Joshua 19:21 — Word Study
WLCוְרֶ֧מֶת וְעֵין־ גַּנִּ֛ים וְעֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ׃
BSARemethRemeth△ [a place in ancient Palestine] En-gannimʻÊyn Gannîym [fountain of the garden] En-haddahʻÊyn Chaddâh [swift fountain] and Beth-pazzezBêyth Patstsêts [house of dispersion]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְרֶ֧מֶת | and Remeth | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְעֵין־ | and En | Conjunction, noun proper |
| גַּנִּ֛ים | Gannim | Noun proper |
| וְעֵ֥ין | and En | Conjunction, noun proper |
| חַדָּ֖ה | Haddah | Noun proper |
| וּבֵ֥ית | and Beth | Conjunction, noun proper |
| פַּצֵּֽץ׃ | Pazzez | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez. |
| KJV | And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez; |
| ASV | and Remeth, and Engannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez, |
| YLT | and Remeth, and En-Gannim, and En-Haddah, and Beth-Pazzez; |
| WEB | Remeth, Engannim, En Haddah, and Beth Pazzez. |
| BBE | And Remeth and En-gannim and En-haddah and Beth-pazzez; |
Where they part company is in the specific names listed — see How Translations Differ.
The verse is a simple list of towns, emphasizing the allocation of land.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 19:21
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Inheritance of Issachargenerated
Joshua 19:21 lists the towns allocated to the tribe of Issachar, highlighting the geographical distribution of land in ancient Israel. This verse is part of a broader narrative detailing the inheritance of the tribes of Israel, as they settled in the Promised Land, fulfilling God's promises to them.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 21:29 | Jarmuth, and En-gannim—four cities, together with their pasturelands. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רֶמֶת, ve.Re.metgenerated
The word רֶמֶת (Remeth) is a proper noun referring to a specific location in ancient Palestine. It is likely connected to the root meaning 'height' or 'high place', which suggests it may have been situated on elevated ground.
The parsing indicates that it is a noun proper, meaning it is a specific name rather than a common noun. This highlights its significance as a recognized location within the context of the territory of Issachar.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations generally agree on the rendering of רֶמֶת as Remeth.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of a single main clause listing four towns: וְרֶ֧מֶת (and Remeth), וְעֵין־ (and En), גַּנִּ֛ים (Gannim), וְעֵ֥ין (and En), חַדָּ֖ה (Haddah), וּבֵ֥ית (and Beth), פַּצֵּֽץ (Pazzez).
The structure is straightforward, listing each town in succession, which emphasizes the completeness of the geographical allocation for the tribe.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רֶמֶת as ρεμμας, which maintains the proper noun status. This choice indicates a direct correspondence to the Hebrew name without additional interpretation.
The translation reflects an effort to preserve the original names of the towns, suggesting their importance in the historical and geographical context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 19:21 names several towns in the territory of Issachar: Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez. These towns are part of the land allocated to the tribe as they settled in the Promised Land.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Remeth likely means 'height' or 'high place', suggesting it was located on elevated ground.
These towns represent the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar, marking their settlement in the Promised Land.
Some names, like Remeth, may be connected to other biblical sites, indicating a continuity of place names in the region.
It illustrates the careful allocation of land among the tribes of Israel, fulfilling God's promise to give them their own territories.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the specific names of towns in Issachar's inheritance?
- How does understanding the geography of these towns enhance our reading of the biblical narrative?
- In what ways do the names of places reflect the history and culture of ancient Israel?
- How can we apply the concept of inheritance in our own lives today?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 19:21 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Remeth,.... Remeth seems to be the same with Jarmuth, Joshua 21:29; and with Ramoth, 1 Chronicles 6:73; and Engannim seems to be the same with Anem in 1 Chronicles 6:73: there were several of
Read John Gill on Joshua 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families. The fourth lot came out to Issachar.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEn-gannim; a different place from that En-gannim in the tribe of Judah, .
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(21) Er-Rameh (sheet 11), Jenin (sheet 8), Kefr- adán (sheet 8).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges20, 21. Rabbith, Kishion (1 Chronicles 6:72), Abez, Remeth (1 Chronicles 6:73), are all unknown. En-gannim] = the spring of the gardens, the modern Jenîn. Even now it justifies its ancient name; for the village lies, according to Robinson, Bib. Res. iii. 155, “in the midst of gardens of fruit trees, which are surrounded by hedges of the prickly pear.” But its most remarkable feature is a flowing, public fountain, rising in the hills at the back of the town, and brought down so that it issues in a copious stream in the midst of the place. Ahaziah was driving towards the mountain-pass by En-gannim (2 Kings 9:27—the Bethgan of the LXX. = En-gannim), when he was overtaken by Jehu, and fled to…
Read Cambridge on Joshua 19 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleEn-gannim - i. e. “fountain of gardens;” also a Levitical city Joshua 21:29, and called Ahem 1 Chronicles 6:73, the modern “Jenin,” a place on the main road from Jerusalem to Nazareth, just where it enters the plain of Jezreel.
Read Albert Barnes on Joshua 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible21. En-gannim is still found in Jenin, six or seven miles south of Jezreel.“It is now the chief town between Nazareth and Nablus, and contains about two thousand inhabitants, nearly all Moslems.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez.
Remeth, Engannim, En Haddah, and Beth Pazzez.
Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez.
Remeth, En Gannim, En Haddah and Beth Pazzez.
Tyndale line
And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez;
and Remeth, and Engannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez,
and Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez;
And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez;
And Remeth, and En-gannim, and Enhaddah, and Beth-pazzez.
Strictly literal
and Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez;
and Remeth, and En-Gannim, and En-Haddah, and Beth-Pazzez;
and Remeth, and En-Gannim, and En-Haddah, and Beth-Pazzez;
And Remeth, and 'En-gannim, and 'En-chaddah, and Beth-pazazz;
Remeth, En Gannim, En Haddah, and Beth Pazzez.
From the Latin
And Rameth and Engannim and Enhadda and Bethpheses.
Simplified
Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez.
And Remeth and En-gannim and En-haddah and Beth-pazzez;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the same names as found in the verse, confirming the consistency of the text. The Septuagint matches three of the seven words, indicating some agreement but differing in word order.
וְרֶ֧מֶת וְעֵין־ גַּנִּ֛ים וְעֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ׃
3 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 19:21
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רוּם (rum) refers to 'height' and is associated with the place name Remeth, a town in Issachar. It is likely connected to 'Ramoth' (רָמֹת), meaning 'heights,' found in Gilead. The entries indicate that Remeth is a geographical location, but they do not provide significant disagreement.
רָ(א)מוֹת 26 n.pr.
loc. Heights, Ramôth;
in Gilead
1 S 30:27
Levit. city in Issachar
m. Ezr 10:29 Qr
base
H7432 רוּם
7432 Remeth reh'-meth
from 7411; height; Remeth, a place in Palestine:--Remeth.
see HEBREW for 07411
רֶמֶת (re.met) — Remeth.
§ Remeth = "height"
a town in Issachar
probably the same as 'Ramoth' ra.mot gi.l.ad (רָמֹת "Ramoth" H7216G)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
re'-meth, rem'-eth (remeth; Codex Vaticanus Rhemmas; Codex Alexandrinus Rhamath): A place in the territory of Issachar named with En-gannim (Jos 19:21). It is probably identical with Ramoth of 1Ch 6:73, and Jarmuth of Jos 21:29. It is represented today by the village er-Rameh, situated on a hill which rises abruptly from the green plain about 11 miles Southwest of Jenin (Engannim). While the southern boundary of Issachar was, roughly, the southern edge of the plain of Esdraelon, the possessions of the tribes seem sometimes to have overlapped.
See JARMUTH; RAMOTH.
Remeth
Another form of Ramah (q.v.) or Ramoth (1 Chr. 6:73; Josh. 19:21), and probably also of Jarmuth (Josh. 21:29).
(height), one of the towns of Issachar. (Joshua 19:21) It is probably though not certainly, a distinct place from the RAMOTH of (1 Chronicles 6:73)
עֵין גַּנִּים n.pr.loc.
in the Shephelah
in Issachar
base
H5873 עֵין גַּנִּים, עָנֵם
5873 `Eyn Ganniym ane gan-neem'
from 5869 and the plural of 1588; fountain of gardens;
En-Gannim, a place in Palestine:--En-gannim.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 01588
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
§ En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city in the low country of Judah
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city on the border of Issachar and allotted to the Gershonite Levites
Also named: a.nem (עָנֵם "Anem" H6046)
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
at the beginning of many Hebrew words, signifies a spring or fountain.
A fountain compounded with many names of towns and places; as En- dor, En-gedi, En-eglaim, En-shemesh, that is, the fountain of Dor, etc.
עֵין גַּנִּים n.pr.loc.
in the Shephelah
in Issachar
base
H5873 עֵין גַּנִּים, עָנֵם
5873 `Eyn Ganniym ane gan-neem'
from 5869 and the plural of 1588; fountain of gardens;
En-Gannim, a place in Palestine:--En-gannim.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 01588
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
§ En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city in the low country of Judah
עֵין גַּנִּים (en gan.nim) — En-gannim.
En-gannim = "fountain of the garden"
a city on the border of Issachar and allotted to the Gershonite Levites
Also named: a.nem (עָנֵם "Anem" H6046)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
עֵין חַדָּה n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:21
ref
H5876 עֵין חַדָּה
5876 `Eyn Chaddah ane khad-daw'
from 5869 and the feminine of a derivative from 2300;
fountain of sharpness; En-Chaddah, a place in
Palestine:--En-haddah.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 02300
עֵין חַדָּה (en chad.dah) — En-haddah.
§ En-haddah = "swift fountain"
one of the cities on the border of Issachar
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
at the beginning of many Hebrew words, signifies a spring or fountain.
A fountain compounded with many names of towns and places; as En- dor, En-gedi, En-eglaim, En-shemesh, that is, the fountain of Dor, etc.
עֵין חַדָּה n.pr.loc. in Issachar Jos 19:21
ref
H5876 עֵין חַדָּה
5876 `Eyn Chaddah ane khad-daw'
from 5869 and the feminine of a derivative from 2300;
fountain of sharpness; En-Chaddah, a place in
Palestine:--En-haddah.
see HEBREW for 05869
see HEBREW for 02300
עֵין חַדָּה (en chad.dah) — En-haddah.
§ En-haddah = "swift fountain"
one of the cities on the border of Issachar
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
בֵּית פַּצֵּץ n.pr.loc. in Issachar (place of dispersion) Jos 19:21; site unknown.
done
H1048 בֵּית פַּצֵּץ
1048 Beyth Patstsets bayth pats-tsates'
from 1004 and a derivative from 6327; house of dispersion;
Beth-Patstsets, a place in Palestine:--Beth-pazzez.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 06327
בֵּית פַּצֵּץ (bet pats.tsets) — Beth-pazzez.
§ Beth-pazzez = "house of dispersion"
a place in Issachar
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית פַּצֵּץ n.pr.loc. in Issachar (place of dispersion) Jos 19:21; site unknown.
done
H1048 בֵּית פַּצֵּץ
1048 Beyth Patstsets bayth pats-tsates'
from 1004 and a derivative from 6327; house of dispersion;
Beth-Patstsets, a place in Palestine:--Beth-pazzez.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 06327
בֵּית פַּצֵּץ (bet pats.tsets) — Beth-pazzez.
§ Beth-pazzez = "house of dispersion"
a place in Issachar
HNpl — Noun properHNpl