Joshua 19:33 — Word Study
WLCוַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מֵחֵ֨לֶף מֵֽאֵל֜וֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל עַד־ לַקּ֑וּם וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
BSATheir bordergᵉbûwl [boundary, territorial limit] startedhâyâh▸ at HelephCheleph△ [a place of exchange] and the great treeʼAllôwn [oak, Allon] of ZaanannimTsaʻănannîym [a location with a significant tree] and JabneelYabnᵉʼêl [God causes to build] as far asʻad [until, up to] LakkumLaqqûwm△ [a town on the northern border] and endinghâyâh▸ [having its outgoings, terminating] at the JordanYardên [the river, a key location in Israel's history]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיְהִ֣י | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| גְבוּלָ֗ם | border their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מֵחֵ֨לֶף | from Heleph | Preposition, noun proper |
| מֵֽאֵל֜וֹן | from [the] great tree | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים | in Zaanannim | Preposition, noun proper |
| וַאֲדָמִ֥י | and Adami | Conjunction, noun proper |
| הַנֶּ֛קֶב | Nekeb | Particle, noun proper |
| וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל | and Jabneel | Conjunction, noun proper |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| לַקּ֑וּם | Lakkum | Noun proper |
| וַיְהִ֥י | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו | extremities its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ | the Jordan | Particle, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Their border started at Heleph and the great tree of Zaanannim, passing Adami-nekeb and Jabneel as far as Lakkum and ending at the Jordan. |
| KJV | And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan: |
| ASV | And their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, and Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum; and the goings out thereof were at the Jordan; |
| YLT | and their border is from Heleph, from Allon in Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum, and its outgoings are [at] the Jordan; |
| WEB | Their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, to Lakkum. It ended at the Jordan. |
| BBE | And their limit was from Heleph, from the oak-tree in Zaanannim, and Adami-hannekeb and Jabneel, as far as Lakkum, ending at Jordan; |
Where they part company is וַיְהִ֥י — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several prepositional phrases detailing the starting and ending points of the border.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
4 of 13 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 19:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Allotment of Naphtaligenerated
Joshua 19:33 outlines the geographical boundaries of the tribe of Naphtali, detailing the starting point at Heleph and concluding at the Jordan River. This passage is part of a larger section where the land is divided among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing the importance of territory in their identity and heritage.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judges 4:11 | Now Heber the Kenite had moved away from the Kenites, the descendants of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent by the great tree of Zaanannim, which was near Kedesh. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גְבוּלָ֗ם, ge.vu.Lamgenerated
The noun גְבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a boundary or border, indicating a defined territory. It can denote physical limits, such as the borders of the Promised Land, and is often used in contexts involving land division, as seen in Numbers 34:1-12.
The construct form with the suffix indicates possession, meaning "their border." This emphasizes the ownership and significance of the land to the tribe of Naphtali.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations generally agree on the meaning of גְבוּלָ֗ם as "their border." The BSB, KJV, and ASV all use the term "border," while the YLT and WEB also reflect this meaning.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַיְהִ֥י (vay.Hi), meaning "and it was," governs the entire verse, indicating the beginning of a description of the borders. The structure is straightforward, with a series of prepositional phrases detailing the starting point and the path of the border.
The order of the phrases emphasizes the geographical progression from the starting point at Heleph through various locations until it reaches the Jordan, marking the territorial limits clearly.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גְבוּלָ֗ם with a term indicating a boundary, but the specific Greek word is not provided in the data. This suggests a consistent understanding of the concept of borders across translations.
The choice of translation may reflect a broader interpretation of the boundaries of the land, aligning with the historical context of territorial divisions in ancient Israel.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 19:33 describes the border of the tribe of Naphtali, starting at a place called Heleph and the great tree of Zaanannim, passing through Adami-nekeb and Jabneel, and ending at the Jordan River. This verse highlights the importance of land and its boundaries for the tribes of Israel.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The border represents the territorial limits assigned to the tribe of Naphtali, which is significant for their identity and heritage.
Specific locations help to define the exact boundaries of the territory, providing clarity on the land that belongs to Naphtali.
The Jordan River is a key geographical feature in Israel's history, serving as a natural boundary and a significant location for many biblical events.
This verse is part of the broader narrative in Joshua where the land of Canaan is divided among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promises to His people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do you think the boundaries of your own life are, and how do they shape your identity?
- How can understanding the historical context of these borders enhance your reading of Scripture?
- In what ways can you appreciate the significance of land and territory in your own faith journey?
- How does the mention of specific locations in the Bible help you connect with the text more personally?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 19:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd their coast was from Heleph,.... That is, their northern coast, reaching from west to east, as appears by the ending of it at Jordan; the Alexandrian copy of the Greek version calls it Mlepeh,
Read John Gill on Joshua 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan: No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTheir coast; their northern border, drawn from west to east, as appears, because when this coast is described and brought to its end, the coast is said to turn from the east westward, . The outgoings, i.e. the end of that coast.
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(33) And their coast was . . .—This verse is thus translated by Conder, “Their coast was from Heleph and the Plain of Bitzanannim and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel,unto Lakum,and the outgoings were at Jordan.” The east border of the tribe is Jordan, including the waters of Merom and the Sea of Galilee. The tribe of Issachar on the south, and the tribes of Zebulun and Asher on the west, are conterminous with Naphtali. The places mentioned are identified as follows:— Heleph.—(Beit Lif, sheet 4). The plain of Bitzanannim (Kh.-Bessum, sheet 6). Adami (Kh.-Admah, sheet 9): this is the southernmost of all the towns named. Nekeb (Kh.-Seiyâdeh, sheet 6). Jabneel (Yemma, sheet 5). All the above places…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges33. And their coast] The territory appropriated to the tribe was bounded (a) on the west by Asher, (b) on the south by Zebulun and Issachar, (c) on the east by the Sea of Gennesaret and the Jordan, while (d) on the north it reached far up into Cœle-Syria, “the splendid valley which separates the two ranges of Lebanon.” from Heleph] Apparently the west border towards Asher is first described, with the north and east boundary. The southern border is defined in Joshua 19:34. Heleph is unknown. Allon to Zaanannim] = the oak, or terebinth, by Zaanannim. It is the same place, on the N. W. of Lake Merom, as that mentioned in Judges 4:11, where Sisera was slain by Jael, “the wife of Heber the…
Read Cambridge on Joshua 19 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleFrom Allon to Zaanannim - Render “from the oak forest at Zaanannim.” From Judges 4:11 it appears that this oak or oak-forest was near Kedesh.
Read Albert Barnes on Joshua 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible33. The cities here mentioned are so far unknown that there is great difficulty in attempting an accurate description of the boundaries of this tribe.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Their border started at Heleph and the great tree of Zaanannim, passing Adami-nekeb and Jabneel as far as Lakkum and ending at the Jordan.
Their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, to Lakkum. It ended at the Jordan.
Their border started at Heleph and the great tree of Zaanannim, passing Adami-nekeb and Jabneel as far as Lakkum and ending at the Jordan.
Their border started at Heleph and the oak of Zaanannim, went to Adami Nekeb, Jabneel and on to Lakkum, and ended at the Jordan River.
Tyndale line
And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan:
And their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, and Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum; and the goings out thereof were at the Jordan;
And their border was from Heleph, from the oak in Zaanannim, and Adami-nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum; and the goings out thereof were at Jordan:
And their border was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, to Lakum; and the limits thereof were at Jordan:
And their coast was from Heleph, and from Allon in Zaanannim, and Adaminekeb, and Iabneel, euen to Lakum, and the ends thereof are at Iorden.
Strictly literal
And their border was from Heleph, from the oak of Zaanannim; and Adami-nekeb and Jabneel to Lakkum; and ended at the Jordan;
and their border is from Heleph, from Allon in Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakkum, and its outgoings are [at] the Jordan;
and their border is from Heleph, from Allon in Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, to Lakkum, and its outgoings are [at] the Jordan;
And their boundary was from Cheleph, from Allon-beza-'anannim, and Adami-hanekeb, and Yabneel, as far as Lakkum; and its terminations were at the Jordan;
Their border ran from Heleph, from the oak at Zaanannim, on to Adami Nekeb and Jabneel, as far as Lakkum; it ended at the Jordan.
From the Latin
And the border began from Heleph and Elon to Saananim, and Adami, which is Neceb, and Jebnael even to Lecum: and their outgoings unto the Jordan:
Simplified
Their boundary began at Heleph, by the oak at Zaananim, and went across to Adami-nekeb, Jabneel, and up to Lakkum, and ending at the Jordan.
And their limit was from Heleph, from the oak-tree in Zaanannim, and Adami-hannekeb and Jabneel, as far as Lakkum, ending at Jordan;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show some alignment, but only five of the thirteen words match directly. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, indicating a distinct interpretation or adaptation.
וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מֵחֵ֨לֶף מֵֽאֵל֜וֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל עַד־ לַקּ֑וּם וַיְהִ֥י תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
5 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 19:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
חֵ֫לֶף n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, site unknown Jos 19:33.
done
H2501 חֵ֫לֶף, חֶלֶף
2501 Cheleph kheh'lef
the same as 2500; change; Cheleph, a place in
Palestine:--Heleph.
see HEBREW for 02500
חֵ֫לֶף (che.leph) — Heleph.
§ Heleph = "exchange"
the place from which the boundary of Naphtali started
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
he'-lef (cheleph): A place on the southern border of Naphtali (Jos 19:33); unidentified.
Heleph
Exchange, a city on the north border of Naphtali (Josh. 19:33).
(exchange), the place from which the boundary of the tribe of Naphtali started. (Joshua 19:33)
changing; passing over
אַלּוֹן (al-lone) refers to an oak tree and is associated with the meaning "great tree." It appears as a proper name for a man from the tribe of Simeon, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:37, and also denotes a city in Naphtali. The word is closely related to another Hebrew term, אֲלוֹן (H437).
אַלּוֹן n.pr.m. (oak) a Simeonite 1 Ch 4:37
ref
H438 אַלּוֹן
438 'Allown al-lone'
the same as 437; Allon, an Israelite, also a place in
Palestine:--Allon.
see HEBREW for 0437
אַלּוֹן (al.lon) — oak.
§ Allon = "great tree" or "oak"
city in Naphtali
אַלּוֹן (al.lon) — Allon.
A man of the tribe of Simeon(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.37;
son of: Jedaiah (H3042);
father of: Shiphi (H8230)
§ Allon = "great tree" or "oak"
1) city in Naphtali
2) a Simeonite
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
צַעֲנַנִּים (tsa`ananniym) refers to a place name, specifically Zaanannim or Zaanaim, located in the territory of Naphtali near Kedesh. The term is derived from a root meaning 'removals' and is noted as a dual form, indicating its geographical significance.
צַעֲנַנִּים n.pr.loc. on border of Naphtali, near Ḳedesh
base
H6815 צַעֲנַנִּים
6815 Tsa`ananniym tsah-an-an-neem'
or (dual) Tsaeanayim {tsah-an-ah'-yim}; plural from 6813;
removals; Tsaanannim or Tsaanajim, a place in
Palestine:--Zaannannim, Zaanaim.
see HEBREW for 06813
צַעֲנַנִּים (tsa.a.nan.nim) — Zaanannim.
§ Zaanannim or Zaanaim = "removings"
a place in Naphtali near Kedesh
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Zaanannim
=Zaanaim, (Josh. 19:33).
movings; a person asleep
→ See ZAANAIM
אֲדָמִי הַנֶּ֫קֶב n.pr.loc. pass in Naphtali, Jos 19:33 v. נקב.
done
H129 נֶ֫קֶב
129 'Adamiy ad-aw-mee'
from 127; earthy; Adami, a place in Palestine:--Adami.
see HEBREW for 0127
אֲדָמִי (a.da.mi) — Adami.
§ Adami = "man of Adar"
a pass or fortified place in Naphtali
HC/Npl — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
ad'-a-mi; a-da'-mi: Mentioned in the King James Version as a separate name, where the Revised Version (British and American) has ADAMI-NEKEB, which see (Jos 19:33).
(my man, earth), a place on the border of Naphtali. (Joshua 19:33)
my man; red; earthy; human
→ See ADAMAH
נֶ֫קֶב n.pr.loc. only in Jos 19:33; on border of Naphtali; appar. a pass
ref
H5346 נֶ֫קֶב
5346 Neqeb neh'-keb
the same as 5345; dell; Nekeb, a place in Palestine:--Nekeb.
see HEBREW for 05345
הַנֶּ֫קֶב (ne.qev) — (Adami)-nekeb.
Combined with a.da.mi (אֲדָמִי "Adami" H0129)
§ Nekeb or Nekeb = "cavern"
one of the towns on the boundary of Naphtali
HTd/Npl — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ne'-keb: This name occurs only in combination with "Adami" ('adhami ha-neqebh, "Adami of the pass"); Septuagint reads the names of two places: kai Arme kai Nabok (B); kai Armai kai Nakeb (Jos 19:33), so we should possibly read "Adami and Nekeb." Neubauer says (Geog. du Talmud, 225) that later the name of Nekeb was Ciyadathah. It may therefore be represented by the modern Seiyadeh, not far from ed-Damieh to the East of Tabor, about 4 miles Southwest of Tiberias. The name of Nekeb, a town in Galilee, appears in the list of Thothmes III.
Nekeb
Cavern, a town on the boundary of Naphtali (Josh. 19:33). It has with probability, been identified with Seiyadeh, nearly 2 miles east of Bessum, a ruin half way between Tiberias and Mount Tabor.
(cavern), one of the towns on the boundary of Naphtali. (Joshua 19:3) It lay between Adami and Jabneel. A great number of commentators have taken this name as being connected with the preceding.
→ A city in territory of the tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:33
יַבְנְאֵל (Yabn'el) refers to two towns in ancient Palestine, one in Judah and another in Naphtali. The name means 'God causes to build' and is derived from the roots for 'build' and 'God.' There is some overlap with the name Jabneh (יַבְנֶה), which is also noted.
יַבְנְאֵל n.pr.loc. (Ēl causeth to build)—
town of Judah
town in Naphtali
base
H2995 יַבְנְאֵל
2995 Yabn'el yab-neh-ale'
from 1129 and 410: built of God; Jabneel, the name of two
places in Palestine:--Jabneel.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 0410
יַבְנְאֵל (yav.ne.el) — Jabneel.
Jabneel = "God causes to build"
a town in Judah on the northern boundary near the sea
Also named: yav.neh (יַבְנֶה "Jabneh" H2996)
יַבְנְאֵל (yav.ne.el) — Jabneel.
§ Jabneel = "God causes to build"
a town in Naphtali on the boundary in upper Galilee
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Jabneel
Built by God. (1.) A town in the north boundary of Judah (Josh. 15:11), called afterwards by the Greeks Jamnia, the modern Yebna, 11 miles south of Jaffa. After the fall of Jerusalem (A.D. 70), it became one of the most populous cities of Judea, and the seat of a celebrated school.
(2.) A town on the border of Naphtali (Josh. 19:33). Its later name was Kefr Yemmah, “the village by the sea,” on the south shore of Lake Merom.
(building of God). One of the points on the northern boundary of Judah, not quite at the sea, though near it. (Joshua 15:11) There is no sign, however, of its ever having been occupied by Judah. Josephus attributes it to the Danites. There was a constant struggle going on between that tribe and the Philistines for the possession of all the places in the lowland plains, and it is not surprising that the next time we meet with Jabneel it should be in the hands of the latter. (2 Chronicles 26:6) Uzziah dispossessed them of it and demolished its fortifications. Called also JABNEH. At the time of the fall of Jerusalem, Jabneh was one of the most populous places of Judea. The modern village of Yebna , more accurately Ibna , stands about two miles from the sea, on a slight eminence just…
building of God
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
לַקּוּם n.pr.loc. northern border-town of Naphtali, Jos 19:33 (P)
ref
H3946 לַקּוּם
3946 Laqquwm lak-koom'
from an unused root thought to mean to stop up by a
barricade; perhaps fortification; Lakkum, a place in
Palestine:--Lakum.
לַקּוּם (laq.qum) — Lakkum.
§ Lakum = "fortification"
a town on the northern border of Naphtali
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
lak'-um (laqqum; the King James Version, Lakum): An unidentified town on the border of Naphtali, named with Adami, Nekeb and Jabneel, apparently nearer the Jordan (Jos 19:33).
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
תּוֹצָאָה (towtsa'ah) refers to the concept of an outgoing or exit, often associated with geographical boundaries or figurative meanings like deliverance and source. It can denote extremities, borders, or even an escape from death. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to go out' and appears only in the plural form.
[תּוֹצָאָה] n.f. outgoing, extremity, source (?), escape
base
H8444 תּוֹצָאָה
8444 towtsa'ah to-tsaw-aw'
or totsaah {to-tsaw-aw'}; from 3318; (only in plural
collective) exit, i.e. (geographical) boundary, or
(figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source:--border(-s),
going(-s) forth (out), issues, outgoings.
see HEBREW for 03318
תּוֹצָאָה (to.tsa.ah) — outgoing.
1) outgoing, border, a going out, extremity, end, source, escape
1a) outgoing, extremity (of border)
1b) source (of life)
1c) escape (from death)
HNcfpc/Sp3ms — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
יַרְדֵן (Yarden) refers to the Jordan River, named for its meaning 'descender.' It is the main river in Palestine, flowing approximately 200 miles from Anti-Lebanon to the Dead Sea. The entries consistently identify it as a geographical feature without significant disagreement.
יַרְדֵן 182 n.pr.fl. Jordan
base
H3383 יַרְדֵן Jordan
3383 Yarden yar-dane'
from 3381; a descender; Jarden, the principal river of
Palestine:--Jordan.
see HEBREW for 03381
יַרְדֵּן (yar.den) — Jordan.
Jordan = "descender"
the river of Palestine running from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the Dead Sea a distance of approx 200 miles (320 km)
Also named: Iordanēs (Ἰορδάνης "Jordan" G2446)
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
jor'-dan (yarden, "flowing downward"; 'Iordanes):
1. Source:
The Jordan river proper begins at the junction of four streams (the Bareighit, the Hasbany, the Leddan, and the Banias), in the upper part of the plain of Lake Huleh. The Bareighit receives its supply of water from the hills on the West, which separate the valley from the river Litany, and is the least important of the four. The Hasbany is the longest of the four (40 miles), issuing from a great fountain at the western foot of Mt. Hermon near Hasbeiya, 1,700 ft. above the sea, and descends 1,500 ft. in its course to the plain. The Leddan is the largest of the four streams, issuing in several fountains at the foot of the mound Tell el-kady (Dan, or Laish) at an elevation of 505 ft. above the sea. The Banias issues from a celebrated fountain near the town of Banias, which is identified as the Caesarea Philippi associated with the…
Jordan
Heb. Yarden, “the descender;” Arab. Nahr-esh-Sheriah, “the watering-place” the chief river of Palestine. It flows from north to south down a deep valley in the centre of the country. The name descender is significant of the fact that there is along its whole course a descent to its banks; or it may simply denote the rapidity with which it “descends” to the Dead Sea.
It originates in the snows of Hermon, which feed its perennial fountains. Two sources are generally spoken of. (1.) From the western base of a hill on which once stood the city of Dan, the northern border-city of Palestine, there gushes forth a considerable fountain called the Leddan, which is the largest fountain in Syria and the principal source of the Jordan. (2.) Beside the ruins of Banias, the ancient Caesarea Philippi and the yet more ancient Panium, is a lofty cliff of limestone, at the base of which…
(the descender), the one river of Palestine, has a course of little more than 200 miles, from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the head of the Dead Sea. (136 miles in a straight line. --Schaff.) It is the river of the "great plain" of Palestine --the "descender," if not "the river of God" in the book of Psalms, at least that of his chosen people throughout their history. There were fords over against Jericho, to which point the men of Jericho pursued the spies. (Joshua 2:7) comp. Judg 3:28 Higher up where the fords or passages of Bethbarah, where Gideon lay in wait for the Midianites, (Judges 7:24) and where the men of Gilead slew the Ephraimites. ch. (Judges 12:6) These fords…
The chief river of Palestine, running from north to south, and dividing the Holy Land into two parts, of which the larger and more important lay on the west. There are two small streams, each of which claims to be its source. One of these, near Banias, anciently Caesarea Philippi, issues from a large cave in a rocky mountain side, and flows several miles towards the south-west, where it is joined by the second and larger stream, which originates in a fountain at Tellel-Kady, three miles west of Banias. But besides these, there is a third and longer stream, which rises beyond the northern limit of Palestine, near Hasbeia on the west side of mount Hermon, flows twenty-four miles to the south, and unites with the other streams before they enter the "waters of Merom," now lake Huleh, the Jordan flows about nine miles south-ward to the sea of Tiberias, through which its clear and smooth…