Proverbs 28:19 — Word Study
WLCעֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף רֵ֝קִ֗ים יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ רִֽישׁ׃
BSAThe one who worksʻâbad [tills, cultivates] his landʼădâmâh [the earth, soil] will have plenty ofsâbaʻ▸ foodlechem [bread, sustenance] but whoever chasesrâdaph [pursues, follows after] fantasiesrêyq [worthless, empty things] will have his fillsâbaʻ▸ of povertyrêysh [lack, destitution]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֹבֵ֣ד | [one who] tills | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| אַ֭דְמָתוֹ | land his | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ | he will be satisfied | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֑חֶם | food | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף | and [one who] pursues | Conjunction, verb piel participle (active) masculine singular |
| רֵ֝קִ֗ים | empty [things] | Adj |
| יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ | he will be satisfied | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| רִֽישׁ׃ | poverty | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty. |
| KJV | He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. |
| ASV | He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread; But he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. |
| YLT | Whoso is tilling his ground is satisfied [with] bread, And whoso is pursuing vanity, Is filled [with] poverty. |
| WEB | One who works his land will have an abundance of food; but one who chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty. |
| BBE | By ploughing his land a man will have bread in full measure; but he who goes after good-for-nothing persons will be poor enough. |
Where they part company is רֵ֝קִ֗ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by a contrasting conjunction and a second main clause, emphasizing the outcomes of each approach.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָבַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 28:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Wisdom on Work and Rewardgenerated
Proverbs 28:19 contrasts the outcomes of diligent work and chasing after fantasies. The surrounding verses emphasize integrity and faithfulness, highlighting that hard work leads to sustenance while empty pursuits result in lack. This section provides practical wisdom for living a fulfilling life, focusing on the importance of industriousness and the dangers of idleness.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 12:11 | The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies lacks judgment. |
| 2 | Proverbs 14:4 | Where there are no oxen, the manger is empty, but an abundant harvest comes through the strength of the ox. |
| 3 | Proverbs 27:23–27 | Be sure to know the state of your flocks, and pay close attention to your herds; |
| 4 | Proverbs 13:20 | He who walks with the wise will become wise, but the companion of fools will be destroyed. |
| 5 | Proverbs 23:20–21 | Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֹבֵ֣ד, 'o.Vedgenerated
The word עָבַד (abad) is a verb meaning to work or serve, often used to describe agricultural labor. It encompasses a range of activities from serving others to cultivating land, indicating the necessity of effort in achieving sustenance. The participle form here emphasizes a continuous action — the one who is actively working his land.
This concept of working is not just physical; it implies dedication and commitment, whether in farming or in serving God. The use of this term in the verse underscores the value placed on labor as a means to achieve abundance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ governs the main clauses: he will be satisfied is the main action, with two phrases hanging off it: one describing the subject who works and another describing the one who pursues fantasies. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the diligent worker and the one chasing empty dreams.
The Hebrew word order places the subject first in both main clauses, highlighting the actions of the diligent worker and the empty pursuer. This arrangement draws attention to the outcomes of each path.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֹבֵ֣ד as ἐργαζόμενος (ergazomenos), which means 'working' or 'laboring'. This choice reinforces the idea of active engagement in work, similar to the Hebrew.
For רֵ֝קִ֗ים, the LXX uses σξολὴν (scholēn), which can imply idleness or uselessness, aligning with the notion of chasing after worthless things in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 28:19 teaches that those who work their land will have enough food, while those who chase after empty dreams will end up in poverty. This verse highlights the importance of hard work and warns against pursuing things that do not provide real value.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Working one's land refers to the act of cultivating and tending to the earth to produce food, emphasizing the importance of effort and diligence in achieving sustenance.
Fantasies refer to empty pursuits or dreams that do not lead to tangible results, highlighting the futility of chasing after things that lack substance.
This verse connects with other Proverbs that emphasize hard work and integrity, like Proverbs 12:11, which also stresses the value of labor.
The overall message is that diligent work leads to abundance, while chasing after empty dreams results in lack and poverty.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life am I working diligently, and how can I improve my efforts?
- What are some dreams or pursuits that I may need to reassess as empty or unworthy?
- How can I encourage others to value hard work and discourage them from chasing fantasies?
- What practical steps can I take to ensure that my work leads to fulfillment and sustenance?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 28:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread,.... Or, "shall he filled" or "satisfied with bread" (s): shall have bread enough, and to spare; provisions of all sorts, and in great plenty; [See
Read John Gill on Proverbs 28 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. Proverbs 12:11, note.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 28 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThat followeth after vain persons; choosing their company, and imitating their example; who gives up himself to vanity and idleness, and so is fitly opposed to the diligent man in the former clause.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 28 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 28:19 He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain [persons] shall have poverty enough.Ver. 19. He that tilleth his land shall have plenty.] At fugiens molam fugit farinam: Men must earn it ere they eat it; and not think that bread and other good things will drop out of the clouds to them, as towns were said to come in to Timotheus’ s toils while he slept. See Proverbs 12:11. Shall have poverty enough.] As the prodigal had, and Pythius, who in a bravery entertained Xerxes’ s whole army, but was so poor at length that he perished through want of meat. Plut. in Sulla.
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 28 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread.—The curse of Gen 3:17-19 being, in God’s mercy, turned into a blessing.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 28 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 19. He that tilleth his land] See Proverbs 12:11.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 28 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible19. Shall have plenty — Shall have enough, and more than enough; shall be satiated. Comp. Proverbs 12:11. Vain persons — Worthless fellows: “vanities.” — Conant. Substantially the same term as in Matthew 5:22.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty.
One who works his land will have an abundance of food; but one who chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty.
The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty.
The one who works his land will be satisfied with food, but whoever chases daydreams will have his fill of poverty.
Tyndale line
He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.
He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread; But he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.
He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.
He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough.
He that tilleth his land, shall be satisfied with bread: but he that followeth the idle, shall be filled with pouertie.
Strictly literal
He that tilleth his land shall be satisfied with bread; but he that followeth the worthless shall have poverty enough.
Whoso is tilling his ground is satisfied [with] bread, And whoso is pursuing vanity, Is filled [with] poverty.
Whoever is tilling his ground is satisfied [with] bread, || And whoever is pursuing vanity, || Is filled [with] poverty.
He that tilleth his ground will have plenty of bread; but he that runneth after idle persons will have enough of poverty.
The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever follows worthless pursuits will have plenty of poverty.
From the Latin
He that tilleth his ground, shall be filled with bread: but he that followeth idleness shall be filled with poverty.
Simplified
If you cultivate the land you'll have plenty of food, but if you chase fantasies you'll end up with nothing.
By ploughing his land a man will have bread in full measure; but he who goes after good-for-nothing persons will be poor enough.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, 'עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף רֵ֝קִ֗ים יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ רִֽישׁ׃' which translates to 'The one who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all eight words correspond directly, although the word order and articles differ due to the nature of the Greek language. There are no significant differences in the core message between these witnesses, indicating a strong consistency in this verse across these ancient texts.
עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף רֵ֝קִ֗ים יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־ רִֽישׁ׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 28:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to work or serve, encompassing a range of activities from laboring for others to serving God, including Levitical service. It can also refer to the cultivation of land or the act of enslaving. The word appears in various forms, indicating different nuances of service and labor.
עָבַד 290 vb. work, serve
Qal
labour, work, do work
work for another, serve him by labour
serve as subjects
serve God
serve י׳ with Levitical service
Niph.
be tilled, of land
dub. cultivated field
Pu. worked
Hiph.
compel to labour as slaves
make to serve as subjects
cause to serve God
Hoph. be led or enticed to serve
base
H5647 עָבַד work, serve .. labour, work, do work
. work for another, serve him by labour
. serve as subjects
. serve God
. serve י׳ with Levitical service
. . be tilled, of land
. dub. cultivated field
. worked
. . compel to labour as slaves
. make to serve as subjects
. cause to serve God
. be led or enticed to serve
5647 `abad aw-bad'
a primitive root; to work (in any sense); by implication, to
serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.:--X be, keep in
bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear,
execute, + husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass,
(cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become)
servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er), transgress (from
margin), (set a) work, be wrought, worshipper,
עָבַד (a.vad) — to serve.
: serve[someone]
1) to work, serve
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to labour, work, do work
1a2) to work for another, serve another by labour
1a3) to serve as subjects
1a4) to serve (God)
1a5) to serve (with Levitical service)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be worked, be tilled (of land)
1b2) to make oneself a servant
1c) (Pual) to be worked
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to compel to labour or work, cause to labour, cause to serve
1d2) to cause to serve as subjects
1e) (Hophal) to be led or enticed to serve
עָבַד (a.vad) — to serve: minister.
: minister/serve[God/tabernacle/temple]/worship
1) to work, serve
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to labour, work, do work
1a2) to work for another, serve another by labour
1a3) to serve as subjects
1a4) to serve (God)
1a5) to serve (with Levitical service)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be worked, be tilled (of land)
1b2) to make oneself a servant
1c) (Pual) to be worked
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
אֲדָמָה (adamah) refers to ground or land, encompassing meanings such as tilled soil, a specific plot of land, and the earth's visible surface. It can denote territory or the whole inhabited earth, and it is also the name of a city in Naphtali. The word is derived from a root meaning 'red,' likely referring to the color of soil.
אֲדָמָה 224 n.f. ground, land (as tilled)
ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance)
piece of ground, landed property
earth as material substance
ground as earth's visible surface
land, territory, country
whole earth, inhabited earth
n. pr. loc. city in Naphtali
base
H127 אֲדָמָה ground, land . ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance)
. piece of ground, landed property
. earth as material substance
. ground as earth's visible surface
. land, territory, country
. whole earth, inhabited earth
. n. pr. loc. city in Naphtali
127 'adamah ad-aw-maw'
from 119; soil (from its general redness):--country, earth,
ground, husband(-man) (-ry), land.
see HEBREW for 0119
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: soil.
: soil
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
1e) land, territory, country
1f) whole inhabited earth
1g) city in Naphtali
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: country.
: country
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
1e) land, territory, country
1f) whole inhabited earth
1g) city in Naphtali
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: planet.
: planet
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
שָׂבֵעַ (saba`) means to be sated or satisfied, particularly in relation to food. It can also imply having one's desires fulfilled or being surfeited with excess. The verb has various forms, including Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, which cover meanings from simply being full to enriching or satisfying others. The entries indicate a focus on both literal and figurative senses of satisfaction.
[שָׂבֵעַ], שָׂבַע 96 vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited
Qal 79
be sated (with food), esp. human subj.
more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied
have in excess, be surfeited with
Niph. Pt. sated
Pi. satisfy
Hiph.
satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳
c. acc. of food pers., י׳ subj.
י׳ subj.
י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts
enrich
sate, glut (with the undesired)
base
H7646 שָׂבֵעַ, שָׂבַע be sated, satisfied, surfeited .. be sated (with food), esp. human subj.
. more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied
. have in excess, be surfeited with
. Pt. sated
. satisfy
. . . satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳
. c. acc. of food + pers., י׳ subj.
. י׳ subj.
. י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts
. enrich
. sate, glut (with the undesired)
7646 saba` saw-bah'
or sabeay {saw-bay'-ah}; a primitive root; to sate, i.e. fill
to satisfaction (literally or figuratively):--have enough,
fill (full, self, with), be (to the) full (of), have plenty
of, be satiate, satisfy (with), suffice, be weary of.
שָׂבֵעַ (sa.va) — to satisfy.
1) to be satisfied, be sated, be fulfilled, be surfeited
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be sated (with food)
1a2) to be sated, be satisfied with, be fulfilled, be filled, have one's fill of (have desire satisfied)
1a3) to have in excess, be surfeited, be surfeited with
1a3a) to be weary of (fig)
1b) (Piel) to satisfy
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to satisfy
1c2) to enrich
1c3) to sate, glut (with the undesired)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
לֶ֫חֶם (lechem) means bread or food, encompassing items like grain and provisions for both humans and animals. It is derived from a related root and is used in various contexts, particularly in the Old Testament. The entries consistently emphasize its primary association with bread, though they also acknowledge its broader meaning as food.
לֶ֫חֶם 296 n.m. and (rarely) f. bread, food
base
H3899 לֶ֫חֶם bread, food
3899 lechem lekh'-em
from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or
grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit,
loaf, meat, victuals. See also 1036.
see HEBREW for 03898
see HEBREW for 01036
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food.
: food(eating)
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: bread.
: bread/loaf
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: allowance.
: allowance
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
food:
I. VEGETABLE FOODS
1. Primitive Habits
2. Cereals
3. Leguminous Plants
4. Food of Trees
II. ANIMAL FOOD
LITERATURE
In a previous article (see BREAD) it has been shown that in the Bible "bread" usually stands for food in general and how this came to be so. In a complementary article on MEALS the methods of preparing and serving food will be dealt with. This article is devoted specifically to the foodstuffs of the Orient, more especially to articles of food in use among the Hebrews in Bible times. These are divisible into two main classes.
Food
Originally the Creator granted the use of the vegetable world for food to man (Gen. 1:29), with the exception mentioned (2:17). The use of animal food was probably not unknown to the antediluvians. There is, however, a distinct law on the subject given to Noah after the Deluge (Gen. 9:2-5). Various articles of food used in the patriarchal age are mentioned in Gen. 18:6-8; 25:34; 27:3, 4; 43:11. Regarding the food of the Israelites in Egypt, see Ex. 16:3; Num. 11:5. In the wilderness their ordinary food was miraculously supplied in the manna. They had also quails (Ex.…
The diet of eastern nations has been in all ages light and simple. Vegetable food was more used than animal. The Hebrews used a great variety of articles, (John 21:5) to give a relish to bread. Milk and its preparations hold a conspicuous place in eastern diet, as affording substantial nourishment; generally int he form of the modern leben , i.e. sour milk. Authorized Version "butter;" (Genesis 18:8; Judges 5:25; 2 Samuel 17:29) Fruit was another source of subsistence: figs stood first in point of importance; they were generally dried and pressed into cakes. Grapes were generally eaten in a dried state as raisins. Of vegetables we have most frequent notice of lentils…
In ancient the food of a people was more entirely the product of their own country than in our day. Palestine was favored with an abundance of animal food, grain, and vegetables. But throughout the East, vegetable food is more used than animal. Bread was the principal food. Grain of various kinds, beans, lentils, onions, grapes, together with olive oil, honey, and the milk of goats and cows were the ordinary fare. The wandering Arabs live much upon a coarse black bread. A very common dish in Syria is rice, with shreds of meat, vegetables, olive oil, etc., intermixed. A similar dish, made with beans, lentils, and various kinds of pulse, was in frequent use at an earlier age, Ge 25:29-34 2Ki 4:38-1.
רָדַף (radaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pursue, chase, or persecute. It conveys the idea of running after something, often with hostile intent, and can also figuratively refer to following time or securing something. The word has various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, each indicating different nuances of pursuit or being pursued.
רָדַף 141 vb. pursue, chase, persecute
Qal 128
pursue
lit. put to flight, chase
lit., the pursuers
chase, hunt
pursue
fig. persecute, harass
pursue, dog
fig. follow after, aim to secure
Niph. upon the neck (i.e. closely) we are pursued
Pi. pursue ardently
Pu. it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains
Hiph. usu. they chased him
base
H7291 רָדַף pursue, chase, persecute
7291 radaph raw-daf'
a primitive root; to run after (usually with hostile intent;
figuratively (of time) gone by):--chase, put to flight,
follow (after, on), hunt, (be under) persecute(-ion, -or),
pursue(-r).
רָדַף (ra.daph) — to pursue.
1) to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pursue, put to flight, chase, dog, attend closely upon
1a2) to persecute, harass (fig)
1a3) to follow after, aim to secure (fig)
1a4) to run after (a bribe) (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be pursued
1b2) one pursued (participle)
1c) (Piel) to pursue ardently, aim eagerly to secure, pursue
1d) (Pual) to be pursued, be chased away
1e) (Hiphil) to pursue, chase
Conj | V-Piel — Conjunction · verb piel participle (active) masculine singularHC/Vprmsa
רֵיק (reyq) means empty or vain, often referring to something that is worthless or idle. It can describe physical emptiness, such as vessels, as well as ethical worthlessness. The word is derived from a root meaning to empty, and it appears in contexts that highlight its figurative implications.
[רֵיק], רֵק adj. empty, vain
base
H7386 [רֵיק], רֵק empty, vain
7386 reyq rake
or (shorter) req {rake}; from 7324; empty; figuratively,
worthless:--emptied(-ty), vain (fellow, man).
see HEBREW for 07324
רֵיק (req) — worthless.
1) empty, vain
1a) empty (of vessels)
1b) empty, idle, worthless (ethically)
Adj — AdjHAampa
שָׂבֵעַ (saba`) means to be sated or satisfied, particularly in relation to food. It can also imply having one's desires fulfilled or being surfeited with excess. The verb has various forms, including Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, which cover meanings from simply being full to enriching or satisfying others. The entries indicate a focus on both literal and figurative senses of satisfaction.
[שָׂבֵעַ], שָׂבַע 96 vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited
Qal 79
be sated (with food), esp. human subj.
more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied
have in excess, be surfeited with
Niph. Pt. sated
Pi. satisfy
Hiph.
satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳
c. acc. of food pers., י׳ subj.
י׳ subj.
י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts
enrich
sate, glut (with the undesired)
base
H7646 שָׂבֵעַ, שָׂבַע be sated, satisfied, surfeited .. be sated (with food), esp. human subj.
. more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied
. have in excess, be surfeited with
. Pt. sated
. satisfy
. . . satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳
. c. acc. of food + pers., י׳ subj.
. י׳ subj.
. י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts
. enrich
. sate, glut (with the undesired)
7646 saba` saw-bah'
or sabeay {saw-bay'-ah}; a primitive root; to sate, i.e. fill
to satisfaction (literally or figuratively):--have enough,
fill (full, self, with), be (to the) full (of), have plenty
of, be satiate, satisfy (with), suffice, be weary of.
שָׂבֵעַ (sa.va) — to satisfy.
1) to be satisfied, be sated, be fulfilled, be surfeited
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be sated (with food)
1a2) to be sated, be satisfied with, be fulfilled, be filled, have one's fill of (have desire satisfied)
1a3) to have in excess, be surfeited, be surfeited with
1a3a) to be weary of (fig)
1b) (Piel) to satisfy
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to satisfy
1c2) to enrich
1c3) to sate, glut (with the undesired)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
רֵישׁ (reysh) and רִישׁ (rish) both mean 'poverty' and are considered variants of the same term. The entries indicate that this word is used in the context of poverty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
רִישׁ, רֵישׁ, רֵאשׁ n.m. poverty, only Pr
base
H7389a רֵישׁ, רֵאשׁ poverty H7389b רִישׁ poverty
7389 reysh raysh
or resh {raysh}; or riysh {reesh}; from 7326;
poverty:--poverty.
see HEBREW for 07326
רֵישׁ (resh) — poverty.
poverty
Also means: rish (רִישׁ "poverty" H7389B)
רִישׁ (rish) — poverty.
poverty
Another spelling of resh (רֵישׁ "poverty" H7389A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
pov'-er-ti:
1. Old Testament References:
This word, found but once in the Old Testament (Ge 45:11) outside of the Book of Proverbs in which it occurs 11 times (6:11; 10:15; 11:24 the King James Version; 13:18; 20:13; 23:21; 24:34; 28:19,22 the King James Version; 30:8; 31:7), is a translation of yiwaresh, "to be poor," "to come to poverty" (Ge 45:11). Four different Hebrew words are used in the 11 references in Prov, all bearing the idea of being in need of the necessities of life, although a distinction is made between being in want and being in extreme want. Pr 18:23 well illustrates the general meaning of "poverty" as found in this book: "The poor (rush, "to be impoverished," "destitute") useth entreaties; but the rich…