Proverbs 14:30 — Word Study
WLCחַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א וּרְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה׃
BSAA tranquilmarpêʼ [peaceful, healed] heartlêb [the feelings, the will, the mind] is lifechay [physical and spiritual vitality] to the bodybâsâr [flesh, the physical person] but envyqinʼâh [strong feelings of jealousy] rotsrâqâb [causes rottenness, decay] the bonesʻetsem [the substance or essence of something]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חַיֵּ֣י | [is] [the] life of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| בְ֭שָׂרִים | bodies | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| לֵ֣ב | a heart of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מַרְפֵּ֑א | healing | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּרְקַ֖ב | and [is] rottenness of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| עֲצָמ֣וֹת | bones | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| קִנְאָֽה׃ | jealousy | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones. |
| KJV | A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones. |
| ASV | A tranquil heart is the life of the flesh; But envy is the rottenness of the bones. |
| YLT | A healed heart [is] life to the flesh, And rottenness to the bones [is] envy. |
| WEB | The life of the body is a heart at peace, but envy rots the bones. |
| BBE | A quiet mind is the life of the body, but envy is a disease in the bones. |
Translations agree on the meaning of tranquility and envy, emphasizing their impact on health.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a contrasting clause, highlighting the benefits of tranquility versus the harms of envy.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectקִנְאָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 14:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Wisdom on the Heart and Its Impactgenerated
Proverbs 14:30 contrasts the benefits of a tranquil heart with the destructive nature of envy. The surrounding verses emphasize understanding, kindness, and the consequences of one's actions, illustrating the broader theme of wisdom in relationships and personal conduct.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 4:23 | Guard your heart with all diligence, for from it flow springs of life. |
| 2 | Psalm 119:80 | May my heart be blameless in Your statutes, that I may not be put to shame. |
| 3 | 2 Timothy 1:7 | For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power, love, and self-control. |
| 4 | Job 5:2 | For resentment kills a fool, and envy slays the simple. |
| 5 | Psalm 112:10 | The wicked man will see and be grieved; he will gnash his teeth and waste away; the desires of the wicked will perish. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חַיֵּ֣י, chai.Yeigenerated
The word חַיִּים (*chayim*) is a noun that means life and is derived from the root חַי (*chay*), which signifies being alive. It encompasses both physical life and spiritual vitality, indicating a holistic view of well-being.
In this verse, it highlights how a tranquil heart contributes to overall health, suggesting that emotional and spiritual states directly affect physical well-being.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree that a tranquil heart is beneficial to the body, while envy is harmful.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the finite verb חַיֵּ֣י, is life, which connects the subject לֵב, heart, to the predicate בְ֭שָׂרִים, to the body. The second part of the verse introduces a contrasting idea with וּרְקַ֖ב, but envy rots, indicating a shift in focus.
The structure emphasizes the relationship between emotional states and physical health, with the first part affirming life and the second part highlighting decay.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates לֵב as καρδίας, which means 'heart' and carries similar implications about emotions and intellect. This choice reinforces the connection between the heart and overall well-being.
The word for envy in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew, indicating a consistent understanding of the destructive nature of jealousy.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 14:30 tells us that a peaceful heart is vital for our health, while feelings of jealousy can lead to decay. This verse encourages us to cultivate tranquility and avoid envy in our lives.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A tranquil heart refers to a state of peace and emotional well-being, which is essential for both physical and spiritual health.
Envy can lead to negative emotions and stress, which may manifest physically as health issues, symbolized by the rotting of bones.
In the Bible, the heart represents not just emotions but also the will and intellect, making it central to a person's overall health and character.
Cultivating a tranquil heart can involve practices such as mindfulness, gratitude, and fostering positive relationships, which contribute to emotional and spiritual peace.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I seek peace in my heart, and how does it affect my overall well-being?
- How can I recognize and address feelings of envy in my life?
- What practices can I adopt to promote tranquility in my daily routine?
- How does understanding the connection between emotions and health change my perspective on personal challenges?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, emphasizing the moral implications of a tranquil heart versus the dangers of envy.
While all our actions should be free from hidden malevolence, this is particularly the case in the selection of a bishop, whose life is the pattern for all his flock.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 14 →
The life of the flesh is the health of the heart, etc. By flesh, certain weak and tender things; by bones, strong deeds are signified.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 14 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 14:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA sound heart [is] the life of the flesh,.... A heart made so by the grace of God, in which are sound principles of truth, righteousness, and holiness; these preserve from sin, and so from many
Read John Gill on Proverbs 14 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones. A sound heart (is) the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 14 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA sound heart; free from envy and such-like inordinate passions, which are commonly called the diseases of the soul, not only in sacred, but even in heathen writers. Or, as others render it, a healing heart; mild, and merciful, and kind to others, which is opposed to envy. Is the life of the flesh; procureth and maintaineth the health and rigour of the whole body. But envy the rottenness of the bones; it wasteth the spirits, and consumeth even the strongest and most inward parts of the body.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 14 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 14:30 A sound heart [is] the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones.Ver. 30. A sound heart is the life of the flesh.] A heart well freed from passions and perturbations holds out long, and enjoys good health; neither causeth it molestation of mind or want of welfare to others. It is the life of fleshes (in the plural); not only its own, but other men’ s bodies are the better, at least not the worse, for it; whereas the envious and angry man rangeth and rageth; and like a mad dog biting all he meets, sets them, as much as in him lies, all a-madding, and undoes them. But envy is the rottenness of the bones.] A corroding and corrupting disease it is, like that which…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 14 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(30) A sound heart—i.e., one in healthy condition, of which the passions and emotions are under control.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 14 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 30. A sound heart is the life of the flesh] A healthy state of the blood, and a proper circulation of that stream of life, is the grand cause, in the hand of God, of health and longevity. If the heart be diseased, life cannot be long continued.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 14 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. sound] Or, tranquil, R.V. marg. (deriving the word from another root). See Proverbs 15:4 and comp. Ecclesiastes 10:4, where the same Heb. word is rendered, yielding, or gentleness, A.V. and R.V. envy] Or, jealousy, R.V. marg. See for illustrations, Genesis 4:4-5; Genesis 37:4; 1 Samuel 18:8; Esther 5:13.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 14 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleSound heart - literally, “heart of health,” that in which all emotions and appetites are in a healthy equilibrium.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones.
The life of the body is a heart at peace, but envy rots the bones.
A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones.
A tranquil spirit revives the body, but envy is rottenness to the bones.
Tyndale line
A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones.
A tranquil heart is the life of the flesh; But envy is the rottenness of the bones.
A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy is the rottenness of the bones.
A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones.
A sounde heart is the life of the flesh: but enuie is the rotting of the bones.
Strictly literal
A sound heart is the life of the flesh; but envy the rottenness of the bones.
A healed heart [is] life to the flesh, And rottenness to the bones [is] envy.
A healed heart [is] life to the flesh, || And rottenness to the bones [is] envy.
A sound heart is the life of the body; but jealousy is the rottenness of the bones.
A tranquil heart is life for the body, but envy rots the bones.
From the Latin
Soundness of heart is the life of the flesh: but envy is the rottenness of the bones.
Simplified
A peaceful mind makes your body healthy, but jealousy makes your bones rot.
A quiet mind is the life of the body, but envy is a disease in the bones.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Proverbs 14:30 states, "חַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א וּרְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה׃" which translates to, "A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones." The Septuagint has a partial agreement with the Masoretic Text, matching 4 of the 7 words, but its word order and articles differ from the Hebrew. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, indicating that the Masoretic Text is consistent with the surviving evidence from these sources.
חַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א וּרְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה׃
4 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 14:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.
חַי adj. alive, living
of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
of man
of animals, alive, living
animals and man
(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
of water, fresh
(dub.) lively, active
reviving
base
[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18
ref
חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal
animal
in general
wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
living beings, of the cherubic chariot
life, only in late poetry
appetite, activity of hunger
revival, renewal
base
חַיָּה n.f. community
base
חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life
life: physical
life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
sustenance, maintenance
base
H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
. of man
. of animals, alive, living
. animals and man
. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
. of water, fresh
. (dub.) lively, active
. reviving
H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general
. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
. living beings, of the cherubic chariot
. life, only in late poetry
. appetite, activity of hunger
. revival, renewal
H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical
. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
. sustenance, maintenance
2416 chay khah'-ee
from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,
year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine
singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether
literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)
beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living
(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)
old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
see HEBREW for 02421
חַי (chay) — alive.
adj
1) living, alive
1a) green (of vegetation)
1b) flowing, fresh (of water)
1c) lively, active (of man)
1d) reviving (of the springtime)
Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.
kinsfolk
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.
1) living thing, animal
1a) animal
1b) life
1c) appetite
1d) revival, renewal
Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.
community
חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.
1) life (abstract emphatic)
1a) life
1b) sustenance, maintenance
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.
בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh
of the body
flesh for the body itself
male organ of generation (euphemism)
flesh for kindred, blood-relations
man over against God as frail or erring
base
H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body
. flesh for the body itself
. male organ of generation (euphemism)
. flesh for kindred, blood-relations
. man over against God as frail or erring
1320 basar baw-sawr'
from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,
person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,
lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.
see HEBREW for 01319
בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.
1) flesh
1a) of the body
1a1) of humans
1a2) of animals
1b) the body itself
1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)
1d) kindred, blood-relations
1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)
1f) all living things
1g) animals
1h) mankind
Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַרְפֵּא (marpe') refers to healing, cure, and health, often in a figurative sense. It is derived from the root meaning 'curative' and can imply both literal medicine and abstract concepts like deliverance or placidity. The term encompasses various aspects of health, including the idea of being incurable.
מַרְפֵּא, מַרְפֵּה n.m. healing, cure, health (usu. fig.)
base
H4832 מַרְפֵּא, מַרְפֵּה healing, cure, health (usu. fig.)
4832 marpe' mar-pay'
from 7495; properly, curative, i.e. literally (concretely) a
medicine, or (abstractly) a cure; figuratively (concretely)
deliverance, or (abstractly) placidity:--((in-))cure(-able),
healing(-lth), remedy, sound, wholesome, yielding.
see HEBREW for 07495
מַרְפֵּא (mar.pe) — healing.
1) health, healing, cure
1a) healing, cure
1b) health, profit, sound (of mind)
1c) healing
1c1) incurable (with negative)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hel'-ing (marpe', te`alah, kehah): In the Old Testament this word is always used in its figurative sense; marpe', which literally means "a cure," is used in Jer 14:19 twice, and in Mal 4:2; te`alah, which literally means "an irrigation canal," here means something applied externally, as a plaster, in which sense it is used metaphorically in Jer 30:13; kehah occurs only in Na 3:19 the King James Version and is translated "assuagings" in the Revised Version (British and American).
In the New Testament 5 times the verb is therapeuo; once (Ac 10:38) iaomai; in the other passages it is either iama, as in
רָקָב (raqab) refers to rottenness or decay, often used in a figurative sense. It is derived from the root word רָקַב (raqab), which also relates to decay. The term appears in contexts discussing physical deterioration.
רָקָב n.[m.] rottenness, decay
base
H7538 רָקָב
7538 raqab raw-kawb'
from 7537; decay (by caries):--rottenness (thing).
see HEBREW for 07537
רָקָב (ra.qav) — rottenness.
rottenness, decay (always fig)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֶ֫צֶם (etsem) primarily means 'bone' but extends to concepts of substance and self. It can refer to the physical body, limbs, or essence. The word is derived from a root related to strength, indicating a connection between physicality and identity.
עֶ֫צֶם 125 n.f. bone, substance, self
base
H6106 עֶ֫צֶם bone, substance, self
6106 `etsem eh'tsem
from 6105; a bone (as strong); by extension, the body;
figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame:--body,
bone, X life, (self-)same, strength, X very.
see HEBREW for 06105
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone.
: bone/limb
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: same.
: same/very
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: body.
: body
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
→ Vision of the dry Eze 37:1-14
קִנְאָה (qin'ah) encompasses a range of meanings including ardor, zeal, and jealousy, often reflecting intense emotional states. It can denote a jealous disposition, particularly in the context of relationships, as well as religious zeal and divine jealousy. The term is rooted in the concept of envy and can imply anger, both in human interactions and in God's response to humanity.
קִנְאָה n.f. ardour, zeal, jealousy
base
H7068 קִנְאָה ardour, zeal, jealousy
7068 qin'ah kin-aw'
from 7065; jealousy or envy:--envy(-ied), jealousy, X sake,
zeal.
see HEBREW for 07065
קִנְאָה (qin.ah) — jealousy.
1) ardour, zeal, jealousy
1a) ardour, jealousy, jealous disposition (of husband)
1a1) sexual passion
1b) ardour of zeal (of religious zeal)
1b1) of men for God
1b2) of men for the house of God
1b3) of God for his people
1c) ardour of anger
1c1) of men against adversaries
1c2) of God against men
1d) envy (of man)
1e) jealousy (resulting in the wrath of God)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
jel'-us-i (qin'ah; zelos): Doubtless, the root idea of both the Greek and the Hob translated "jealousy" is "warmth," "heat." Both are used in a good and a bad sense--to represent right and wrong passion.
When jealousy is attributed to God, the word is used in a good sense. The language is, of course, anthropomorphic; and it is based upon the feeling in a husband of exclusive right in his wife. God is conceived as having wedded Israel to Himself, and as claiming, therefore, exclusive devotion. Disloyalty on the part of Israel is represented as adultery, and as provoking God to jealousy. See, e.g., De 32:16,21; 1Ki 14:22; Ps 78:58; Eze 8:3; 16:38,42; 23:25; 36:5; 38:19.
Jealousy
Suspicion of a wife’s purity, one of the strongest passions (Num. 5:14; Prov. 6:34; Cant. 8:6); also an intense interest for another’s honour or prosperity (Ps. 79:5; 1 Cor. 10:22; Zech. 1:14).