended, becoming wild and untamed.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbבּוֹא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 16 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 7:25

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Consequences of Feargenerated

22and from the abundance of milk they give, he will eat curds; for all who remain in the land will eat curds and honey.
23And on that day, in every place that had a thousand vines worth a thousand shekels of silver, only briers and thorns will be found.
24Men will go there with bow and arrow, for the land will be covered with briers and thorns.
25For fear of the briers and thorns, you will no longer traverse the hills once tilled by the hoe; they will become places for oxen to graze and sheep to trample.

Isaiah 7:25 illustrates the impact of fear on the land, leading to neglect of once-tilled hills. The imagery of briers and thorns emphasizes the desolation that results when people turn away from cultivation. This serves as a warning about the spiritual and physical consequences of fear, as seen in the surrounding verses, including Isaiah 7:23 and Isaiah 7:24.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 7:21–22On that day a man will raise a young cow and two sheep,
2Isaiah 13:20–22She will never be inhabited or settled from generation to generation; no nomad will pitch his tent there, no shepherd will rest his flock there.
3Isaiah 17:2The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear.
4Zephaniah 2:6So the seacoast will become a land of pastures, with wells for shepherds and folds for sheep.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יֵעָדֵר֔וּן, ye'adērūngenerated

The verb יֵעָדֵר֔וּן (ye'adērūn) is in the Niphal stem, indicating a passive action, meaning 'they will be hoed' or 'cultivated.' This form suggests that the action is being done to the subject rather than by the subject, emphasizing the loss of human agency in caring for the land.

The parsing as a third person masculine plural imperfect verb indicates an ongoing or future action. In this context, it highlights the abandonment of cultivation due to fear, leading to the transformation of the land.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses you will no longer traverse to convey the idea of ceasing to cultivate the land.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וְהָיָה֙, and it will become, governs the sentence, indicating a future state. The structure includes a conditional clause about fear and several noun phrases detailing the state of the land and its new purpose.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the consequences of fear first, followed by the description of the land's transformation, showing the cause-and-effect relationship clearly.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יֵעָדֵר֔וּן as ἀροτριαθήσεται, indicating a focus on the idea of cultivation. This choice aligns with the agricultural context but may imply a more active engagement than the Hebrew's passive sense.

This translation choice reflects a broader interpretation of the land's condition, suggesting that it will not only be uncultivated but also actively used for grazing.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 7:25 describes how fear of briers and thorns will lead to the abandonment of hills that were once cultivated. The land will become overgrown and will serve as pastureland for oxen and a trampling place for sheep.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the fear of briers and thorns signify?

It represents a loss of courage and the consequences of neglecting the land, leading to its wild state.

Why will the hills no longer be traversed?

The fear of the overgrown thorns and briers will prevent people from tending to the land.

What does it mean for the land to become a grazing place?

It indicates a shift from cultivated land to wild, untamed areas used for livestock, symbolizing loss and abandonment.

How does this verse relate to the surrounding context?

It illustrates the broader theme of neglect and desolation in the land due to fear, as seen in the preceding verses.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do fears in my life prevent me from cultivating my own potential?
  2. In what areas do I see neglect due to fear, and how can I address them?
  3. What steps can I take to cultivate the 'hills' in my life that I have abandoned?
  4. How can I support others who are struggling with fear and neglect in their lives?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 7:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And [on] all hills that shall be digged with the mattock,.... Which could not be ploughed with a plough, but used to be dug with a mattock or spade, and then sowed with corn: there shall not come

Read John Gill on Isaiah 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

That shall be digged; or, that were digged, to wit, formerly; that used to be digged and dressed for the planting of vines, or other choice fruit trees. There shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: the words thus rendered sound like a promise, but that doth no way agree with the scope of the place. And they may be, and are by some, understood not of briers and thorns growing in those grounds, which would hinder the feeding of cattle there, but of such wherewith they were fenced, and by which the cattle were affrighted or hindered from breaking into them, which cause of their fear being now removed by the general devastation, they might now enter there, and feed at pleasure…

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 7:25 And [on] all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.Ver. 24. And on all the hills that shall be digged, &c.] A good translation of a text is instead of a good commentary. Some very learned render the words thus: And on the hills that had wont to be digged with mattock or spade, that no fear of brier or thorn might come thither, shall a place also be for sending in of oxen and the treading of lesser cattle; which shall range and graze freely, say they by way of gloss, after their wonted manner in those places, from whence they and…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 7 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(25) And on all hills that shall be digged . . .—Better, “that are digged” or that used to be digged with the hoe. The picture of devastation is completed. On the hill-sides, every inch of which was once brought under careful vine culture, “Thou wilt not enter for fear of thorns and briars” i.e., thou wilt not venture on the task of tilling the soil in face of such disarrangements. What would be the use of hoeing such a tangled mass of brushwood? At the best it must be left for such pasturage as oxen and sheep might find there as they browsed, and they by their trampling should but increase the mischief. The rendering of the Authorised version conveys the thought that where there was the…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

25. And on all hills … mattock] And as for all the hills that used to be hoed with the mattock. Such hills were the best sites for vineyards (ch. Isaiah 5:2). there shall not come thither the fear …] This could only mean, in the present connexion, that there would be no more anxiety about thorns, &c., because the place was hopelessly overgrown by them. It is better to render with R.V. thou shalt not come thither for fear of, &c., although the construction is certainly harsh. Or the words might be taken as a continuation of the relative clause, thus: “And as for … mattock, whither no fear of thorns, &c. used to come, it shall be, &c.” This is perhaps preferable. for the sending forth of…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And on all hills ... - All the fertile places in the mountains that used to be cultivated with the spade.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

For fear of the briers and thorns, you will no longer traverse the hills once tilled by the hoe; they will become places for oxen to graze and sheep to trample.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

All the hills that were cultivated with the hoe, you shall not come there for fear of briers and thorns; but it shall be for the sending out of oxen, and for sheep to tread on.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

For fear of the briers and thorns, you will no longer traverse the hills once tilled by the hoe; they will become places for oxen to graze and sheep to trample.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated, for fear of the thorns and briers. Cattle will graze there and sheep will trample on them.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And all the hills that were digged with the mattock, thou shalt not come thither for fear of briers and thorns; but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of sheep.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And all the hills that were digged with the mattock; thou shalt not come thither for fear of briers and thorns, but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of sheep.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But on all the mountaines, which shalbe digged with the mattocke, there shall not come thither the feare of briers and thornes: but they shalbe for the sending out of bullocks, and for the treading of sheepe.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And all mountains that have been dug up with the hoe — thither will they not come, from fear of briars and thorns; and they shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of small cattle.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And all the hills that with a mattock are kept in order, Thither cometh not the fear of brier and thorn, And it hath been for the sending forth of ox, And for the treading of sheep!'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And all the hills that are kept in order with a mattock, || There does not come [for] fear of brier and thorn, || And it has been for the sending forth of ox, || And for the treading of sheep!

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And all mountains that are worked with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: and they shall serve for the pasture of oxen, and for the treading of sheep.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated with the hoe, for fear of the briers and thorns; but it will be a place where cattle and sheep graze.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And as for all the hills that shall be raked with a rake, the fear of thorns and briers shall not come thither, but they shall be for the ox to feed on, and the lesser cattle to tread upon.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

In fact, all the hills that were once tilled by the hoe you won't want to go to because you'll worry about the brambles and thorns there. They'll just be where cattle are let loose and where sheep roam.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And they will send out the oxen and the sheep on all the hills which before were worked with the spade, ... fear of blackberries and thorns.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseclausenoun phraseכֹ֣לallnoun phraseהֶthenoun phraseהָרִ֗יםhillsrelpאֲשֶׁ֤רwhichclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּwithnoun phrasetheמַּעְדֵּר֙hoeverb phrase · verbיֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּtheyןwere.hoedclauseadverbialלֹֽאnotverbתָב֣וֹאyou.will.goadverb phrase · adverbialשָׁ֔מָּthereה(to)noun phrase · adverbialיִרְאַ֖תfearnoun phraseשָׁמִ֣ירof.thorn[s]וָandשָׁ֑יִתbush[es]וְandclauseverbהָיָה֙it.will.becomeprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseלְ(into)noun phraseמִשְׁלַ֣חpasturelandשׁ֔וֹרof.ox[en]וּand.(into)prepositional phraseלְanoun phraseמִרְמַ֖סtrampling.placeשֶֽׂהof.sheep

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls largely agree in wording, with the 1Qisaa scroll matching closely. However, some scrolls contain restored words, indicating damage in the original text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְכֹ֣ל הֶהָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּן לֹֽא־ תָב֣וֹא שָׁ֔מָּה יִרְאַ֖ת שָׁמִ֣יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְהָיָה֙ לְמִשְׁלַ֣ח שׁ֔וֹר וּלְמִרְמַ֖ס שֶֽׂה׃ פ

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְכֹ֣לπᾶνהֶהָרִ֗יםὄροςבַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ἀροτριώμενονיֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּןἀροτριαθήσεταιלֹֽא־οὐתָב֣וֹאἐπέλθῃשָׁ֔מָּהἐκεῖיִרְאַ֖תφόβοςוָשָׁ֑יִתἀκάνθηςלְמִשְׁלַ֣חβόσκημαשׁ֔וֹרπροβάτουוּלְמִרְמַ֖סκαταπάτημαשֶֽׂה׃ פβοός

13 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

וכול ההרים אשר במעדר יעדרו׳ן לוא תבוא שמ׳ה יראת ברזל שמיר ושית תיהיה למשלח שור ולמרמס שה

17 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[וכל] [ההרים] [אשר] [במעדר] יעדרו׳ן לא תבו שמ׳ה [יראת] [שמיר] [ושית] [והיה] [למשלח] [שור] [ולמרמס] [שה]

2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 12 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q60a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[וכל] [ההרים] [אשר] [במעדר] יעדרו׳ן לא [תבוא] [שמ׳ה] [יראת] [שמיר] [ושית] [והיה] [למשלח] שור ולמרמס [שה]

2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 12 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 7:25כֹּלand alland allכֹּלהַרthe hillsthe hillsהַראֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁרמַעְדֵּרwith the howith the hoeמַעְדֵּרעָדַרthey were hthey were hoed עָדַרלֹאnotnotלֹאבּוֹאyou will goyou will goבּוֹאשָׁםtherethereשָׁםיִרְאָהfear offear ofיִרְאָהשָׁמִירthorn[s]thorn[s]שָׁמִירשַׁ֫יִתand bush[esand bush[es]שַׁ֫יִתהָיָהand it willand it will becהָיָהמִשְׁלַחpasturelandpastureland ofמִשְׁלַחשׁוֹרox[en]ox[en]שׁוֹרמִרְמָסand a trampand a tramplingמִרְמָסשֶׂהsheepsheepשֶׂהכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלעָדַרto helpto helpעָדַרשָׁמַרto keep: oto keep: obeyשָׁמַרשִׁיתto set: mato set: makeשִׁיתשָׁלַחto send: dto send: departשָׁלַחשׁוּרto travelto travelשׁוּררָמַסto trampleto trampleרָמַסשָׁאָהto crashto crashשָׁאָההַרmountainmountainהַראֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁריָרֵאafraidafraidיָרֵאהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהגִּבְעָהGibeatGibeatגִּבְעָהאֶפְרַ֫יִםEphraimEphraimאֶפְרַ֫יִםצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהמִלְחָמָהbattlebattleמִלְחָמָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 7:25

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
וְכֹ֣לve.Khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
הֶהָרִ֗יםhe.ha.Rim the hills H2022 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
546× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Amplified meaning
mountains, high places
Tyndale gloss
mountain: mount
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country

mountain, hill

hill-country, mountain-region

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2022 har har

a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills

(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X

promotion.

see HEBREW for 02042

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַר (har) — mountain: mount.

: mount/hill

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.

: hill_country

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

From the Hebrew Gibeah, meaning a curved round hill. But our translators have also employed the same English word for the very different term har , which has a much more extended sense than gibeah , meaning a whole district. For instance, in (Exodus 24:4) the "hill" is the same which is elsewhere in the same chapter, vs. (Exodus 24:12,13,18) etc., and book consistently and accurately rendered "mount" and "mountain." The "country of the hills," in (1:7; Joshua 9:1; 10:40; 11:16) is the elevated district of Judah, Benjamin and Ephraim, which is correctly called "the mountain" in the earliest descriptions of Palestine, (Numbers 13:29) and in many subsequent passages.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Perpetual Ge 49:26; Hab 3:6

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
אֲשֶׁ֤ר'a.Sher which H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ba.ma'.Der with the hoe H4576 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a farming tool, a type of hoe used for weeding. The KJV translates it as mattock, a tool for breaking up soil.
Amplified meaning
mattock, farming tool
Tyndale gloss
hoe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַעְדֵּר (ma`der) refers to a hoe or mattock, a tool used for weeding. The term is derived from the root עָדַר (adar). It appears in Isaiah 7:25, indicating its agricultural context.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַעְדֵּר n.[m.] hoe Is 7:25, v. foregoing [עָדַר].

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4576 מַעְדֵּר hoe, v. foregoing [עָדַר]

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4576 ma`der mah-dare'

from 5737; a (weeding) hoe:--mattock.

see HEBREW for 05737

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַעְדֵּר (ma.der) — hoe.

hoe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּןye.'A.de.Run they were hoed ! H5737 Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To lack means to not have enough of something or to be missing something. In the Bible, it can also mean to dig or to fail at something. This concept is used to describe various situations.
Amplified meaning
cultivated, dug
Tyndale gloss
to help
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָדַר (*adar*) is a primitive root with meanings related to helping, hoeing, and lacking. It can denote the action of hoeing a vineyard, as well as the state of being lacking or failing. Notably, it appears in Isaiah 5:6, where it refers to a vineyard that shall not be hoed.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָדַר] vb. prob. (si vera l.) help

base

[עָדַר] vb. hoe;—Niph. Is 5:6 it (the vineyard) shall not be hoed; 7:25 which used to be hoed with the hoe

ref

[עָדַר] vb. Niph. be lacking, fail

Niph. not anything was lacking to them

Pi. they left nothing lacking.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5737a עָדַר prob. (si vera l.) help H5737b [עָדַר] hoe H5737c עָדַר Niph. be lacking, fail

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5737 `adar aw-dar'

a primitive root; to arrange, as a battle, a vineyard (to

hoe); hence, to muster and so to miss (or find

wanting):--dig, fail, keep (rank), lack.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָדַר (a.dar) — to help.

1) to help

1a) (Qal) to help

עָדַר (a.dar) — to hoe.

1) to hoe

1a) (Niphal) to be hoed

עָדַר (a.dar) — to lack.

1) to be lacking, fail

1a)(Niphal)

1b1) to be lacking

1b1) to leave lacking

1b) (Piel) to leave lacking

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
HVNi3mp/Sn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
לֹֽא־lo'- not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
תָב֣וֹאta.Vo' you will go H935 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singular
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Amplified meaning
walk, travel
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singular
HVqi2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(halakh, yalakh, bo', yatsa'; ago, hupago, anabaino, erchomi, aperchomai, poreuomai): "Go" ("went," etc.) occurs very frequently in the English Bible, and is the translation of a great many different Hebrew and Greek terms. As the word implies movement of all kinds, physical and mental, it has naturally many applications.

1. In the Old Testament:

In the Old Testament halakh and yalakh are among the commonest words, meaning "to go" in its original sense of "to walk," but also in the most varied senses, according to the verbal conjugations, etc., the preposition attached, and the words in connection with which the terms stand; halakh and yalakh are often used figuratively (translated "to walk," etc.) for to live, to pursue a way of life, e.g. "to walk ever in his ways" (De 19:9; compare

Mt 9:13; 21:28; 28:7; Lu 10:37; Joh 8:11

--SEE Divine Direction, GUIDANCE

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
שָׁ֔מָּהSha.mah there H8033 Adverb · suffix
834× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.
Tyndale gloss
there
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁם adv. there, thither

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8033 שָׁם there, thither

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8033 sham shawm

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or

thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +

thither, + whither.

see HEBREW for 0834

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁם (sham) — there.

1) there, thither

1a) there

1b) thither (after verbs of motion)

1c) from there, thence

1d) then (as an adverb of time)

Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)

שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

This name means there, thither

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HD/Sd — Adverb · suffix
HD/Sd
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
יִרְאַ֖תyir.'At fear of H3374 Noun common · feminine singular construct
45× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word for fear can also mean reverence or respect, especially when it comes to God. It's used to describe a feeling of awe or terror, and is often translated as 'fear' or 'dreadful' in the KJV.
Amplified meaning
reverence, awe
Tyndale gloss
fear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יִרְאָה (yir'ah) is a feminine noun meaning 'fear' or 'terror,' encompassing both the emotion and the concept of reverence, particularly in relation to God. It can denote an object that causes fear or the respect and piety associated with divine authority. The entries highlight its moral and emotional dimensions without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יִרְאָה n.f. fear

fear, terror

a terror = obj. of terror

fear of God, reverence, piety

the fear of י׳ the law as revered.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3374 יִרְאָה fear

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3374 yir'ah yir-aw'

feminine of 3373; fear (also used as infinitive); morally,

reverence:--X dreadful, X exceedingly, fear(-fulness).

see HEBREW for 03373

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יִרְאָה (yir.ah) — fear.

1) fear, terror, fearing

1a) fear, terror

1b) awesome or terrifying thing (object causing fear)

1c) fear (of God), respect, reverence, piety

1d) revered

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
שָׁמִ֣ירsha.Mir thorn[s] H8068 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A thorn or sharp stone, also possibly a diamond due to its sharpness. This word is used in Exodus 28:18 and Ezekiel 28:13 to describe precious stones and in Matthew 13:7 to describe thorns that choke out God's word.
Amplified meaning
thornbushes, wild growth
Tyndale gloss
thorn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁמִיר (shamir) refers to thorns, adamant, and flint. It is built from the root meaning of pricking, and can also denote a sharp stone or possibly a diamond. The entries collectively highlight its sharpness and toughness, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁמִיר n.m. thorn(s), adamant, flint

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8068 שָׁמִיר thorn(s), adamant, flint

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8068 shamiyr shaw-meer'

from 8104 in the original sense of pricking; a thorn; also

(from its keenness for scratching) a gem, probably the

diamond:--adamant (stone), brier, diamond.

see HEBREW for 08104

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמִיר (sha.mir) — thorn.

1) thorn(s), adamant, flint

1a) thorns, thorn-bushes

1b) adamant (as sharp)

1c) a sharp stone, flint

1c1) perhaps a diamond

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
וָשָׁ֑יִתva.Sha.yit and bush[es] H7898 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a thornbush or a wild growth of weeds and briers. It's used in the Bible to talk about the wilderness or untamed areas of the earth. In the book of Isaiah, it symbolizes a place of desolation.
Amplified meaning
sharp stones, possibly diamonds
Tyndale gloss
thornbush
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁ֫יִת (shayith) refers to thorn-bushes or wild growth of weeds and briers, derived from a root meaning scrub or trash. The entries consistently describe it as a collective noun for thornbushes, indicating its use in contexts related to thorny vegetation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁ֫יִת n.[m.]coll. thorn-bushes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7898 שַׁ֫יִת thorn-bushes

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7898 shayith shah'-yith

from 7896; scrub or trash, i.e. wild growth of weeds or

briers (as if put on the field):--thorns.

see HEBREW for 07896

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁ֫יִת (sha.yit) — thornbush.

thorn bushes

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
וְהָיָה֙ve.ha.Yah and it will become H1961 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-kum':

(1) Greek ginomai, used in New Testament for a change of state, corresponding to Hebrew hayah of Old Testament. Compare Mt 18:3 with De 27:9.

(2) For what is fitting, suitable, proper, in New Testament: "prepei" (Mt 3:15; Eph 5:3; 1Ti 2:10); in Old Testament, na'awah, na'ah, Ps 93:5: "Holiness becometh thy house." in this sense, the adverb "becomingly" must be interpreted: "Walk becomingly toward them that are without" (1Th 4:12), i.e. in a way that is consistent with your profession.

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
לְמִשְׁלַ֣חle.mish.Lach pastureland of H4916 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means sending or presenting something, like an offering to God or a message to someone. It is used in various contexts, including Genesis and Psalms. The word can also mean a place of dismissal or a task to be done.
Amplified meaning
feed, pasture
Tyndale gloss
sending
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִשְׁלַח (mishlach) and מִשְׁלוֹחַ (mishloach) both relate to the concept of sending or outstretching. The entries indicate meanings such as a place of letting loose or a sending out, with implications of both favorable presentations and unfavorable seizures. The word is built from a root meaning 'to send out' and encompasses both abstract and concrete usages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִשְׁלַח n.[m.]

outstretching

place of letting loose

base

מִשְׁלוֹחַ n.[m.]

outstretching

sending

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4916a מִשְׁלַח . outstretching

. place of letting loose

H4916b מִשְׁלוֹחַ . outstretching

. sending

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4916 mishlowach mish-lo'-akh

or mishloach {mish-lo'-akh}; also mishlach {mish-lawkh'};

from 7971; a sending out, i.e. (abstractly) presentation

(favorable), or seizure (unfavorable); also (concretely) a

place of dismissal, or a business to be discharged:--to lay,

to put, sending (forth), to set.

see HEBREW for 07971

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִשְׁלַח (mish.lach) — sending.

outstretching

Also means: mish.lo.ach (מִשְׁלוֹחַ "sending" H4916B)

מִשְׁלוֹחַ (mish.lo.ach) — sending.

outstretching, sending, sending forth

Another spelling of mish.lach (מִשְׁלַח "sending" H4916A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
שׁ֔וֹרShor ox[en] H7794 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
79× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to cattle, like oxen or bulls, used for work, food, or sacrifices, as seen in Genesis and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
areas, regions, cattle, bulls
Tyndale gloss
cattle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שׁוֹר (shor) refers to a head of cattle, specifically a bullock or ox, and is associated with agricultural and sacrificial contexts. It is derived from the root meaning to travel, indicating its role in farming and food. The term appears in various forms and usages, including in Aramaic.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוֹר 78 n.m. a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7794 שׁוֹר a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7794 showr shore

from 7788; a bullock (as a traveller):--bull(-ock), cow, ox,

wall (by mistake for 7791).

see HEBREW for 07788

see HEBREW for 07791

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוֹר (shor) — cattle.

1) ox, bull, a head of cattle

1a) for plowing, for food, as sacrifice

Aramaic equivalent: tor (תּוֹר "bullock" H8450)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

at the beginning of many Hebrew words, signifies a spring or fountain.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A fountain compounded with many names of towns and places; as En- dor, En-gedi, En-eglaim, En-shemesh, that is, the fountain of Dor, etc.

and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
וּלְמִרְמַ֖סu.le.mir.Mas and a trampling place of H4823 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mirmas refers to the act of trampling or a trampling place, often used to describe being trodden down. It is used in various Bible verses to convey oppression or subjugation.
Amplified meaning
tread, walk on
Tyndale gloss
trampling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִרְמָס (mirmas) refers to a place of trampling or the act of trampling itself. It is derived from the root meaning to tread down or be trodden underfoot. The entries consistently highlight its association with abasement and trampling.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִרְמָס n.[m.] trampling-place, trampling

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4823 מִרְמָס trampling-place, trampling

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4823 mirmac meer-mawce'

from 7429; abasement (the act or the thing):--tread

(down)-ing, (to be) trodden (down) under foot.

see HEBREW for 07429

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִרְמָס (mir.mas) — trampling.

1) trampling place, trampling

1a) trampling place

1b) trampling

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/R/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the hills which with the hoe they were hoed ! not you will go there fear of thorn[s] and bush[es] and it will become pastureland of ox[en] and a trampling place of sheep
שֶֽׂה׃ פSeh sheep H7716 Noun common · both singular absolute
47× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a sheep or goat, often used to describe a flock or young animal in the Bible. It is also related to the word for lamb.
Amplified meaning
goats
Tyndale gloss
sheep
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׂה (seh) refers to a member of a flock, specifically a sheep or goat. It encompasses various terms for livestock, including lambs and young goats, and can also denote a collective group. The word is derived from a root meaning to push out to graze, indicating its pastoral context.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׂה n.m. and (less oft.) f. one of a flock, sheep (or goat)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7716 שֶׂה one of a flock, sheep (or goat)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7716 seh seh

or sey {say}; probably from 7582 through the idea of pushing

out to graze; a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or

goat:--(lesser, small) cattle, ewe, goat, lamb, sheep.

Compare 2089.

see HEBREW for 07582

see HEBREW for 02089

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׂה (seh) — sheep.

1) one of a flock, lamb, sheep, goat, young sheep, young goat

1a) sheep, goat

1b) flock (collective)

Also means: zeh (זֶה "lamb" H2089)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

shep:

1. Names:

The usual Hebrew word is tso'n, which is often translated "flock," e.g. "Abel .... brought of the firstlings of his flock" (Ge 4:4); "butter of the herd, and milk of the flock" (De 32:14). The King James Version and the English Revised Version have "milk of sheep." Compare Arabic da'n. The Greek word is probaton. For other names, see notes under CATTLE; EWE; LAMB; RAM.

2. Zoology:

The origin of domestic sheep is unknown. There are 11 wild species, the majority of which are found in Asia, and it is conceivable that they may have spread from the highlands of Central Asia to the other portions of their habitat. In North America is found the "bighorn," which is very closely related to a Kamschatkan species. One species, the urial or sha, is found in India. The Barbary…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sheep

Are of different varieties. Probably the flocks of Abraham and Isaac were of the wild species found still in the mountain regions of Persia and Kurdistan. After the Exodus, and as a result of intercourse with surrounding nations, other species were no doubt introduced into the herds of the people of Israel. They are frequently mentioned in Scripture. The care of a shepherd over his flock is referred to as illustrating God’s care over his people (Ps. 23:1, 2; 74:1; 77:20; Isa. 40:11; 53:6; John 10:1-5, 7-16).

“The sheep of Palestine are longer in the head than ours, and have tails from 5 inches broad at the narrowest part to 15 inches at the widest, the weight being in proportion, and ranging generally from 10 to 14 lbs.…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Sheep were an important part of the possessions of the ancient Hebrews and of eastern nations generally. The first mention of sheep occurs in (Genesis 4:2) They were used in the sacrificial offering,as, both the adult animal, (Exodus 20:24) and the lamb. See (Exodus 29:28; Leviticus 9:3; 12:6) Sheep and lambs formed an important article of food. (1 Samuel 25:18) The wool was used as clothing. (Leviticus 13:47) "Rams skins dyed red" were used as a covering for the tabernacle. (Exodus 25:5) Sheep and lambs were…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Of the Syrian sheep, according to Dr. Russell, there are two varieties; the one called Bedaween sheep, which differ in no respect from the larger kinds of sheep among us, except that their tails are somewhat longer and thicker; the others are those often mentioned by travellers on account of their extraordinary tails; and this species is by far the most numerous. The tail of one of these animals is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendage that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with the lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs from sixty to eighty pounds, of which the tail itself is usually ten or fifteen pounds, and when the animal is fattened, twice or thrice that weight, and very…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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