Isaiah 9:10 — Word Study
WLCלְבֵנִ֥ים נָפָ֖לוּ וְגָזִ֣ית נִבְנֶ֑ה שִׁקְמִ֣ים גֻּדָּ֔עוּ וַאֲרָזִ֖ים נַחֲלִֽיף׃
BSAto exaltsâgab The LordYᵉhôvâh Obj.ʼêth narrowtsar RezinRᵉtsîyn uponʻal Obj.ʼêth enemyʼôyêb to fenceçâkak
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לְבֵנִ֥ים | bricks | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| נָפָ֖לוּ | they have fallen | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| וְגָזִ֣ית | and hewn [stone] | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| נִבְנֶ֑ה | we will rebuild | Verb, Qal, imperfect first person common plural |
| שִׁקְמִ֣ים | sycamores | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| גֻּדָּ֔עוּ | they have been cut down | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| וַאֲרָזִ֖ים | and cedars | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| נַחֲלִֽיף׃ | we will substitute | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect first person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | “The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with finished stone; the sycamores have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.” |
| KJV | The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars. |
| ASV | The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stone; the sycomores are cut down, but we will put cedars in their place. |
| YLT | 'Bricks have fallen, and hewn work we build, Sycamores have been cut down, and cedars we renew.' |
| WEB | “The bricks have fallen, but we will build with cut stone. The sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place.” |
| BBE | The bricks have come down, but we will put up buildings of cut stone in their place: the sycamores are cut down, but they will be changed to cedars. |
All translations agree on the meaning of נִבְנֶ֑ה as 'we will rebuild.'
The verse consists of two main clauses, each followed by a resolution, emphasizing the contrast between destruction and hope.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectוְ
verbשָׂגַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 9:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The People's Response to Destructiongenerated
Isaiah 9:10 reflects the people's reaction to the calamities they face, expressing both despair over fallen structures and hope for renewal. They recognize the loss of bricks and trees but assert their intention to rebuild with stronger materials, indicating resilience and determination in the face of adversity.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Kings 7:9–12 | All these buildings were constructed with costly stones, cut to size and trimmed with saws inside and out from the foundation to the eaves, and from the outside to the great courtyard. |
| 2 | 1 Kings 10:27 | The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills. |
| 3 | Malachi 1:4 | Though Edom may say, “We have been devastated, but we will rebuild the ruins,” this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “They may build, but I will demolish. They will be called the Land of Wickedness, and a people with whom the LORD is indignant forever. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נִבְנֶ֑ה, niv.Nehgenerated
The verb בָּנָה (banah) means 'to build' and conveys the idea of constructing or establishing something anew. It can refer to physical structures, such as houses or cities, as well as metaphorical constructions, like communities or relationships.
In this verse, the imperfect form indicates an ongoing or future action, emphasizing the people's commitment to rebuild despite their current losses. This reflects a proactive stance in the face of destruction.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the meaning of נִבְנֶ֑ה as 'we will rebuild.' The BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all convey this future intention clearly.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of two main clauses, each describing a situation of loss followed by a resolution. The structure emphasizes the contrast between destruction and the intention to restore.
The first clause focuses on the fallen bricks and the intention to rebuild, while the second clause addresses the felled sycamores and the plan to substitute them with cedars.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew words with καὶ (and) for both the bricks and cedars, indicating a straightforward correspondence in meaning. This choice reflects a similar understanding of the need for restoration.
The Greek rendering maintains the essence of the Hebrew text, emphasizing the continuity of thought in the rebuilding process.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 9:10 shows the people acknowledging their losses but expressing determination to rebuild with stronger materials. They recognize the fallen bricks and sycamores but commit to using finished stone and cedars for their restoration.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The rebuilding signifies hope and resilience in the face of destruction, illustrating the people's determination to restore what has been lost.
Cedar trees are stronger and more durable than sycamores, symbolizing a desire for greater strength and permanence in their restoration efforts.
Bricks represent the initial structures that have fallen, while finished stones symbolize a more robust and intentional rebuilding effort.
This verse reflects the people's faith in their ability to overcome adversity and their commitment to renewal, despite the challenges they face.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to rebuild after experiencing loss or failure?
- How can I apply the principle of resilience seen in this verse to my own challenges?
- What does it mean to substitute something weaker with something stronger in my personal life?
- How can I support others in their rebuilding efforts after a setback?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators reflect on the themes of renewal and faith found in this verse, drawing parallels between the people's situation and their spiritual condition.
Whoever offers God his choicest goods is likened to Abel’s works, while the one who brings cheap things is likened to the works of Cain or to the one who laughed at his father and went to tell his two brothers,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 9 →
Because the prophet recognized that the Jewish people would perish from the faith and because he foresaw that there would arise within the church holy apostles,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 9 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 9:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe bricks are fallen down,.... Houses made of bricks, which were without the cities besieged and destroyed by the Assyrians; of which the haughty Israelites made no account, looking upon such a
Read John Gill on Isaiah 9 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars. The bricks are fallen down.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 9 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones. It is true, we have received some damages from our enemies; but Rezin and the Syrians being now our friends and confederates, we doubt not we shall quickly repair them with great glory and advantage. Sycomores; wild fig trees, a contemptible sort of trees, if compared with cedars, . We will change them into cedars; putting cedars into our buildings instead of sycomores. See ,15.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 9 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 9:10 The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change [them into] cedars.Ver. 10. The bricks are fallen down.] Not thrown down by Providence, but fallen down by fate or blind fortune. God is not so far honoured as once to be owned by these atheists, who think they can make their party good against him, and mend what he had marred, whether he would or not. Thus this giant-like generation; and the like impiety is in the corrupt nature of us all. For "as in water face answereth to face, so doth the heart of a man to a man," saith Solomon. The sycamores are cut down, &e.] Another proverbial speech to the same purpose.…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 9 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) The bricks are fallen down . . .—Sun-dried bricks and the cheap timber of the sycamore (1 Kings 10:27) were the common materials used for the dwellings of the poor, hewn stones and cedar for the palaces of the rich. Whatever injury Samaria had sustained (the words are too proverbially figurative to make literal interpretation probable), through the intervention of Tiglath-pileser, was, its rulers thought, but as the prelude to a great and more lasting victory even than that of 2 Chronicles 28:6.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 9 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. The bricks] "The eastern bricks," says Sir John Chardin, (see Harmer's Observ. I., p. 176,) "are only clay well moistened with water, and mixed with straw, and dried in the sun." So that their walls are commonly no better than our mud walls; see Maundrell, p. 124. That straw was a necessary part in the composition of this sort of bricks, to make the parts of the clay adhere together, appears from Exodus 5:7-19. These bricks are properly opposed to hewn stone, so greatly superior in beauty and durableness. The sycamores, which, as Jerome on the place says, are timber of little worth, with equal propriety are opposed to the cedars. "As the grain and texture of the sycamore is…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 9 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. It has been conjectured that these words are a fragment of a drinking song actually sung in Ephraim. They express the spirit of bravado which prevailed in the northern capital, cf. Amos 6:13; Hosea 7:9-10. It is, therefore, not necessary to refer them to any particular recent reverses, such as the inroads of Assyria which punished the ill-timed attack on Judah. From the time of the Syrian wars there had been abundant “occasion to use this proverb in Israel.” hewn stones] Cf. Amos 5:11. sycomores] The wood of the mulberry-fig, spongy but exceedingly durable, is still the cheapest and commonest building material in Palestine, cf. 1 Kings 10:27.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 9 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe bricks are fallen down - The language of this verse is figurative; but the sentiment is plain.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 9 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
“The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with finished stone; the sycamores have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.”
“The bricks have fallen, but we will build with cut stone. The sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place.”
“The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with finished stone; the sycamores have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.”
“The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will replace them with cedars.”
Tyndale line
The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars.
The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stone; the sycomores are cut down, but we will put cedars in their place.
The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stone: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars.
The bricks have fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones; the sycamores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars.
The brickes are fallen, but we will build it with hewen stones: the wilde figge trees are cut downe, but we will change them into ceders.
Strictly literal
The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones; the sycamore trees are cut down, but we will replace them with cedars.
'Bricks have fallen, and hewn work we build, Sycamores have been cut down, and cedars we renew.'
“Bricks have fallen, and we build hewn work, || Sycamores have been cut down, and we renew cedars.”
(9:9) “The bricks are fallen down, but with hewn stones will we re-build: the sycamores are cut down, but with cedars will we replace them.”
“The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place.”
From the Latin
The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with square stones: they have cut down the sycamores, but we will change them for cedars.
Simplified
“The brick buildings have collapsed, but we will rebuild them with dressed stone; the sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will replace them with cedars.”
The bricks have come down, but we will put up buildings of cut stone in their place: the sycamores are cut down, but they will be changed to cedars.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the overall message, although the Septuagint's wording differs slightly. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial matches, indicating some restoration and editorial involvement.
לְבֵנִ֥ים נָפָ֖לוּ וְגָזִ֣ית נִבְנֶ֑ה שִׁקְמִ֣ים גֻּדָּ֔עוּ וַאֲרָזִ֖ים נַחֲלִֽיף׃
5 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וישגב יהוה את צרי רציאן עלי׳ו ואת אויבי׳ו יסכסך
8 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
[וישגב] [יהוה] [את] צרי רצין [עלי׳ו] [ואת] [איבי׳ו] [יסכסך]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
[וישגב] [יהוה] [את] [צרי] [רצין] עלי׳ו ואת אויבי׳ו יסכסך
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 9:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
לְבֵנָה (lvenah) means 'brick' or 'tile' and refers to a building material, often associated with the whiteness of clay. It can also denote pavement. The word is derived from לָבַן (lavan), meaning 'white.'
לְבֵנָה n.f. brick, tile
brick, as building-material
= tile, on which plan of city could be engraved
= pavement
base
H3843 לְבֵנָה brick, tile
3843 lbenah leb-ay-naw'
from 3835; a brick (from the whiteness of the clay):--(altar
of) brick, tile.
see HEBREW for 03835
לְבֵנָה (le.ve.nah) — brick.
1) tile, brick
1a) brick
1b) tile
1c) pavement
Also spelled: liv.nah (לִבְנָה "brick" H3840)
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
Bricks
The making of, formed the chief labour of the Israelites in Egypt (Ex. 1:13, 14). Those found among the ruins of Babylon and Nineveh are about a foot square and four inches thick. They were usually dried in the sun, though also sometimes in kilns (2 Sam. 12:31; Jer. 43:9; Nah. 3:14). (See NEBUCHADNEZZAR.)
The bricks used in the tower of Babel were burnt bricks, cemented in the building by bitumen (Gen. 11:3).
Were usually made of clay, dried and hardened in the sun, Ge 11:3, though brick-kilns were sometimes used, 2Sa 12:31 Na 3:14. The tower of Babel was constructed of brick, cemented with bitumen. The bricks used were often a foot square; and great numbers of them are found, both in Babylon and Egypt, impressed with some royal or priestly stamp. The principal subject of interest connected with brick making is the fact that it was the labor in which the Hebrews in Egypt were most oppressed. On the monuments of Egypt, all the parts of this hard and ancient task-work are painted-the carrying, tempering, and molding of the clay, and the drying and pilling of the bricks-all done by foreigners under the orders of taskmasters. The straw…
נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.
נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie
Qal 366
fall, by accident
Esp. of violent death
fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
fig. = experience calamity
fall, of a city
Fall prostrate
fall = prostrate oneself before
fall upon one's neck, in embrace
Fall upon = attack
desert or fall away to, go over to
Fig., of deep sleep
Other idiomatic uses
= lie; = lie prostrate
Hiph.
cause to fall
Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
Esp. of casting lot
Fig., let drop, cause to fail
cause deep sleep to fall
Other idioms
Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself
base
H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident
. . Esp. of violent death
. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
. fig. = experience calamity
. fall, of a city
. . Fall prostrate
. fall = prostrate oneself before
. fall upon one's neck, in embrace
. . Fall upon = attack
. desert or fall away to, go over to
. Fig., of deep sleep
. Other idiomatic uses
. = lie; = lie prostrate
. . cause to fall
. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
. Esp. of casting lot
. Fig., let drop, cause to fail
. cause deep sleep to fall
. Other idioms
. throw, or prostrate oneself
5307 naphal naw-fal'
a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications
(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be
accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide
(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall
(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have
(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay
(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,
lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make
to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
see HEBREW for 06419
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.
: fall/drop/fail
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before
1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of
1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result
1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to
1a7) to lie, lie prostrate
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate
1b2) to overthrow
1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot
1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)
1b5) to cause to fall
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon
1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself
1d) (Pilel) to fall
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.
: deserting
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
The Hebrew word גָּזִית (*gaziyth*) refers to something that is cut or hewn, specifically dressed stone. It is derived from the root meaning to cut, and its usage is primarily associated with stonework.
גָּזִית n.f. a cutting, hewing
base
H1496 גָּזִית cutting, hewing
1496 gaziyth gaw-zeeth'
from 1491; something cut, i.e. dressed stone:--hewed, hewn
stone, wrought.
see HEBREW for 01491
גָּזִית (ga.zit) — cutting.
a cutting, hewing
HC/Ncfsa — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
Stone
Stones were commonly used for buildings, also as memorials of important events (Gen. 28:18; Josh. 24:26, 27; 1 Sam. 7:12, etc.). They were gathered out of cultivated fields (Isa. 5:2; comp. 2 Kings 3:19). This word is also used figuratively of believers (1 Pet. 2:4, 5), and of the Messiah (Ps. 118:22; Isa. 28:16; Matt. 21:42; Acts 4:11, etc.). In…
The allusion in Re 2:17 may be to the practice at the Olympic games of giving the successful competitor a white stone, inscribed with his name and the value of his prize; or to the mode of balloting with black and white stones on the question of the acquittal of an accused person, or his admission to certain privileges; if the stones deposited in the urn by the judges were all white, the decision was favorable. In early ages, flint-stone knives were in common use, instead of steel, Ex 4:25 Jos 5:2.
It was also customary to raise a heap or mound of stones in commemoration of any remarkable event, Ge 31:46 Jos 4:5-7 7:26 8:29…
The Hebrew word בָּנָה (banah) means "to build" and encompasses various forms such as rebuilding, establishing, and making permanent. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of restored exiles. The entries indicate that it can also imply being built up, particularly in the context of a childless wife becoming a mother.
בָּנָה 373 vb. build
Qal build
Niph.
be built
be rebuilt
(fig.) of restored exiles, = established
established, made permanent
base
H1129 בָּנָה build .build
.. . be built
. be rebuilt
. . (fig.) of restored exiles, = established
. established, made permanent
1129 banah baw-naw'
a primitive root; to build (literally and
figuratively):--(begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make,
repair, set (up), X surely.
בָּנָה (ba.nah) — to build.
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild
1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built
1b2) to be rebuilt
1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)
1b4) established (made permanent)
1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
HVqi1cp — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common pluralHVqi1cp
שִׁקְמָה (shiqmah) refers to a sycamore tree, specifically one that bears figs. The entries indicate that its derivation is uncertain, but it consistently denotes the same type of tree across sources.
[שִׁקְמָה] n.f. sycomore tree
base
H8256 [שִׁקְמָה] sycomore tree
8256 shaqam shaw-kawm'
or (feminine) shiqmah {shik-maw'}; of uncertain derivation; a
sycamore (usually the tree):--sycamore (fruit, tree).
שִׁקְמָה (shiq.mah) — sycamore.
sycamore tree (bearing figs)
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
גָּדַע (gada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut down or hew off. It encompasses various forms of cutting, including chopping and felling trees, and can imply destruction. The word appears in different grammatical forms, such as Qal (to hew), Niphal (to be hewn off), and Piel (to cut off).
גָּדַע vb. hew, hew down or off
Qal hew, cut in two
Niph. be hewn off
Pi. hew off, down, in two
Pu. hew down
base
H1438 גָּדַע hew, hew down or off
1438 gada` gaw-dah'
a primitive root; to fell a tree; generally, to destroy
anything:--cut (asunder, in sunder, down, off), hew down.
גָּדַע (ga.da) — to cut down/off.
1) to cut, hew, chop, cut down, hew down, hew off, cut off, cut in two, shave off
1a) (Qal) to hew, chop in two
1b) (Niphal) to be chopped off, be hewn off
1c) (Piel) to cut off or down in two, hew off or down in two
1d) (Pual) to chop down, hew down
HVPp3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
The Hebrew word אֶ֫רֶז (*erez*) means 'cedar' and refers to the cedar tree, its timber, and its use in building and purification. It is derived from a root indicating the tenacity of its roots. The entries consistently highlight its significance in construction and ritual practices.
אֶ֫רֶז n.m. cedar
cedar-tree
cedar-timber, cedar-wood for building
cedar-wood used in purification
base
H730 אֶ֫רֶז cedar
730 'erez eh-rez'
from 729; a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its
roots):--cedar (tree).
see HEBREW for 0729
אֶ֫רֶז (e.rez) — cedar.
1) cedar
1a) cedar tree
1b) cedar timber, cedar wood (in building)
1c) cedar wood (in purifications)
HC/Ncmpa — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
חָלַף (chalaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pass on or away, with various nuances including to hasten, sprout anew, or change. It can refer to physical movement, such as passing through, as well as metaphorical changes like transgression or renewal. The word appears in poetic contexts and has different forms indicating causation or transformation.
חָלַף vb. pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.)
Qal
pass on quickly
pass away, vanish
of grass, come on anew, i.e. sprout again
trans.
pass through, i.e. pierce
overstep, transgress
Pi. (cause to pass) change
Hiph.
change (trans.)
shew newness
base
H2498 חָלַף pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) .. . pass on quickly
. pass away, vanish
. of grass, come on anew, i.e. sprout again
. trans. . pass through, i.e. pierce
. overstep, transgress
. (cause to pass) change
. . change (trans.)
. shew newness
2498 chalaph khaw-laf'
a primitive root; properly, to slide by, i.e. (by
implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or
change:--abolish, alter, change, cut off, go on forward, grow
up, be over, pass (away, on, through), renew, sprout, strike
through.
חָלַף (cha.laph) — to pass.
1) to pass on or away, pass through, pass by, go through, grow up, change, to go on from
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass on quickly
1a2) to pass away (vanish)
1a3) to come on anew, sprout again (of grass)
1a4) to pass through
1a5) to overstep, transgress
1b) (Piel) to cause to pass, change
1c) (Hiph)
1c1) to change, substitute, alter, change for better, renew
1c2) to show newness (of tree)
Aramaic equivalent: cha.laph (חֲלַף "to pass" H2499)
HVhi1cp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect first person common pluralHVhi1cp