Leviticus 26:32 — Word Study
WLCוַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־ הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ׃
BSAAnd Iʼănîy [the Lord myself] will lay wasteshâmêm [bring into desolation, devastate] the landʼerets [the earth, the promised territory] so that your enemiesʼôyêb [adversaries, those who oppose you] who dwellyâshab [reside, live] will be appalledshâmêm [astonished, horrified]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י | and I will devastate | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| אֲנִ֖י | I | Pronoun |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הָאָ֑רֶץ | the land | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ | and they will be appalled | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ | on it | Preposition, suffix |
| אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם | enemies your | Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common, suffix |
| הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים | who dwell | Particle, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural |
| בָּֽהּ׃ | in it | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled. |
| KJV | And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it. |
| ASV | And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it. |
| YLT | and I have made desolate the land, and your enemies, who are dwelling in it, have been astonished at it. |
| WEB | I will bring the land into desolation, and your enemies who dwell in it will be astonished at it. |
| BBE | And I will make your land a waste, a wonder to your haters living in it. |
Where they part company is שָׁמֵם — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with two subordinate phrases that clarify the subject and the consequences.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֲנִי
verbשָׁמֵם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Leviticus 26:32
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Consequences of Disobediencegenerated
Leviticus 26:32 is part of a larger section where God outlines the consequences for Israel's disobedience to His commandments. The surrounding verses detail how their actions will lead to devastation, both in their cities and in their land, emphasizing the seriousness of their covenantal relationship with God. This warning serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness and obedience.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 29:23 | All its soil will be a burning waste of sulfur and salt, unsown and unproductive, with no plant growing on it, just like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the LORD overthrew in His fierce anger. |
| 2 | Isaiah 1:7–8 | Your land is desolate; your cities are burned with fire. Foreigners devour your fields before you— a desolation demolished by strangers. |
| 3 | Isaiah 5:6–9 | I will make it a wasteland, neither pruned nor cultivated, and thorns and briers will grow up. I will command the clouds that rain shall not fall on it.” |
| 4 | Isaiah 6:11 | Then I asked: “How long, O Lord?” And He replied: “Until the cities lie ruined and without inhabitant, until the houses are left unoccupied and the land is desolate and ravaged, |
| 5 | Isaiah 24:1 | Behold, the LORD lays waste the earth and leaves it in ruins. He will twist its surface and scatter its inhabitants— |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 22 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁמֵם, va.ha.shi.mo.Tigenerated
The verb שָׁמֵם (shamem) means to devastate or leave desolate. It conveys the sense of a place being left empty and destroyed, often as a result of conflict or divine judgment. The parsing indicates it is in the Hiphil form, which suggests a causative action — here, God actively brings about desolation.
This word appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, often in contexts related to destruction and devastation, indicating the serious consequences of turning away from God's commands. The use of the verb in this verse highlights the severity of the punishment awaiting the Israelites if they fail to heed God's warnings.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י (and I will devastate) governs the entire clause, with a subject pronoun אֲנִ֖י (I) preceding it. The structure indicates a straightforward declaration of intent, followed by a consequence clause introduced by כֵּן (so that).
The sentence unfolds with the subject and verb leading into the object and the following clauses that describe the enemies and their reaction, showing a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁמֵם as ἐχερημώσω, which means 'I will make desolate.' This choice reflects a similar meaning but with a slightly different emphasis on the act of making desolate rather than simply leaving desolate.
This translation indicates a more active role of God in the destruction, aligning with the overall theme of divine judgment found throughout the text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Leviticus 26:32 states that God will devastate the land, causing the enemies living there to be horrified. This verse is part of a warning to Israel about the consequences of disobedience and serves as a reminder of God's authority over the land.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God will bring destruction to the land as a consequence of Israel's disobedience, leading to desolation and abandonment.
The enemies refer to those who oppose Israel, likely foreign nations that would take advantage of Israel's weakened state due to their disobedience.
The appalling reaction of the enemies indicates the extent of the devastation, showing that even those who oppose Israel would be shocked by the severity of the destruction.
This verse highlights the consequences of breaking the covenant, emphasizing that disobedience leads to destruction, while faithfulness would lead to blessing.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I observe the consequences of disobedience in my own life?
- How does understanding God's judgment help me appreciate His mercy?
- What steps can I take to ensure I remain faithful to God's commands?
- How can I support others in understanding the seriousness of their relationship with God?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Leviticus 26:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will bring the land into desolation,.... The whole country of Judea, cities, towns, villages, fields, vineyards, c.
Read John Gill on Leviticus 26 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 26 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHaving driven you out and possessed your places. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 26 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLeviticus 26:32 And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it.Ver. 32. Which dwell therein.] After that you shall be driven out of it.
Read John Trapp on Leviticus 26 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(32) And I will bring the land into desolation. Better, And I myself will bring, &c. From the ruin of the cities and the sanctuaries the desolation extends to the whole country. Whilst the devastations hitherto were the result of God permitting hostile invasions and conquests, the desolation of the whole country and the dispersion of the Israelites described in the following verses are to be the work of God Himself. He who has promised to bless the land in so marvellous a manner (Leviticus 26:4-10) as a reward for their obedience, will Himself reduce it to the most astounding desolation as a punishment for their disobedience, so much so, that their very enemies will be amazed at it…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 26 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges32. shall be astonished] Cp. Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8.
Read Cambridge on Leviticus 26 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible32. Desolation — “When Elisha came up the defile from Jericho to Bethel, forests clothed the surrounding heights, (2 Kings 2:24;) now there is not a tree.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 26 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled.
I will bring the land into desolation, and your enemies who dwell in it will be astonished at it.
And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled.
I myself will make the land desolate and your enemies who live in it will be appalled.
Tyndale line
And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
And I will bring the land into desolation; and your enemies that dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies who dwell in it shall be astonished at it.
I will also bring the land vnto a wildernes, and your enemies, which dwell therein, shalbe astonished thereat.
Strictly literal
And I will bring the land into desolation; that your enemies who dwell there in may be astonished at it.
and I have made desolate the land, and your enemies, who are dwelling in it, have been astonished at it.
and I have made the land desolate, and your enemies who are dwelling in it have been astonished at it.
And I will surely make desolate the land: and your enemies who dwell therein shall be astonished at it.
I will devastate the land. Your enemies who will live there will be shocked at the devastation.
From the Latin
And I will destroy your land, and your enemies shall be astonished at it, when they shall be the inhabitants thereof.
Simplified
I will devastate your land myself, so that your enemies who come and live in it will be horrified at what has happened.
And I will make your land a waste, a wonder to your haters living in it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word with the Hebrew. The Septuagint matches closely, although it presents a different word order and structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls show partial agreement but include editorial restorations, indicating some damage to the text.
וַהֲשִׁמֹּתִ֥י אֲנִ֖י אֶת־ הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָֽׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בָּֽהּ׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והשׁמתי אני את הארץ ושׁממו עליה איביכם הישׁבים בה
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
והשמתי אני [את] [הארץ] [ושממו] [עלי׳ה] [איבי׳כם] [הישבים] ב׳ה
3 words on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 26:32
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁמֵם (shamem) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be desolated or appalled. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses a range of meanings including to stun, devastate, and cause horror. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances like being made desolate or causing desolation.
[שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled
Qal
be desolated
be appalled, awestruck
Niph.
be desolated
be appalled
Pō‛.
I sat appalled
transit. appalling, causing horror
Hiph.
devastate, ravage
appal
inwardly trans., shewing horror
Hoph. all the days of (its) being desolate
Hithpō‛.
be appalled, astounded
cause oneself desolation, ruin
base
H8074 [שָׁמֵם] be desolated, appalled
8074 shamem shaw-mame'
a primitive root; to stun (or intransitively, grow numb),
i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a
passive sense):--make amazed, be astonied, (be an)
astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make)
desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay,
lie, make) waste, wonder.
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: destroyed.
: destroyed/deserted
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate
1b2) to be appalled
1c) (Polel)
1c1) to be stunned
1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)
1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated
1d2) to appal, show horror
1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated
1f) (Hithpolel)
1f1) to cause to be desolate
1f2) to be appalled, be astounded
1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: appalled.
: appalled
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vhq1cs
אֲנִי, transliterated as aniy, is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is often used for emphasis and can also imply possession, as in 'mine' or 'myself.' The word is derived from a form that indicates self-reference, and it appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי pron. 1s. comm. I
base
H589 אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי I
589 'aniy an-ee'
contracted from 595; I:--I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, X
which, X who.
see HEBREW for 0595
אֲנִי (a.ni) — I.
I (first pers. sing. -usually used for emphasis)
Pron — PronounHPp1bs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
((1) 'erets;
(2) 'adhamah;
(3) sadheh,
"a piece of land";
(4) ge, "earth";
(5) agros, "field";
(6) chora, "region";
(7) chorion, diminutive of chora;
(8) xeros, "dry land";
(9) 'ezrach, "native" the King James Version "born in the land," "born among you," the Revised Version (British and American) "home-born" (Le 19:34; 14:16; Nu 15:30); "like a green tree in its native soil" (Ps 37:35)):
→ Appeared on the third creative day Ge 1:9
→ Original title to, from God Ge 13:14-17; 15:7; Ex 23:31; Le 25:23
→ Bought and sold Ge 23:3-18; 33:19; Ac 4:34; 5:1-8
→ Sale and redemption of, laws concerning Le 25:15,16,23-33; 27:17-24; Nu 36:4; Jer 32:7-16,25,44; Eze 46:18
שָׁמֵם (shamem) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be desolated or appalled. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses a range of meanings including to stun, devastate, and cause horror. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances like being made desolate or causing desolation.
[שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled
Qal
be desolated
be appalled, awestruck
Niph.
be desolated
be appalled
Pō‛.
I sat appalled
transit. appalling, causing horror
Hiph.
devastate, ravage
appal
inwardly trans., shewing horror
Hoph. all the days of (its) being desolate
Hithpō‛.
be appalled, astounded
cause oneself desolation, ruin
base
H8074 [שָׁמֵם] be desolated, appalled
8074 shamem shaw-mame'
a primitive root; to stun (or intransitively, grow numb),
i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a
passive sense):--make amazed, be astonied, (be an)
astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make)
desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay,
lie, make) waste, wonder.
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: destroyed.
: destroyed/deserted
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate
1b2) to be appalled
1c) (Polel)
1c1) to be stunned
1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)
1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated
1d2) to appal, show horror
1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated
1f) (Hithpolel)
1f1) to cause to be desolate
1f2) to be appalled, be astounded
1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: appalled.
: appalled
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3fs
אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.
[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
base
H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
341 'oyeb o-yabe'
or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;
hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.
see HEBREW for 0340
אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.
1) (Qal) enemy
1a) personal
1b) national
V-Qal | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffixHVqrmpc/Sp2mp
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine pluralHTd/Vqrmpa
dwel:
(1) In the Old Testament "dwell" is a translation of 9 words, of which by far the most frequent is yashabh, "to sit down," translated "dwell" over 400 times (Ge 4:20; Jos 20:4; 1Ch 17:1,4,5, etc.); also very frequently "sit," and sometimes "abide," "inhabit," "remain." Another word often rendered "dwell" is shakhan or shakhen ("to settle down"), from which is derived the rabbinic word shekhinah (literally, "that which dwells"), the light on the mercy-seat which symbolized the Divine presence (Ex 25:8, etc.). In order to avoid appearing to localize the Divine Being, wherever God is said to "dwell" in a place, the Targum renders that He "causes His Shekinah to dwell"…
Dwell
Tents were in primitive times the common dwellings of men. Houses were afterwards built, the walls of which were frequently of mud (Job 24:16; Matt. 6:19, 20) or of sun-dried bricks.
God “dwells in light” (1 Tim. 6:16; 1 John 1:7), in heaven (Ps. 123:1), in his church (Ps. 9:11; 1 John 4:12). Christ dwelt on earth in the days of his humiliation (John 1:14). He now dwells in the hearts of his people (Eph.…
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
HRd/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3fs