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Jeremiah 6:27 — Word Study

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WLCבָּח֛וֹן נְתַתִּ֥יךָ בְעַמִּ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר וְתֵדַ֕ע וּבָחַנְתָּ֖ אֶת־ דַּרְכָּֽם׃

BSAI have appointed younâthan [set, given] to examinebâchôwn [test, try] My peopleʻam [nation, Amaw] like oremibtsâr [metal, as a trier] so you may knowyâdaʻ [ascertain, perceive] and trybâchan [examine, prove] their waysderek [path, manner of life]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 6
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 27 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (dar.Kam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 6:27quick helps
In a sentenceGod appoints a prophet to test and evaluate His people.
Who is speakingThe Lord, addressing Jeremiah.
Where we areA warning to the people of Judah about their moral state.
The hard wordבָּח֛וֹן
Take awayThe role of the prophet is to discern and assess the character of the people.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbבָּחַן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 6:27

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Call to Examine the Peoplegenerated

26O daughter of my people, dress yourselves in sackcloth and roll in ashes. Mourn with bitter wailing, as you would for an only son, for suddenly the destroyer will come upon us.
27“I have appointed you to examine My people like ore, so you may know and try their ways.
28All are hardened rebels, walking around as slanderers. They are bronze and iron; all of them are corrupt.
29The bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged.

Jeremiah 6:27 shows God appointing Jeremiah as a tester of His people, comparing them to ore that must be evaluated. This reflects the urgent need for discernment in a time of moral decay, as seen in the surrounding verses where the people are called to mourn and recognize their sinful ways.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 1:18Now behold, this day I have made you like a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls against the whole land—against the kings of Judah, its officials, its priests, and the people of the land.
2Jeremiah 15:20Then I will make you a wall to this people, a fortified wall of bronze; they will fight against you but will not overcome you, for I am with you to save and deliver you, declares the LORD.
3Ezekiel 3:8–10Behold, I will make your face as hard as their faces, and your forehead as hard as their foreheads.
4Ezekiel 20:4Will you judge them, will you judge them, son of man? Confront them with the abominations of their fathers
5Ezekiel 22:2“As for you, son of man, will you judge her? Will you pass judgment on the city of bloodshed? Then confront her with all her abominations

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.Jeremiah 1:18 Jeremiah 15:20 Ezekiel 3:8–10 Ezekiel 20:4 Ezekiel 22:2

The Key Word בָּח֛וֹן, ba.Chongenerated

The word בָּחוֹן (ba.Chon) means 'assayer' and refers to one who tests and evaluates the quality of metals. It is derived from a root meaning to try or test, emphasizing the role of evaluating worth.

In this context, it highlights Jeremiah's task of assessing the spiritual condition of the people, akin to how an assayer determines the value of precious metals.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb נְתַתִּ֥יךָ governs the verse, with two main clauses following it: the first clause describes the appointment, and the second clause details the purpose of that appointment. The Hebrew structure emphasizes the action of appointing first, setting the stage for the prophet's role.

The word order places emphasis on the action of testing and evaluating, which is central to the message of the verse.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בָּח֛וֹן as δοκιμαστὴν, meaning 'tester' or 'examiner'. This choice highlights the evaluative aspect of Jeremiah's role, aligning with the Hebrew meaning but also emphasizing the act of testing.

This rendering suggests a focus on the process of examination rather than merely the title of the role.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 6:27 reveals God appointing Jeremiah to examine His people, comparing them to ore that must be tested. This role is crucial as it involves discerning their ways and understanding their conduct in light of their moral state.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to examine God's people like ore?

It means to scrutinize and assess their spiritual condition, much like an assayer evaluates the quality of metals.

Why is Jeremiah chosen for this role?

Jeremiah is chosen because he is a prophet of God, tasked with delivering messages and warnings to the people.

What does the term 'ways' refer to in this context?

The term 'ways' refers to the conduct, behavior, and moral choices of the people.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Jeremiah?

This verse encapsulates the theme of judgment and the need for repentance among the people of Judah, which is prevalent throughout Jeremiah's prophecies.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I examine my own life to ensure I am aligned with God's ways?
  2. How can I be more discerning in my interactions with others, as Jeremiah was called to be?
  3. What are some practices that help me to 'test' my own beliefs and actions?
  4. How does understanding the role of an assayer help me in my spiritual journey?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, interpreting it as God appointing a strong tester among His people to discern their ways.

JeromeVerse 27 and following c. 347–420
I have appointed you as a strong tester among my people, and you will know and prove their ways. All these leaders are turning away (or disobedient), walking deceitfully (or perversely).
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 6 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 6:27 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I have set thee for a tower,.... Or "in" one (d); in a watch tower, to look about and observe the actions of the people, their sins and transgressions, and reprove them for them; as well as to descry

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 6 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way. I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people - (Jeremiah 1:18); rather, an assayer (and) explorer.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 6 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Here God speaks by way of encouragement to the prophet, and tells him he had made him a fortified tower, that he might both discover the carriages of his people, which is one use of a high tower, ,8 Habakkuk 2:1; and also to assure him, though they shall make several attempts against him, yet he shall be kept safe, os in a castle or fortress, . That thou mayest know and try their way; their courses, actions, and manners, and which way they stand affected; thou mayest bring all to thy strict observation and scrutiny, as goldsmiths or refiners do metals; for so is the word try used, , and elsewhere. Hereby he shall be encouraged to reprove them more freely, and with authority, because God…

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 6 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 6:27 I have set thee [for] a tower [and] a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.Ver. 27. I have set thee for a tower and a fortress.] Or, A fortified watch tower have I made thee among my people - i.e., to spy out and discover their dispositions and affections.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 6 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(27) I have set thee . . .—The verse is difficult, as containing words in the Hebrew which are not found elsewhere, and have therefore to be guessed at. The following rendering is given on the authority of the most recent commentators, and has the merit of being in harmony with the metallurgic imagery of the following verses. As a prover of ore I have set thee among my people, and thou shalt know and try their way. The words are spoken by Jehovah to the prophet, and describe his work. By others, the first part of the sentence is rendered as follows: As a prover of ore I have set thee like a fortress, as if with a reference to Jeremiah 1:18, where the same word is used.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 6 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 27. I have set thee for a tower and a fortress] Dr. Blayney translates, I have appointed thee to make an assay among my people. The words refer to the office of an assayer of silver and gold; and the manner of assaying here intended is by the cupel, a flat broad iron ring filled with the ashes of burnt bones. To separate the alloy from the silver they add a portion of lead; and when all is fused together, and brought into a state of ebullition, the cupel absorbs the lead, and with it the dross or alloy, and the silver is left pure and motionless on the top of the cupel. The people are here represented under the notion of alloyed silver. They are full of impurities; and they are put…

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 6 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

22–30. The last of the four divisions. See introd. note to the ch.

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 6 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Render it: I have set thee among My people as a prover of ore, And thou shalt know and try their way. They are all of them rebels of rebels (i. e., utter rebels): Slander-walkers, were copper and iron, Corrupters all of them.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 6 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

“I have appointed you to examine My people like ore, so you may know and try their ways.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“I have made you a tester of metals and a fortress among my people, that you may know and try their way.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

“I have appointed you to examine My people like ore, so you may know and try their ways.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The Lord said to me, “I have made you like a metal assayer to test my people like ore. You are to observe them and evaluate how they behave.”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I have made thee a trier and a fortress among my people; that thou mayest know and try their way.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I have made thee a tower and a fortress among my people; that thou mayest know and try their way.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I haue set thee for a defence and fortresse among my people, that thou maiest knowe and trie their waies.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I have set thee among my people as an assayer, a fortress, that thou mayest know and try their way.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

A watch-tower I have given thee, Among My people a fortress, And thou knowest, and hast tried their way.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

“I have given you a watchtower, || A fortress among My people, || And you know, and have tried their way.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and probe their way.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

“I have made you, Jeremiah, one who tests my people like one would test metal, so you will inspect and test their ways.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

I have set thee for a strong trier among my people: and thou shalt know and prove their way.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Jeremiah, I have made you a tester of metals so you can test my people as if they were metal, so you can know what they're made of and how they act.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I have made you a tester among my people, so that you may have knowledge of their way and put it to the test.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclausesecond objectבָּח֛וֹןan.assayerverbנְתַתִּ֥יIobjectךָhave.made.youprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְamongnoun phraseעַמִּ֖peopleיmyclausesecond objectמִבְצָ֑רfortificationוְandclauseverb phrase · verbתֵדַ֕עyou.will.observeוּandבָחַנְתָּ֖you.will.testnoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseדַּרְכָּֽconductםtheir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording for Jeremiah 6:27, with seven of the eight words matched. The differences lie in the arrangement and specific terms used, but the core message remains consistent.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בָּח֛וֹן נְתַתִּ֥יךָ בְעַמִּ֖י מִבְצָ֑ר וְתֵדַ֕ע וּבָחַנְתָּ֖ אֶת־ דַּרְכָּֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בָּח֛וֹןδοκιμαστὴνנְתַתִּ֥יךָσεבְעַמִּ֖יἐνמִבְצָ֑רδεδοκιμασμένοιςוְתֵדַ֕עγνώσῃוּבָחַנְתָּ֖δοκιμάσαιדַּרְכָּֽם׃ὁδὸν

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 6:27בָּחוֹןan assayeran assayerבָּחוֹןנָתַןI have madeI have made youנָתַןעַםamong peoplamong people myעַםמִבְצָרfortificatifortificationמִבְצָריָדַעso you may so you may obseיָדַעבָּחַןand you wiland you will teבָּחַןאֵתthe object the object markאֵתדֶּ֫רֶךְconduct theconduct theirדֶּ֫רֶךְבָּחַןto testto testבָּחַןעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתדָּרַךְto treadto treadדָּרַךְבָּצַרto gather/to gather/restrבָּצַרנַחֲלָהinheritancinheritanceנַחֲלָהזֶ֫רַעseedseedזֶ֫רַעשֹׁדviolenceviolenceשֹׁדתְּאֵנָהfigfigתְּאֵנָהאֲנִיIIאֲנִיבִּיןto understto understandבִּיןצָרַףto refineto refineצָרַףכִּלְיָהkidneykidneyכִּלְיָהמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהצָפוֹןZaphonZaphonצָפוֹן
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 6:27

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
בָּח֛וֹןba.Chon an assayer H969 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An assayer is someone who tests and evaluates the quality of metals, like gold or silver, to determine their value. This word is used in the Bible to describe a person who inspects and values metals.
Amplified meaning
test, try
Tyndale gloss
assayer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּחוֹן (bachown) refers to an 'assayer' or one who inspects and values metals. It is derived from a root meaning to try or test, and is specifically mentioned in Jeremiah 6:27. The term emphasizes the role of evaluating the quality of metals.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּחוֹן n.[m.] assayer, one who tries metals Je 6:27

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H969 בָּחוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

969 bachown' baw-khone'

from 974; an assayer or metals:--tower.

see HEBREW for 0974

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּחוֹן (ba.chon) — assayer.

assayer (an inspector and valuer of metals)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
נְתַתִּ֥יךָne.ta.Ti.kha I have made you H5414 Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
2,011× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to give, put, or set something, with a wide range of applications. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, describing God's actions and human interactions. The word is used to convey giving, selling, or exchanging something.
Amplified meaning
set, given
Tyndale gloss
to give: give
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set

Qal 1917

give

Put, set

Make, constitute

Niph.

82be given

Be put, set

Hoph.

be given, bestowed

= be given to one for wife

be put upon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give

. Put, set

. Make, constitute

. . be given

. Be put, set

. . . be given, bestowed

. = be given to one for wife

. be put upon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5414 nathan naw-than'

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of

application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,

assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,

hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +

cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X

without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),

grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),

(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,

occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X

pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send

(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,

strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,

turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)

God, yield.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.

: give/deliver/send/produce

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend

1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate

1a3) to make, constitute

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned

1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up

1c2) to be put upon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.

: put/set/apppoint

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
HVqp1cs/Sp2ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
בְעַמִּ֖יve.'a.Mi among people my H5971 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Amplified meaning
nation, Amaw
Tyndale gloss
Amaw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
מִבְצָ֑רmiv.Tzar fortification H4013 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
37× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a strong, fortified place like a castle or a fenced city, providing protection and safety. It is used in the Bible to describe secure and defended locations.
Amplified meaning
metal, as a trier
Tyndale gloss
fortification
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִבְצָר (mibtsar) means 'fortification' and can refer to a castle or fortified city. It is derived from a root meaning to 'fence' or 'fortify.' The entries indicate its use in contexts related to strongholds and defense, including a reference in Daniel 11:15.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִבְצָר n.m. fortification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4013 מִבְצָר fortification

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4013 mibtsar mib-tsawr'

also (in plural) feminine (Dan. 11:l5) mibtsarah

{mib-tsaw-raw'}; from 1219; a fortification, castle, or

fortified city; figuratively, a defender:--(de-, most)

fenced, fortress, (most) strong (hold).

see HEBREW for 0l5

see HEBREW for 01219

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִבְצָר (miv.tsar) — fortification.

fortification, fortress, fortified city, stronghold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
וְתֵדַ֕עve.te.Da' so you may observe H3045 Conjunction · verb qal second person masculine singular
945× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to know means to ascertain by seeing, and is used in many senses, including to learn, perceive, and recognize, as seen in various KJV translations.
Amplified meaning
ascertain, perceive
Tyndale gloss
to know
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָדַע 943 vb. know

Qal

know, learn to know

perceive

perceive and see; find out and discern

discriminate, distinguish

know by experience

recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

consider

not know = not expect

know a person, be acquainted with

know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

be skilful in

abs. have knowledge, be wise

Niph.

be made known, be or become known, of things

make oneself known of pers.

be perceived

be instructed

Pi. cause to know

Pu. known

Hiph. make known, declare

Hoph. made known

Hithp. make oneself known

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know

. perceive

. perceive and see; find out and discern

. discriminate, distinguish

. know by experience

. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

. consider

. not know = not expect

. know a person, be acquainted with

. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

. be skilful in

. abs. have knowledge, be wise

. . be made known, be or become known, of things

. make oneself known of pers.

. be perceived

. be instructed

. cause to know

. known

. make known, declare

. made known

. make oneself known

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3045 yada` yaw-dah'

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);

used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,

euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,

care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,

punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted

with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,

(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X

could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)

discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,

can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause

to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have

(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be

learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X

prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man

of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.

1) to know

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to know

1a1a) to know, learn to know

1a1b) to perceive

1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern

1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish

1a1e) to know by experience

1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess

1a1g) to consider

1a2) to know, be acquainted with

1a3) to know (a person carnally)

1a4) to know how, be skilful in

1a5) to have knowledge, be wise

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed

1b2) to make oneself known

1b3) to be perceived

1b4) to be instructed

1c) (Piel) to cause to know

1d) (Poal) to cause to know

1e) (Pual)

1e1) to be known

1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)

1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare

1g) (Hophal) to be made known

1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself

Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal second person masculine singular
HC/Vqu2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ob-zurv' (representing various words, but chiefly shamar, "to keep," "to watch" etc.): Properly means "to take heed to," as in Isa 42:20, "Thou seest many things, but thou observest not" and from this sense all the usages of the word in English Versions of the Bible can be understood. Most of them, indeed are quite good modern usage (as "observe a feast," Ex 12:17, etc.; "observe a law" Le 19:37, etc.), but a few are archaic. So Ge 37:11, the King James Version "His father observed the saying" (the Revised Version (British and American) "kept the saying in mind"); Ho 13:7, "As a leopard .... will I observe them" (the…

an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
וּבָחַנְתָּ֖u.va.chan.Ta and you will test H974 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To test or examine something, like gold or a person's heart, is what this word means. It appears in stories like Job's trials, where his faith is tested by God, and in Proverbs 17:3, which talks about refining silver.
Amplified meaning
examine, prove
Tyndale gloss
to test
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּחַן (bachan) is a Hebrew verb meaning to examine or test. It encompasses a range of actions, including scrutinizing, proving, and trying, particularly in relation to metals, individuals, or the heart. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to examine) and Niphal (to be tried).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּחַן] vb. examine, try

Qal

examine, scrutinize, try

prove, test, try

Niph. to be tried, proved

Pu. the trial has been made

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H974 [בָּחַן] examine, try

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

974 bachan baw-khan'

a primitive root; to test (especially metals); generally and

figuratively, to investigate:--examine, prove, tempt, try

(trial).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּחַן (ba.chan) — to test.

1) to examine, try, prove

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to examine, scrutinise

1a2) to test, prove, try (of gold, persons, the heart, man of God)

1b) (Niphal) to be tried, proved

1c) (Pual) to make a trial

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq2ms
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
an assayer I have made you among people my fortification so you may observe and you will test the object marker conduct their
דַּרְכָּֽם׃dar.Kam conduct their H1870 Noun common both singular construct · suffix
708× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Derek refers to a road or path, and can also mean a way of life or manner of action. It is often used to describe a journey or direction, and can be used figuratively to describe a person's character or moral path.
Amplified meaning
path, manner of life
Tyndale gloss
way: road
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (derek) means way, road, or journey, and can refer to both literal paths and figurative courses of life or actions. It encompasses various aspects such as direction, manner, and moral character, often highlighting the nature of one's conduct. The term is used in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the moral implications of one's path.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner

way, road, path

journey

of direction, almost or quite = toward

way, manner

fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

of moral action and character

of duty

specif.: in good sense

oftener in bad sense

way of י׳

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1870 דֶּ֫רֶךְ way, road, distance, journey, manner . way, road, path

. journey

. of direction, almost or quite = toward

. way, manner

. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

. . of moral action and character

. of duty

. specif.: in good sense

. oftener in bad sense

. way of י׳

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1870 derek deh'-rek

from 1869; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of

life or mode of action, often adverb:--along, away, because

of, + by, conversation, custom, (east-)ward, journey, manner,

passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-)way(-side),

whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 01869

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: conduct.

: conduct/lifestyle

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — Way.

This name means way, road

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — (King's) Highway.

This name means way, road

Combined with me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "King's" H4428I)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: direction.

: direction

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: road.

: road/route

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: journey.

: journey

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffix
HNcbsc/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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