Leviticus 1:16 — Word Study
WLCוְהֵסִ֥יר אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖וֹ בְּנֹצָתָ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ אֵ֤צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ קֵ֔דְמָה אֶל־ מְק֖וֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן׃
BSAAnd he is to removeçûwr [take away, pluck] the cropmurʼâh△ [gizzard, food-grinding pouch] with its contentsnôwtsâh [filth, feathers] and throwshâlak [cast, toss] itʼêth to the eastqedem sideʼêtsel [front, eastern direction] of the altarmizbêach [place of sacrifice] inʼêl the placemâqôwm [location, area] for ashesdeshen [sacrificial remains, burnt offerings]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהֵסִ֥יר | and he will remove | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| מֻרְאָת֖וֹ | craw its | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּנֹצָתָ֑הּ | with feather[s] its | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ | and he will throw | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֹתָ֜הּ | the object marker it | Particle, suffix |
| אֵ֤צֶל | beside | Noun common, both singular construct |
| הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ | the altar | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| קֵ֔דְמָה | east -ward | Noun common masculine singular absolute, suffix |
| אֶל־ | to | Preposition |
| מְק֖וֹם | [the] place of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַדָּֽשֶׁן׃ | the fatty ash | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And he is to remove the crop with its contents and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes. |
| KJV | And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes: |
| ASV | and he shall take away its crop with the filth thereof, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes: |
| YLT | and he hath turned aside its crop with its feathers, and hath cast it near the altar, eastward, unto the place of ashes; |
| WEB | and he shall take away its crop and its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes. |
| BBE | And he is to take away its stomach, with its feathers, and put it down by the east side of the altar, where the burned waste is put: |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of the crop and its contents — see How Translations Differ.
The main verb governs the action, with several phrases providing detail about what is to be removed and where it is to be disposed.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbסוּר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Leviticus 1:16
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for Burnt Offeringsgenerated
Leviticus 1:16 provides specific instructions for the priest regarding the handling of a bird offered as a burnt offering. This verse is part of a larger section detailing the procedures for various types of sacrifices, emphasizing the importance of proper ritual practice in the worship of God. The priests play a crucial role in mediating between the people and God through these offerings, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly Leviticus 1:15 and Leviticus 1:17.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luke 1:35 | The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the Holy One to be born will be called the Son of God. |
| 2 | 1 Peter 1:2 | according to the foreknowledge of God the Father and sanctified by the Spirit for obedience to Jesus Christ and sprinkling by His blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance. |
| 3 | Leviticus 4:12 | all the rest of the bull—he must take outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place where the ashes are poured out, and there he must burn it on a wood fire on the ash heap. |
| 4 | Leviticus 6:10–11 | And the priest shall put on his linen robe and linen undergarments, and he shall remove from the altar the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed and place them beside it. |
| 5 | Leviticus 16:27 | The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought into the Most Holy Place to make atonement, must be taken outside the camp; and their hides, flesh, and dung must be burned up. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מֻרְאָת֖וֹ, mur.'a.Togenerated
The Hebrew word מֻרְאָה (mur'ah) refers to the crop of a bird, which is a pouch in its throat where food is stored before digestion. This term is only used here in Leviticus 1:16, indicating a specific part of the bird that must be removed during the sacrificial process.
The noun is in the feminine singular construct form, indicating it is a specific part of the bird being referenced. The action of removing the crop is part of the ritual purity required in the sacrificial system.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations of this verse generally agree in their rendering of the key terms.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb governing the verse is הֵסִ֥יר, he will remove, which leads into a series of noun phrases and prepositional phrases detailing what is to be removed and where it is to be thrown. The structure emphasizes the actions required of the priest in a step-by-step manner.
The sentence is constructed with a clear sequence of actions: first, the crop is to be removed, and then it is to be thrown to a specific location, which is the east side of the altar. This order reflects the ritualistic nature of the instructions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הֵסִ֥יר as ἀφελεῖ (aphelei), meaning 'to take away' or 'remove'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, indicating a direct action of removal.
The word מֻרְאָה is rendered as πρόλοβον (prolobon), which refers to a specific part of the bird, showing that the translators understood the term in its sacrificial context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Leviticus 1:16 instructs the priest to remove the crop and its contents from the bird being offered as a burnt offering. The crop is to be thrown to the east side of the altar, where the ashes are located. This act is part of the ritual requirements for the burnt offering.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The crop is a pouch in a bird's throat where food is stored before it is digested, and in this context, it is to be removed as part of the sacrificial process.
Removing the crop is part of the ritual purity required in the sacrificial system, ensuring that the offering is made according to God's instructions.
Throwing the contents to the east side of the altar signifies the proper disposal of parts of the offering that are not to be burned, as part of the sacrificial ritual.
This verse is part of the detailed instructions for burnt offerings, which are central to the worship and atonement practices in ancient Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of following God's instructions in our worship?
- How does understanding the details of this sacrificial process enhance our appreciation for the rituals in the Old Testament?
- In what ways can we apply the principle of removing what is unclean from our lives today?
- How does this verse reflect the holiness required in approaching God?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Leviticus 1:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers,.... Or "with its meat", or "dung", as Onkelos renders it, meaning that which was in its crop; and so the Jerusalem Targum interprets it, "with its
Read John Gill on Leviticus 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd if the burnt sacrifice for his offering to the LORD be of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons. If the burnt sacrifice ... be of fowls.
Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWith his feathers, or, with its dung or filth, to wit, contained in the crop, and in the guts. On the east part, to wit, of the tabernacle. Here the filth was cast, because this was the remotest place from the holy of holies, which was in the west end; to teach us, that impure things and persons should not presume to approach to God, and that they should be banished from his presence. By the place of the ashes; the place where the ashes fell down and lay, whence they were afterwards removed without the camp. See 6:10,11 8:17.
Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLeviticus 1:16 And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:Ver. 16. His crop with his feathers.] Or, The maw with the filth thereof - that is, the guts which receive the filth sent unto them from the maw - was plucked out, and the blood strained at the side of the altar. This signified those clots of blood wrung from our Saviour before his oblation upon the cross.
Read John Trapp on Leviticus 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(16) His crop with his feathers.—Just as in the case of quadrupeds the skin was flayed off the victim before it was put on the altar fire, so the feathers were removed from the bird before its body was placed on the altar. This is the natural sense which is to be expected from the context, since it can hardly be imagined that the victims would be burnt with the feathers, and thus cause an intolerable smell. The rendering, however, given in the margin, “with the filth thereof,” is now adopted by the greater number of expositors. As the two words filth and feathers resemble each other in Hebrew, it is probable that one of them has dropped out of the text. The maw, therefore, with its…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 16. Pluck away his crop with his feathers] In this sacrifice of fowls the head was violently wrung off, then the blood was poured out, then the feathers were plucked off, the breast was cut open, and the crop, stomach, and intestines taken out, and then the body was burnt. Though the bird was split up, yet it was not divided asunder. This circumstance is particularly remarked in Abram's sacrifice, Genesis 15:10. See Clarke on Genesis 15:10. See Ainsworth. WE have already seen, on Leviticus 1:2, that four kinds of animals might be made burnt-offerings to the Lord. 1. Neat cattle, such as bulls, oxen, cows, and calves. 2. He-goats, she-goats, and kids. 3. Rams, ewes, and lambs. 4.…
Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges16. take away its crop with the filth thereof] i.e. the bird is drawn as when made ready for cooking. The rendering of R.V. mg. (and so LXX. and Vulg.), as well as the Tal. Bab. (Zebaḥ ?im 64 b), describes the removal of the feathers. It is probable that the bird was both cleaned and plucked. on the east part, in the place of the ashes] The ashes to which the fire has reduced the Burnt-Offering (Leviticus 6:10).
Read Cambridge on Leviticus 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis crop with his feathers - The weight of authority is in favor of the marginal rendering. It is most probable that the feathers were burned with the body, and that the wings, mentioned in Leviticus 1:17, were not mutilated.
Read Albert Barnes on Leviticus 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And he is to remove the crop with its contents and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes.
and he shall take away its crop and its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes.
And he is to remove the crop with its contents and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes.
Then the priest must remove its entrails by cutting off its tail feathers, and throw them to the east side of the altar into the place of fatty ashes,
Tyndale line
And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:
and he shall take away its crop with the filth thereof, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes:
and he shall take away its crop with the filth thereof, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, in the place of the ashes:
And he shall pluck away its crop with its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:
And he shall plucke out his maw with his fethers, and cast them beside the altar on the East part in the place of the ashes.
Strictly literal
And he shall remove its crop with its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east, into the place of the ashes;
and he hath turned aside its crop with its feathers, and hath cast it near the altar, eastward, unto the place of ashes;
and he has turned aside its crop with its feathers, and has cast it near the altar, eastward, to the place of ashes;
And he shall remove its crop with its feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, at the place of the ashes.
He must remove its crop with its contents, and throw it beside the altar on the east side, in the place for the ashes.
From the Latin
But the crop of the throat, and the feathers he shall cast beside the altar at the east side, in the place where the ashes are wont to be poured out,
Simplified
He must remove the crop and the feathers, and throw them to the east side of the altar into the ash pile.
And he is to take away its stomach, with its feathers, and put it down by the east side of the altar, where the burned waste is put:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is consistent with the Septuagint in most respects, with 11 of the 12 words matched. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs in three words, using מרתו (gall-bladder) instead of מֻרְאָה, and נצתו (filth) instead of בְּנֹצָתָ֑הּ, indicating a variation in the understanding of the bird's anatomy.
וְהֵסִ֥יר אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖וֹ בְּנֹצָתָ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ אֵ֤צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ קֵ֔דְמָה אֶל־ מְק֖וֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן׃
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והסיר את מרתו בנצתו והשׁליך אתו אצל המזבח קדמה אל מקום הדשׁן
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מרתו (gall-bladder), נצתו (filth), אתו (
והסיר את מראת׳ה בנצת׳ה [והשליך] [את׳ה] [אצל] [המזבח] [קדמ׳ה] [אל] [מקום] הדשן
5 words on the leather — 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 1:16
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
סוּר (sur) is a Hebrew verb meaning to turn aside or depart. It encompasses a range of actions including removal, avoidance, and coming to an end. The word can be used in various forms, such as causing something to turn aside or be taken away. It appears in contexts involving both literal and figurative departures.
סוּר and [שׂוּר] 300 vb. turn aside
Qal
turn aside, out of one's course
depart
of lifeless things = be removed
= come to an end
Pô‛lēl he turned aside my ways (my steps)
Hiph.
cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away
rarer uses
Pô‛lēl be taken away, removed
base
H5493 סוּר, שׂוּר turn aside .. turn aside, out of one's course
. depart
. of lifeless things = be removed
. = come to an end
.he turned aside my ways (my steps)
. . cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away
. rarer uses
.be taken away, removed
5493 cuwr soor
or suwr (Hosea 9:12) {soor}; a primitive root; to turn off
(literal or figurative):--be(-head), bring, call back,
decline, depart, eschew, get (you), go (aside), X grievous,
lay away (by), leave undone, be past, pluck away, put (away,
down), rebel, remove (to and fro), revolt, X be sour, take
(away, off), turn (aside, away, in), withdraw, be without.
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: remove.
: remove
1) to turn aside, depart
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto
1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid
1a3) to be removed
1a4) to come to an end
1b) (Polel) to turn aside
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose
1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish
1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: depart.
: depart
1) to turn aside, depart
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn aside, turn in unto
1a2) to depart, depart from way, avoid
1a3) to be removed
1a4) to come to an end
1b) (Polel) to turn aside
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to turn aside, cause to depart, remove, take away, put away, depose
1c2) to put aside, leave undone, retract, reject, abolish
1d) (Hophal) to be taken away, be removed
סוּר (sur) — to turn aside: turn aside.
: turn_aside/deflect
Conj | V-Hiphil-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhq3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
DirObjM | Suff — ParticleHTo
מֻרְאָה (mur'ah) refers to the crop or alimentary canal of a bird, indicating something prominent or conspicuous. It is derived as a feminine passive participle from the root word for 'to see' (רָאָה, H7200). The term appears in Leviticus 1:16.
[מֻרְאָה] n.f. crop or alimentary canal, of bird;—Lv 1:16.
ref
H4760 מֻרְאָה
4760 mur'ah moor-aw'
apparently feminine passive causative participle of 7200;
something conspicuous, i.e. the craw of a bird (from its
prominence):--crop.
see HEBREW for 07200
מֻרְאָה (mur.ah) — crop.
crop or craw (of a bird), alimentary canal (of a bird)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
נוֹצָה (nowtsah) refers to plumage or feathers, derived from the root meaning to fly. It specifically denotes wing feathers and can refer to feathers collectively, including those of an ostrich. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to the concept of flying.
נוֹצָה n.f. plumage
base
H5133 נוֹצָה
5133 nowtsah no-tsaw'
or notsah {no-tsaw'}; feminine active participle of 5327 in
the sense of flying; a pinion (or wing feather); often
(collectively) plumage:--feather(-s), ostrich.
see HEBREW for 05327
נוֹצָה (no.tsah) — plumage.
plumage, feathers
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp3fs
שָׁלַךְ (shalak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw, cast, or fling. It can be used literally or figuratively, covering actions like throwing away or casting lots. The Hiphil form indicates an active throwing, while the Hophal form suggests being thrown or cast. The entries collectively emphasize various nuances of throwing and casting.
[שָׁלַךְ] 125 vb. Hiph. 112 throw, fling, cast
Hoph.
be thrown, cast
be cast forth, out
be cast down
metaph., be cast
base
H7993 שָׁלַךְ Hiph. throw, fling, cast
7993 shalak shaw-lak
a primitive root; to throw out, down or away (literally or
figuratively):--adventure, cast (away, down, forth, off,
out), hurl, pluck, throw.
שָׁלַךְ (sha.lakh) — to throw.
1) to throw, cast, hurl, fling
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to throw, cast, throw away, cast off, shed, cast down
1a2) to cast (lots) (fig)
1b) (Hophal)
1b1) to be thrown, be cast
1b2) to be cast forth or out
1b3) to be cast down
1b4) to be cast (metaph)
Conj | V-Hiphil-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhq3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo/Sp3fs — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3fs
אֵ֫צֶל ('etsel) is a conjunction that denotes proximity or nearness. It can mean 'beside,' 'by,' or 'near,' and is derived from a root that implies joining. The entries indicate its use in contexts relating to physical closeness or adjacency, but do not provide specific verse references.
אֵ֫צֶל 81 subst. conjunction, proximity
base
H681 אֵ֫צֶל conjunction, proximity
681 'etsel ay'-tsel
from 680 (in the sense of joining); a side; (as a
preposition) near:--at, (hard) by, (from) (beside), near
(unto), toward, with. See also 1018.
see HEBREW for 0680
see HEBREW for 01018
אֵ֫צֶל (e.tsel) — beside.
1) beside, by, near, nearness, joining, proximity
subst
2) (BDB)
2a) conjunction, proximity
2b) beside, in proximity, contiguous to, from beside
Prep — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
be-sid': Near to, or close to (Ps 23:2). It is often used to refer to the mental state, to the derangement of the mind (existemi, Mr 3:21; Ac 26:24 the King James Version). Or it may refer to the condition of being out of the ordinary course of the life. A life consecrated to God and spent in the interest of humanity is so designated (2Co 5:13). It has the sense also of a state of being out of one's usual mind, but not of mental derangement, occasioned by something that causes amazement or ast onishment (Mr 5:42). Or it may refer to a state in which one is not conscious of present conditions, but is rapt in vision (
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach) means 'altar' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word meaning to slay or kill, indicating its use in sacrificial contexts. The term is consistently used throughout the Old Testament to refer to places of sacrifice and worship.
מִזְבֵּחַ 401 n.m. altar
base
H4196 מִזְבֵּחַ altar
4196 mizbeach miz-bay'-akh
from 2076; an altar:--altar.
see HEBREW for 02076
מִזְבֵּחַ (miz.be.ach) — altar.
altar
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
ol'-ter (mizbeach, literally, "place of slaughter or sacrifice," from zabhach, which is found in both senses; bomos, (only in Ac 17:23), thusiasterion):
I. CLASSIFICATION OF HEBREW ALTARS
Importance of the Distinction
II. LAY ALTARS
1. Pre-Mosaic
2. In the Mosaic Age
3. Dangers of the Custom
4. The Mosaic Provisions
III. HORNED ALTARS OF BURNT OFFERING
1. The Tabernacle Altar
2. The Altar of Jos 22
3. The Altar till Solomon
4. The Horned Altar in Use
5. The Temple of Solomon
6. The Altar of Ahaz
7. Ezekiel
8. The Post-exilic Altar
9. Idolatrous and Unlawful Altars
10. The Horns
IV. ALTARS OF INCENSE
V. RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS 1. A Gezer Altar
2. The Taanach Altar of Incense
LITERATURE
A. CRITICAL
I. Classification of Hebrew Altars.
Altar
(Heb. mizbe’ah, from a word meaning “to slay”), any structure of earth (Ex. 20:24) or unwrought stone (20:25) on which sacrifices were offered. Altars were generally erected in conspicuous places (Gen. 22:9; Ezek. 6:3; 2 Kings 23:12; 16:4; 23:8; Acts 14:13). The word is used in Heb. 13:10 for the sacrifice offered upon it—the sacrifice Christ offered.
Paul found among the many altars erected in Athens one bearing the inscription, “To the unknown God” (Acts 17:23), or rather “to an [i.e., some]…
The first altar of which we have any account is that built by Noah when he left the ark. (Genesis 8:20) In the early times altars were usually built in certain spots hallowed by religious associations, e.g., where God appeared. (Genesis 12:7; 13:18; 26:25; 35:1) Though generally erected for the offering of sacrifice, in some instances they appear to have been only memorials. (Genesis 12:7; Exodus 17:15,16) Altars were most probably originally made of earth. The law of Moses allowed them to be made of either earth or unhewn stones. (Exodus 20:24,25) I. The Altar of Burnt Offering . It differed in construction at…
A table-like structure, on which sacrifices and incense were offered, built of various materials, usually of stone, but sometimes of brass, etc. It is evident that sacrifices were offered long before the flood; but the first mention of an altar in Scripture is when Noah left the ark. Mention is made of altars reared by Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses. The latter was commanded to build an altar of earth, Ex 20:24. If stone was employed, it must be rough and unhewn, probably lest the practice of sculpture should lead them to violate the second commandment. It was not to be furnished with steps, De 27:2-6.
The altars in the Jewish tabernacle, and in the temple at Jerusalem, were the following: 1. The altar of burnt offerings. 2. The altar of incense. 3. The table of showbread, for…
The Hebrew word קֶ֫דֶם (*qedem*) means 'east' and also refers to 'front' or 'ancient time.' It is derived from another root and can indicate direction (eastward) or time (aforetime, antiquity). The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including geographical and temporal references, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
קֶ֫דֶם n.[m.] front, east, aforetime
loc.
front
East; elsewh. מִקּ׳ = eastward
temp., ancient time, aforetime:
הַרְרֵי ק׳ Dt 33:15 ancient mts.
בִּימֵי ק׳ ψ 44:2 in ancient days
מִקּ׳ from of old
ק׳ alone, as adv. anciently, of old
beginning
base
[קֵ֫דֶם], קֵ֫דְמָה adv. eastward, to, toward the E.
base
H6924a קֶ֫דֶם front, east, aforetime . loc. . front
. East
. temp. ancient time, aforetime
H6924b קֵ֫דֶם, קֵ֫דְמָה eastward, to, toward the E.
6924 qedem keh'-dem
or qedmah {kayd'-maw}; from 6923; the front, of place
(absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time
(antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently,
eastward):--aforetime, ancient (time), before, east (end,
part, side, -ward), eternal, X ever(-lasting), forward, old,
past. Compare 6926.
see HEBREW for 06923
see HEBREW for 06926
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — East.
This name means east, antiquity, front
קֵ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — east.
adv
eastward, to or toward the East
Another spelling of qe.dem (קֶ֫דֶם ": east" H6924)
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: east.
: east
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
1a) front, from the front or east, in front, mount of the East
1b) ancient time, aforetime, ancient, from of old, earliest time
1c) anciently, of old (adverb)
1d) beginning
1e) east
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: old.
: old/ancient
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
1a) front, from the front or east, in front, mount of the East
1b) ancient time, aforetime, ancient, from of old, earliest time
1c) anciently, of old (adverb)
1d) beginning
1e) east
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: forward.
: forward
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
Adv | Suff — Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffixHNcmsa/Sd
word: "Ward" and "guard" are two different spellings of the same word, and in consequence no clear line can be drawn between them. English Versions of the Bible, however, has used "guard" only in the sense of "a special body of soldiers" (Ge 37:36, etc.), while "ward" is used, not only in this sense (Jer 37:13; contrast 39:9), but also in a variety of others. So a "ward" may mean "any body of men on special duty," as 1Ch 9:23; the King James Version 1Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24,25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "watch"), or the duty itself, as Isa 21:8;
Ward
A prison (Gen. 40:3, 4); a watch-station (Isa. 21:8); a guard (Neh. 13:30).
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep — PrepositionHR
מָקוֹם (maqom) means 'place' and encompasses a variety of contexts, including a standing place, station, or post. It can refer to human abodes, localities, regions, and even figurative conditions of body or mind. The term is derived from a root meaning 'standing' and is used broadly in the Old Testament.
מָקוֹם, מָקֹם 399 n.m. standing-place, place
standing-place
station, where soldiers are placed
post, office
place where a thing belongs
esp.
place of human abode
of י׳’s abode
place
in gen. place, locality, spot
space, room
space, distance, between
region, quarter, direction
peculiar uses
base
H4725 מָקוֹם, מָקֹם standing-place, place . . standing-place
. station, where soldiers are placed
. post, office
. . place where a thing belongs
. esp. . place of human abode
. of י׳’s abode
. place
. in gen. place, locality, spot
. . space, room
. space, distance, between
. region, quarter, direction
. peculiar uses
4725 maqowm maw-kome'
or maqom {maw-kome'}; also (feminine) mqowmah {mek-o-mah'};
or mqomah {mek-o-mah'}; from 6965; properly, a standing, i.e.
a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific);
also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or
mind):--country, X home, X open, place, room, space, X
whither(-soever).
see HEBREW for 06965
מָקוֹם (ma.qom) — place.
1) standing place, place
1a) standing place, station, post, office
1b) place, place of human abode
1c) city, land, region
1d) place, locality, spot
1e) space, room, distance
1f) region, quarter, direction
1g) give place to, instead of
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
דֶּ֫שֶׁן (deshen) refers to fatness or abundance, often in a figurative sense, and specifically to the fatty ashes of sacrifices. It encompasses meanings related to fertility and blessing, as well as the ashes mixed with fat from victims. The word is derived from a root that emphasizes the concept of fat.
דֶּ֫שֶׁן n.m. fatness, fat ashes
fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil
fat ashes; i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with fat
base
H1880 דֶּ֫שֶׁן fatness, fat ashes . fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil
. fat ashes; i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with fat
1880 deshen deh'-shen
from 1878; the fat; abstractly fatness, i.e. (figuratively)
abundance; specifically the (fatty) ashes of sacrifices:--
ashes, fatness.
see HEBREW for 01878
דֶּ֫שֶׁן (de.shen) — ashes.
1) fat ashes, fatness
1a) fatness
1a1) of fertility
1a2) of blessing (fig.)
1b) fat ashes (ashes of victims, mixed with the fat)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
Ash
(Heb. o’ren, “tremulous”), mentioned only Isa. 44:14 (R.V., “fir tree”). It is rendered “pine tree” both in the LXX. and Vulgate versions. There is a tree called by the Arabs aran, found still in the valleys of Arabia Petraea, whose leaf resembles that of the mountain ash. This may be the tree meant. Our ash tree is not known in Syria.
(Heb. oren), only in (Isaiah 44:14) As the true ash is not a native of Palestine, some understand this to be a species of pine tree. Perhaps the larch (Laryx europaea) may be intended.
→ A tree Isa 44:14