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Proverbs 1:23 — Word Study

Depth

WLCתָּשׁ֗וּבוּ לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃

BSAIf you had repentedshûwb [turned back, changed your mind] at my rebuketôwkêchâh [correction, reproof] then surelyhinnêh I would have poured outnâbaʻ [uttered, gushed forth] spirit on yourûwach [breath of life, mind and emotions] I would have madeyâdaʻ my wordsdâbâr [thoughts, teachings] known to youʼêth [clear, understood]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 1
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 23 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('et.Khem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 1:23quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse expresses a conditional promise of divine outpouring and revelation contingent upon repentance.
Who is speakingWisdom personified, addressing the simple and foolish.
Where we areA call to repentance within a larger discourse on wisdom's warnings.
The hard wordתָּשׁ֗וּבוּ
Take awayRepentance opens the door to divine insight and communication.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשׁוּב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 1:23

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Wisdom's Call to Repentancegenerated

22“How long, O simple ones, will you love your simple ways? How long will scoffers delight in their scorn and fools hate knowledge?
23If you had repented at my rebuke, then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you; I would have made my words known to you.
24Because you refused my call, and no one took my outstretched hand,
25because you neglected all my counsel, and wanted none of my correction,

Proverbs 1:23 is part of a larger passage where Wisdom personified calls out to the simple and foolish, urging them to turn from their ways. This verse highlights the conditional nature of God's promises, indicating that repentance is necessary to receive His spirit and understanding. The surrounding verses emphasize the consequences of ignoring Wisdom's call, reinforcing the importance of heeding divine correction.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 55:1–3“Come, all you who are thirsty, come to the waters; and you without money, come, buy, and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without cost!
2Jeremiah 3:14“Return, O faithless children,” declares the LORD, “for I am your master, and I will take you—one from a city and two from a family—and bring you to Zion.
3Ezekiel 18:27–30But if a wicked man turns from the wickedness he has committed and does what is just and right, he will save his life.
4Ezekiel 33:11Say to them: ‘As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked should turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! For why should you die, O house of Israel?’
5Hosea 14:1Return, O Israel, to the LORD your God, for you have stumbled by your iniquity.

The Key Word תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ, ta.Shu.vugenerated

The verb שׁוּב (shuwb) is a Qal imperfect form meaning 'to turn back' or 'to return.' It encompasses both literal and figurative meanings, often relating to repentance or a change of heart. This word is frequently used in the context of returning to God, making it significant in discussions of repentance.

In this verse, the imperative nature of תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ suggests a strong call for action. The second person masculine plural form indicates that the speaker addresses a group, urging them collectively to change their minds and return to the right path.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In the Berean Standard Bible, the verse reads similarly across translations, emphasizing the importance of repentance for receiving divine spirit and knowledge.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ (you will turn back) governs the conditional structure of the verse, indicating that the subsequent actions depend on this repentance. The sentence is built around this central action, with clauses detailing the consequences of repentance.

Following the main clause, the structure includes two additional clauses: one describing the outpouring of spirit and the other indicating the making known of words. This arrangement emphasizes the flow of action from repentance to divine response.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ as μετανοήσετε, which means 'you will repent.' This choice highlights the emphasis on a change of heart, aligning with the Hebrew meaning but also reflecting a broader understanding of repentance in a Greek context.

The Greek word ἰδοὺ is used for הִנֵּ֤ה, indicating a direct call to attention, similar to the Hebrew, and reinforcing the urgency of the message.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 1:23 indicates that if one repents at Wisdom's rebuke, they will receive God's spirit and understanding. This verse emphasizes the importance of turning back from foolishness to gain insight and knowledge.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to repent at Wisdom's rebuke?

Repenting at Wisdom's rebuke means to turn away from foolishness and acknowledge the need for correction, leading to a change in behavior.

What is the significance of God's spirit being poured out?

The pouring out of God's spirit signifies a divine impartation of wisdom, understanding, and life, enabling the recipient to comprehend and follow God's teachings.

How can one make God's words known?

Making God's words known involves understanding and sharing His teachings with others, ensuring that they are clear and comprehensible.

What are the consequences of neglecting Wisdom's call?

Neglecting Wisdom's call leads to a lack of understanding and insight, resulting in continued folly and separation from divine guidance.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to turn back and seek God's correction?
  2. How can I be more receptive to Wisdom's teachings and rebukes?
  3. What steps can I take to ensure that I am filled with God's spirit and understanding?
  4. How can I share God's words effectively with those around me?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers reference this verse to discuss the importance of heeding divine wisdom and correction, as shown in their quotations.

Clement of Rome1 CLEMENT 58 d. c. 99
So, then, let us obey his most holy and glorious name and escape the threats which wisdom has predicted against the disobedient. In that way we shall live in peace, having our confidence in his most holy and majestic name.
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →
Athanasius of AlexandriaDiscourses Against the Arians 2.39 c. 296–373
For where at all have they found in divine Scripture, or from whom have they heard, that there is another Word and another wisdom besides this Son, that they should frame to themselves such a doctrine? True, indeed, it is written,
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →
BedeCommentary on Proverbs c. 673–735
Turn at my reproof. He reproved the Jews through the mouths of the apostles, because they were unwilling to believe, and even then He admonished them to turn after He had risen and ascended.
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 1 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 1:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Turn ye at my reproof,.... Or rather "to my reproof", for the words are not an exhortation to the conversion of the heart, or to him repentance; but to an attendance to the external ministry of the

Read John Gill on Proverbs 1 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. Turn you at my reproof - to the God from whom ye have turned away.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 1 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Turn ye from your evil courses unto me. At my reproof; upon this admonition here given to you. I will pour out; if you will do so, I will freely and abundantly impart unto you. My spirit; either my mind, as spirit is taken, ; or the gifts and graces of my Spirit, which he hath promised to such persons, 7:39. I will make known my words unto you; by my Spirit I will cause you truly and savingly to understand my word, which is hid from others,

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 1 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 1:23 Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.Ver. 23. Turn you at my reproof.] He that reproves, and then directs not how to do better, is as he that snuffs a lamp, but pours not in oil to maintain it. Behold, I will pour out my Spirit.] Now, if men make their hearts as an adamant, lest they should hear, &c., and wilfully withstand the Spirit, let them read their neck-verse in the following words, and in that parallel text. Resisting the Spirit is a step to the unpardonable sin.

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 1 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) I will pour out my spirit unto you.—Comp. the prophecy of Joe 2:28, promised by our Lord (John 7:38-39), and fulfilled at Pentecost (Acts 2:17). I will make known my words unto you.—For a similar promise that God’s will shall be revealed to those who fear and follow Him, comp. Psalms 25:14 : “The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him;” and Christ’s promise: “If any man will do God’s will, he shall know of the doctrine,” &c. (John 7:17).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 1 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 23. Turn you at my reproof] לתוכחתי lethochachti, at my convincing mode of arguing; attend to my demonstrations. This is properly the meaning of the original word. I will pour out my spirit unto you] "I wil expresse my mynde unto you;" COVERDALE. Loo I shall bryngen to you my Spirit; Old MS. Bible. If you will hear, ye shall have ample instruction.

Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 1 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

23. We have here the germ both of later prophecies (Isaiah 44:3; Joe 2:28 [Hebrews 3:1]), and of their fulfilment in Christ (John 7:37-39; Acts 2:33; John 7:17).

Read Cambridge on Proverbs 1 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The teaching of Divine Wisdom is essentially the same as that of the Divine Word John 7:38-39. “Turning,” repentance and conversion, this is what she calls the simple to. The promise of the Spirit is also like His John 14:26.

Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 1 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

If you had repented at my rebuke, then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you; I would have made my words known to you.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Turn at my reproof. Behold, I will pour out my spirit on you. I will make known my words to you.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

If you had repented at my rebuke, then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you; I would have made my words known to you.

NETBNew English Translation2006

If only you will respond to my rebuke, then I will pour out my thoughts to you and I will make my words known to you.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Turn you at my reproof: Behold, I will pour out my spirit upon you; I will make known my words unto you.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit to you, I will make known to you my words.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

(Turne you at my correction: loe, I will powre out my mind vnto you, and make you vnderstand my wordes)

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour forth my spirit unto you, I will make known to you my words.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Turn back at my reproof, lo, I pour forth to you my spirit, I make known my words with you.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Turn back at my reproof, behold, || I pour forth my spirit to you, || I make known my words with you.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Turn back to my admonition: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Pay attention to my correction; I will pour out my thoughts to you; I will make my words known to you.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Turn ye at my reproof: behold I will utter my spirit to you, and will shew you my words.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Pay attention to my warnings, and I'll pour out my deepest thoughts to you—I'll explain what I know to you.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Be turned again by my sharp words: see, I will send the flow of my spirit on you, and make my words clear to you.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbתָּשׁ֗וּבוּyou.will.turn.backprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְֽtonoun phraseת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥rebukeיmyclauseclauseהִנֵּ֤הhere!clauseverbאַבִּ֣יעָהI.will.pour.forthprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָtoכֶ֣םyounoun phrase · objectרוּחִ֑spiritיmyclauseverbאוֹדִ֖יעָהlet.me.declarenoun phrase · second objectדְבָרַ֣wordsיmynoun phrase · objectאֶתְכֶֽםyou

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃. The Septuagint aligns with some of the Hebrew wording but has a different structure, showing partial agreement in content while differing in expression.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הִנֵּ֤הἰδοὺאַבִּ֣יעָהπροήσομαιלָכֶ֣םὑμῖνרוּחִ֑יἐμῆς

4 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 1:23שׁוּבyou will tuyou will turn bשׁוּבתּוֹכֵחָהto rebuke mto rebuke myתּוֹכֵחָההִנֵּהhere!here!הִנֵּהנָבַעI will pourI will pour outנָבַעכֶםto youto youכֶםרוּחַspirit myspirit myרוּחַיָדַעlet me decllet me declareיָדַעדָּבָרwords mywords myדָּבָראֵתthe object the object markאֵתיָכַחto rebuketo rebukeיָכַחרִיחַto smellto smellרִיחַדָבַרto speak: to speak: speakדָבַראוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתהֵןlook!look!הֵןשְׁבִיתcaptivitycaptivityשְׁבִיתחָרוֹןburning anburning angerחָרוֹןמוּסָרdisciplinedisciplineמוּסָרחֵמָהragerageחֵמָהנֶ֫גַעplagueplagueנֶ֫גַעחֲלוֹםdreamdreamחֲלוֹםשָׂפָהlipslipsשָׂפָהפֶּהliplipפֶּהנְשָׁמָהbreathbreathנְשָׁמָהקָדִיםeasteastקָדִיםאֲנִיIIאֲנִיבִּיןto understto understandבִּיןיֶ֫תֶרremainderremainderיֶ֫תֶר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 1:23

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
תָּשׁ֗וּבוּta.Shu.vu you will turn back H7725 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
1,057× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.
Amplified meaning
turned back, changed your mind
Tyndale gloss
to return: return
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return

Qal 683;—turn back, return:

turn back

return, come or go back

esp. return unto

of dying

of revival from death

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king

= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

turn, i.e. resort to

return to a physical condition

abs. = change course of action

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God = apostatize

of י׳, turn away

turn back to God (= seek penitently)

abs. repent

turn back from evil

of י׳

of י׳, return (to shew favour)

of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

denoting repetition, etc.

trans.

Pō‛l.

bring back

fig. restore, refresh

restore, repair

lead away (enticingly)

shew turning = apostatize

Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back

bring back into bondage

put back

= draw back

= give back, restore

= relinguish

= give in payment, requital

bring one back (from dead)

bring back heart

= refresh

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back

. return, come or go back

. esp. return unto

. . of dying

. of revival from death

. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king

. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

. turn, i.e. resort to

. return to a physical condition

. abs. = change course of action

. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize

. of י׳, turn away

. turn back to God (= seek penitently)

. abs. repent

. turn back from evil

. of י׳

. of י׳, return (to shew favour)

. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

. denoting repetition, etc.

. trans.

. . bring back

. . fig. restore, refresh

. restore, repair

. lead away (enticingly)

. shew turning = apostatize

. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage

. put back

. = draw back

. = give back, restore

. = relinguish

. = give in payment, requital

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7725 shuwb shoob

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or

intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily

with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to

retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,

dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,

make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer

(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring

(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),

cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +

continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,

fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give

(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)

more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put

(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,

relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.

: return

1) to return, turn back

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn back, return

1a1a) to turn back

1a1b) to return, come or go back

1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back

1a1d) of dying

1a1e) of human relations (fig)

1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)

1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise

1a1f2) to turn away (of God)

1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent

1a1f4) turn back (from evil)

1a1g) of inanimate things

1a1h) in repetition

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to bring back

1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)

1b3) to lead away (enticingly)

1b4) to show turning, apostatise

1c) (Pual) restored (participle)

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back

1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore

1d3) to bring back, report to, answer

1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥יle.To.khach.Ti to rebuke my H8433 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means argument, correction, or reproof, often referring to a verbal rebuke or chastisement. It involves reasoning or proof to make a point or correct someone.
Amplified meaning
correction, reproof
Tyndale gloss
rebuke
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹכֵחָה (towkechah) refers to rebuke or correction, while תּוֹכַ֫חַת (towkachath) pertains to argument or reproof. Both terms involve verbal expressions of correction or chastisement. The entries emphasize their use in contexts of correction and reasoning, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹכֵחָה n.f. rebuke, correction

base

תּוֹכַ֫חַת n.f. argument, reproof

argument, impeachment, spoken by lips and mouth

reproof, chiding

correction, rebuke

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8433a תּוֹכֵחָה rebuke, correction H8433b תּוֹכַ֫חַת argument, reproof . argument, impeachment, spoken by lips and mouth

. reproof, chiding

. correction, rebuke

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8433 towkechah to-kay-khaw'

and towkachath {to-kakh'-ath}; from 3198; chastisement;

figuratively (by words) correction, refutation, proof (even in

defence):--argument, X chastened, correction, reasoning,

rebuke, reproof, X be (often) reproved.

see HEBREW for 03198

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹכֵחָה (to.khe.chah) — rebuke.

rebuke, correction, punishment, chastisement

תּוֹכַ֫חַת (to.kha.chat) — argument.

1) argument, reproof

1a) argument, impeachment

1b) reproof, chiding

1c) correction, rebuke

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
הִנֵּ֤הhi.Neh here! H2009 Particle
843× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Tyndale gloss
behold
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2009 hinneh hin-nay'

prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.

see HEBREW for 02005

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.

behold, lo, see, if

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

her, in composition:

you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
אַבִּ֣יעָה'a.Bi.'ah I will pour out H5042 Verb · Hiphil · infinitive construct first person common singular
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To bubble means to gush forth, like water or words, and can also mean to utter good or bad things, as seen in various KJV translations.
Amplified meaning
uttered, gushed forth
Tyndale gloss
to bubble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָבַע (naba`) is a primitive root meaning to gush forth or bubble up. It encompasses actions like flowing, pouring out, and emitting, with uses in both literal and figurative contexts, including the utterance of words. The entries indicate that it can also refer to producing a foul odor, as in belching forth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָבַע] vb. flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late

Qal a flowing wady

Hiph. pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5042 נָבַע

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5042 naba` naw-bah'

a primitive root; to gush forth; figuratively, to utter (good

or bad words); specifically, to emit (a foul odor):--belch

out, flowing, pour out, send forth, utter (abundantly).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָבַע (na.va) — to bubble.

1) to flow, pour out, pour, gush forth, spring, bubble up, ferment

1a) (Qal) to flow

1b)(Hiphil) to pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth

1b1) to pour out

1b2) to cause to bubble, ferment

1b3) to pour forth, emit, belch forth

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · infinitive construct first person common singular
HVhc1cs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
לָכֶ֣םla.Khem to you H9036 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֶם (khem) — you.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp2mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp2mp
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
רוּחִ֑יru.Chi spirit my H7307 Noun common both singular construct · suffix
378× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Amplified meaning
breath of life, mind and emotions
Tyndale gloss
spirit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

wind (117 t.)

spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

spirit of the living, breathing being

spirit as seat of emotion

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

rarely of the will

רוּחַ esp. of moral character

spirit of God (94 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

. wind (117 t.)

. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

. spirit of the living, breathing being

. spirit as seat of emotion

. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

. rarely of the will

. רוּחַ esp. of moral character

. spirit of God (94 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7307 ruwach roo'-akh

from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or

even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,

unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by

resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including

its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X

cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),

tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).

see HEBREW for 07306

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.

: spirit

1) wind, breath, mind, spirit

1a) breath

1b) wind

1b1) of heaven

1b2) quarter (of wind), side

1b3) breath of air

1b4) air, gas

1b5) vain, empty thing

1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)

1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour

1c2) courage

1c3) temper, anger

1c4) impatience, patience

1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)

1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse

1c7) prophetic spirit

1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)

1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being

1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)

1e1) desire

1e2) sorrow, trouble

1f) spirit

1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts

1f2) rarely of the will

1f3) as seat especially of moral character

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffix
HNcbsc/Sp1fs
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
אוֹדִ֖יעָה'o.Di.'ah let me declare H3045 Verb · Hiphil · infinitive construct first person common singular
945× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to know means to ascertain by seeing, and is used in many senses, including to learn, perceive, and recognize, as seen in various KJV translations.
Tyndale gloss
to know
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָדַע 943 vb. know

Qal

know, learn to know

perceive

perceive and see; find out and discern

discriminate, distinguish

know by experience

recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

consider

not know = not expect

know a person, be acquainted with

know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

be skilful in

abs. have knowledge, be wise

Niph.

be made known, be or become known, of things

make oneself known of pers.

be perceived

be instructed

Pi. cause to know

Pu. known

Hiph. make known, declare

Hoph. made known

Hithp. make oneself known

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know

. perceive

. perceive and see; find out and discern

. discriminate, distinguish

. know by experience

. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

. consider

. not know = not expect

. know a person, be acquainted with

. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

. be skilful in

. abs. have knowledge, be wise

. . be made known, be or become known, of things

. make oneself known of pers.

. be perceived

. be instructed

. cause to know

. known

. make known, declare

. made known

. make oneself known

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3045 yada` yaw-dah'

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);

used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,

euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,

care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,

punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted

with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,

(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X

could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)

discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,

can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause

to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have

(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be

learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X

prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man

of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.

1) to know

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to know

1a1a) to know, learn to know

1a1b) to perceive

1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern

1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish

1a1e) to know by experience

1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess

1a1g) to consider

1a2) to know, be acquainted with

1a3) to know (a person carnally)

1a4) to know how, be skilful in

1a5) to have knowledge, be wise

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed

1b2) to make oneself known

1b3) to be perceived

1b4) to be instructed

1c) (Piel) to cause to know

1d) (Poal) to cause to know

1e) (Pual)

1e1) to be known

1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)

1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare

1g) (Hophal) to be made known

1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself

Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · infinitive construct first person common singular
HVhc1cs
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
דְבָרַ֣יde.va.Rai words my H1697 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
1,442× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A word or thing, like a matter or affair, as seen in the book of Chronicles where it refers to the events and words of kings. It can also mean a cause or reason for something.
Amplified meaning
thoughts, teachings
Tyndale gloss
Chronicles
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּבָר (dabar) means 'word' or 'speech' and encompasses a range of meanings including discourse, saying, and matter. It can refer to anything spoken or a topic of discussion, extending to concepts like business or affairs. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּבָר 1439 n.m. speech, word

sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken

sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse

sg. a word, words

sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1697 דָּבָר speech, word . sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken

. sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse

. sg. a word, words

. sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1697 dabar daw-baw'

from 1696; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or

thing; adverbially, a cause:--act, advice, affair, answer, X

any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case,

cause, certain rate, + chronicles, commandment, X

commune(-ication), + concern(-ing), + confer, counsel, +

dearth, decree, deed, X disease, due, duty, effect, +

eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-)ness, + glory, + harm, hurt,

+ iniquity, + judgment, language, + lying, manner, matter,

message, (no) thing, oracle, X ought, X parts, + pertaining, +

please, portion, + power, promise, provision, purpose,

question, rate, reason, report, request, X (as hast) said,

sake, saying, sentence, + sign, + so, some (uncleanness),

somewhat to say, + song, speech, X spoken, talk, task, + that,

X there done, thing (concerning), thought, + thus, tidings,

what(-soever), + wherewith, which, word, work.

see HEBREW for 01696

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּבָר (da.var) — word.

: word/speech/command

1) speech, word, speaking, thing

1a) speech

1b) saying, utterance

1c) word, words

1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)

דָּבָר (da.var) — word: speaking.

: speaking

1) speech, word, speaking, thing

1a) speech

1b) saying, utterance

1c) word, words

1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)

דָּבָר (da.var) — word: thing.

: thing/matter

1) speech, word, speaking, thing

1a) speech

1b) saying, utterance

1c) word, words

1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)

דָּבָר (da.var) — word: promised.

: promised/duty

1) speech, word, speaking, thing

1a) speech

1b) saying, utterance

1c) word, words

1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)

דָּבָר (da.var) — word: deed.

: deed

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp1bs
you will turn back to rebuke my here! I will pour out to you spirit my let me declare words my the object marker you
אֶתְכֶֽם׃'et.Khem the object marker you H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Amplified meaning
clear, understood
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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