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Job 41:9 — Word Study

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WLCהֵן־ תֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה הֲגַ֖ם אֶל־ מַרְאָ֣יו יֻטָֽל׃

BSAmanʼîysh brotherʼâch to cleavedâbaq to capturelâkad notlôʼ to separatepârad

Word
Listen & take awayJob 41
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yu.Tal) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 41:9quick helps
In a sentenceJob states that any hope of defeating this creature is futile and that its appearance is terrifying.
Who is speakingJob, in a dialogue with God, reflecting on the power of Leviathan.
Where we areIn a series of verses describing the might of Leviathan, a formidable creature.
The hard wordנִכְזָ֑בָה
Take awayThe futility of hope against such overwhelming power.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbהוּא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 41:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Might of Leviathangenerated

8If you lay a hand on him, you will remember the battle and never repeat it!
9Surely hope of overcoming him is false. Is not the sight of him overwhelming?
10No one is so fierce as to rouse Leviathan. Then who is able to stand against Me?
11Who has given to Me that I should repay him? Everything under heaven is Mine.

Job 41:9 reflects on the futility of hope against Leviathan, a creature symbolizing chaos and power. The preceding verses warn of the danger of confronting it, emphasizing the overwhelming nature of its presence. This passage highlights the theme of human limitations when faced with divine power, as seen throughout the Book of Job.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Deuteronomy 28:34You will be driven mad by the sights you see.
21 Samuel 3:11Then the LORD said to Samuel, “I am about to do something in Israel at which the ears of all who hear it will tingle.
3Isaiah 28:19As often as it passes through, it will carry you away; it will sweep through morning after morning, by day and by night.” The understanding of this message will bring sheer terror.
4Luke 21:11There will be great earthquakes, famines, and pestilences in various places, along with fearful sights and great signs from heaven.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word תֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹ, to.chal.Togenerated

The noun תּוֹחֶ֫לֶת (towcheleth) signifies 'hope' or 'expectation', derived from a root meaning to expect. It conveys a sense of trust and confidence in a positive outcome.

In this verse, it underscores the false hope of overcoming Leviathan, emphasizing that such expectations are in vain. The parsing indicates it is a feminine singular noun, suggesting a specific but misguided anticipation.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains two main clauses: the first states that hope of overcoming Leviathan is false, while the second questions the overwhelming sight of this creature. The structure emphasizes the futility of hope against such power.

The finite verb נִכְזָ֑בָה (it is proved a lie) governs the first clause, while יֻטָֽל (everyone is thrown down) governs the second, creating a stark contrast between expectation and reality.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, נִכְזָ֑בָה is rendered as ἀποσπασθῶσιν, which suggests a broader interpretation of being cast down or thrown aside, rather than simply being proven a lie. This choice reflects a more dramatic portrayal of the creature's overwhelming nature.

The other words align closely with their Hebrew counterparts, maintaining the overall message of the verse while adapting to the Greek language.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 41:9 states that any hope of defeating Leviathan is false, and its appearance is overwhelming. This verse emphasizes the futility of human strength against such a powerful creature.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by 'hope of overcoming him is false'?

Job is expressing that any expectation of defeating Leviathan is misguided, emphasizing the creature's immense power.

Why is the sight of Leviathan described as overwhelming?

The overwhelming sight refers to the fearsome and terrifying appearance of Leviathan, which evokes a sense of dread.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Job?

This verse illustrates the theme of human limitations in the face of divine power and chaos, a central aspect of the Book of Job.

What can we learn from Job's description of Leviathan?

Job's description serves as a reminder of the awe-inspiring power of creation and the futility of human pride.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some situations in my life where I have felt overwhelmed, like Job describes?
  2. How can I better recognize the limits of my own strength in the face of challenges?
  3. In what ways can I find hope when facing seemingly insurmountable obstacles?
  4. How does understanding the power of creation impact my faith and perspective on life's challenges?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist references this verse in his writings, interpreting it in the context of hope and the overwhelming nature of Leviathan.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXXIII c. 540–604
Behold, his hope shall disappoint him. And in the sight of all he shall be cast down. 37. But this ought to be so understood, as to be referred to his body also;
Early Church Fathers on Job 41 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 41:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Behold, the hope of him is in vain,.... Of getting the mastery over him, or of taking him; and yet both crocodiles and whales have been taken; nor is the taking of them to be despaired of; but it

Read John Gill on Job 41 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 41 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The hope of him; either, 1. Of the fish, i.e. the hope of taking or conquering him. Or rather, 2. Of the man who laid hands upon him, as hoping to take him by force, but in vain. Shall not; the prefix he being put for halo, as it is ofttimes in the Hebrew text, as . Even at the sight of him; not only the fight, but the very sight of him is most frightful. Such is the sight of the whale to mariners, who fear the overturning of their vessel. And such is the sight of the crocodile, by which alone some have been affrighted out of their wits.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 41 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 41:9 Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not [one] be cast down even at the sight of him?Ver. 9. Behold, the hope of him is in vain] Heb. is lying. A man may promise himseff or others to take the whale, but how or when will he effect it? It is a misery to lie languishing at Hope’ s Hospital, and after all to be disappointed; to labour all night, and take nothing, &c. Shall not one be cast down at the sight of him?] Surely there is cause enough to be cast down, if he be so big and dreadful to behold as is reported.

Read John Trapp on Job 41 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) Behold the hope of him is in vain—i.e., the hope of the rash man who would venture to attack him: at the sight of him, i.e., the infuriated crocodile.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 41 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 9. Behold, the hope] If thou miss thy first advantage, there is no hope afterwards: the very sight of this terrible monster would dissipate thy spirit, if thou hadst not a positive advantage against his life, or a place of sure retreat to save thine own.

Read AdamClarke on Job 41 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9. the hope of him is in vain] Rather, behold, one’s hope is belied; lit. his hope. The hope of the assailant to overcome Leviathan is disappointed.

Read Cambridge on Job 41 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Behold, the hope of him is in vain - That is, the hope of taking him is vain. Shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

Read Albert Barnes on Job 41 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Surely hope of overcoming him is false. Is not the sight of him overwhelming?

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Behold, the hope of him is in vain. Won’t one be cast down even at the sight of him?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Surely hope of overcoming him is false. Is not the sight of him overwhelming?

NETBNew English Translation2006

See, his expectation is wrong, he is laid low even at the sight of it.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Behold, the hope of him is in vain: Will not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

RVARevised Version, American1894

Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

His niesings make the light to shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Lo, hope as to him is belied: is not one cast down even at the sight of him?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Lo, the hope of him is found a liar, Also at his appearance is not one cast down?

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Behold, the hope of him is found a liar, || Also, is one not cast down at his appearance?

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(41:1) Behold, his expectation was deceived: even at his mere sight is he cast down.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

See, the hope of anyone who does that is a lie; will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him?

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

His sneezing is like the shining of fire, and his eyes like the eyelids of the morning.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Any hope to capture it is foolish. Anyone who tries is thrown to the ground.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Truly, the hope of his attacker is false; he is overcome even on seeing him!

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseהֵןthere!clausenoun phrase · subjectתֹּחַלְתּ֥hopeוֹhisverbנִכְזָ֑בָהit.is.proved.a.lieclauseהֲ?clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalגַ֖םalsoprepositional phraseאֶלbecause.ofnoun phraseמַרְאָ֣יappearanceוitsverbיֻטָֽלeveryone.is.hurled.down

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with six of the seven Hebrew words matched in the Greek translation. This indicates a strong consistency in the portrayal of Leviathan's overwhelming power.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הֵן־ תֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה הֲגַ֖ם אֶל־ מַרְאָ֣יו יֻטָֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הֵן־ἀνὴρתֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹἀδελφῷנִכְזָ֑בָהαὐτοῦהֲגַ֖םσυνέξονταιאֶל־καὶמַרְאָ֣יוἀποσπασθῶσιν

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 41:9הֵןthere!there!הֵןתּוֹחֶ֫לֶתhope hishope hisתּוֹחֶ֫לֶתכָּזַבit is proveit is proved a כָּזַבגַּם¿ also¿ alsoגַּםאֶלbecause ofbecause ofאֶלמַרְאֶהappearance appearance itsמַרְאֶהטוּלeveryone iseveryone is thrטוּליָחַלto wait: wto wait: waitיָחַלרָאָהProviderProviderרָאָהיָפֶהbeautifulbeautifulיָפֶהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהאָבַדto perishto perishאָבַדפּוּחַto breatheto breatheפּוּחַכָּזָבlielieכָּזָבתְּמוֹלyesterdayyesterdayתְּמוֹלשִׁלְשֹׁםthree daysthree days agoשִׁלְשֹׁםפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫הדְּמוּתlikenesslikenessדְּמוּתחֲניִתspearspearחֲניִתיָם(Mt. Ephro(Mt. Ephron in יָם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 41:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
הֵן־hen- there! H2005 Particle
316× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An expression meaning look or behold, used to get someone's attention, like in the prophet Isaiah's writings. It can also express surprise or introduce a hypothetical situation.
Tyndale gloss
look!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵן (hen) is a demonstrative adverb or interjection meaning 'lo!' or 'behold!'. It is primarily used to draw attention to a fact that prompts action or leads to a conclusion. The word can also express surprise and is less common than its counterpart הִנֵּה (hinneh). Additionally, it can function hypothetically as 'if'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵן 100 demonstr.adv. or interj. lo!, behold (on etym. v. הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2005 הֵן demonstr. adv. or interj. lo!, behold (on etym. v. הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2005 hen hane

a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise)

if:--behold, if, lo, though.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵן (hen) — look!.

interj

1) behold, lo, though hypothetical part

2) if

Aramaic equivalent: hen (הֵן "look!" H2006A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTj — Particle
HTj
there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
תֹּחַלְתּ֥וֹto.chal.To hope his H8431 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means hope or expectation, referring to a feeling of trust and confidence in something or someone. It is about looking forward to a positive outcome.
Tyndale gloss
hope
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹחֶ֫לֶת (towcheleth) means 'hope' and is derived from the root word for 'expectation' found in H3176. The entries consistently define it as a noun related to the concept of hope, without significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹחֶ֫לֶת n.f. hope

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8431 תּוֹחֶ֫לֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8431 towcheleth to-kheh'-leth

from 3176; expectation:--hope.

see HEBREW for 03176

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹחֶ֫לֶת (to.che.let) — hope.

hope

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc/Sp3ms — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
נִכְזָ֑בָהnikh.Za.vah it is proved a lie H3576 Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to lie or deceive, and is used in the Bible to describe dishonesty and falsehood, as seen in the actions of those who oppose God's truth.
Tyndale gloss
to lie
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּזַב (kazab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to lie or deceive. It encompasses various forms, including being a liar, telling a lie, and failing or disappointing. The entries indicate its use in different stems, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, which express nuances of lying and deception. One example noted is the phrase, "who will make me a liar?"

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כָּזַב] vb. lie, be a liar

Qal Pt.

Niph. his hope has been made deceptive

Pi.

lie, tell a lie

disappoint, fail

Hiph. who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3576 כָּזַב lie, be a liar .Pt.

. his hope has been made deceptive

. . lie, tell a lie

. disappoint, fail

. who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3576 kazab kaw-zab'

a primitive root; to lie (i.e. deceive), literally or

figuratively:--fail, (be found a, make a) liar, lie, lying, be

in vain.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּזַב (ka.zav) — to lie.

1) to lie, tell a lie, be a liar, be found a liar, be in vain, fail

1a) (Qal) liar (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be proven to be lying

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to lie, tell a lie, tell a lie with, deceive

1c2) to disappoint, fail

1d) (Hiphil) to make a liar, prove to be a liar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVNp3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVNp3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Lie

An intentional violation of the truth. Lies are emphatically condemned in Scripture (John 8:44; 1 Tim. 1:9, 10; Rev. 21:27; 22:15). Mention is made of the lies told by good men, as by Abraham (Gen. 12:12, 13; 20:2), Isaac (26:7), and Jacob (27:24); also by the Hebrew midwives (Ex. 1:15-19), by Michal (1 Sam. 19:14), and by David (1 Sam. 20:6). (See ANANIAS.)

there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
הֲגַ֖םha.Gam ¿ also H1571 Particle · adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTi/D — Particle · adverb
HTi/D
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'

there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
אֶל־'el- because of H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
מַרְאָ֣יוmar.'Av appearance its H4758 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
103× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a sight or appearance, and can describe something beautiful or a supernatural vision. It encompasses various aspects of seeing, including physical and mental perceptions, and is used in different contexts throughout the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
appearance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַרְאֶה (mar'eh) refers to sight, appearance, or vision, encompassing both physical and supernatural aspects of what is seen. It can denote a phenomenon, spectacle, or the power of seeing. The word is derived from a root meaning to see, and it covers a range of meanings related to visual perception.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַרְאֶה 102 n.m. sight, appearance, vision

sight, phenomenon, spectacle

appearance

appearance, sight, vision

in gen. what is seen

specif. a (supernat.) vision

sight, vision = power of seeing (and enjoying), late

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4758 מַרְאֶה sight, appearance, vision . . sight, phenomenon, spectacle

. appearance

. appearance, sight, vision

. in gen. what is seen

. specif. a (supernat.) vision

. sight, vision = power of seeing (and enjoying), late

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4758 mar'eh mar-eh'

from 7200; a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance

(the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if

handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks), or (mental) a

vision:--X apparently, appearance(-reth), X as soon as

beautiful(-ly), countenance, fair, favoured, form, goodly, to

look (up) on (to), look(-eth), pattern, to see, seem, sight,

visage, vision.

see HEBREW for 07200

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַרְאֶה (mar.eh) — appearance.

1) sight, appearance, vision

1a) sight, phenomenon, spectacle, appearance, vision

1b) what is seen

1c) a vision (supernatural)

1d) sight, vision (power of seeing)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
there! hope his it is proved a lie ¿ also because of appearance its everyone is thrown down
יֻטָֽל׃yu.Tal everyone is thrown down H2904 Verb · Hophal · imperfect third person masculine singular
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to throw or cast something away, like when God casts out evil spirits in the Bible. It is used in various forms, such as to hurl or carry away. In the KJV, it is translated as carry away or cast out.
Tyndale gloss
to cast
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טוּל (tul) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cast or hurl. It encompasses various forms, including to throw away or carry off, and can describe both active and passive actions, such as being thrown or hurled down. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, but do not specify particular verses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[טוּל] vb. Pilp. etc., hurl, cast

Pilp. hurleth thee violently

Hiph. cast, cast out

Hoph.

be hurled

of inanimate thing, be cast, thrown

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2904 [טוּל] Pilp. etc., hurl, cast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2904 tuwl tool

a primitive root; to pitch over or reel; hence (transitively)

to cast down or out:--carry away, (utterly) cast (down, forth,

out), send out.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טוּל (tul) — to cast.

1) to hurl, cast

1a) (Pilpel) to throw away, carry away, hurl

1b) (Hiphil) to throw, cast, cast out

1c)(Hophal)

1c1) to be hurled, hurled down

1c2) to be cast, be thrown, be cast out, be thrown down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVHi3ms — Verb · Hophal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVHi3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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