Psalms 36:12 — Word Study
WLCשָׁ֣ם נָ֭פְלוּ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן דֹּ֝ח֗וּ וְלֹא־ יָ֥כְלוּ קֽוּם׃
BSAnotʼal Lebobôwʼ footregel pridegaʼăvâh handyâd wickedrâshâʻ notʼal to wandernûwd
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׁ֣ם | there | Adverb |
| נָ֭פְלוּ | they have fallen | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| פֹּ֣עֲלֵי | [those who] do | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אָ֑וֶן | wickedness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| דֹּ֝ח֗וּ | they were pushed down | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| וְלֹא־ | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| יָ֥כְלוּ | they were able | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| קֽוּם׃ | to rise | Verb, Qal, infinitive construct common |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | There the evildoers lie fallen, thrown down and unable to rise. |
| KJV | There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise. |
| ASV | There are the workers of iniquity fallen: They are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise. |
| YLT | There have workers of iniquity fallen, They have been overthrown, And have not been able to arise! |
| WEB | There the workers of iniquity are fallen. They are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise. |
| BBE | There the workers of evil have come down: they have been made low, and will not be lifted up. |
Where they part company is אָ֑וֶן — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with additional phrases that elaborate on the state of the evildoers.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבּוֹא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 36:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fate of the Wickedgenerated
Psalm 36:12 speaks of the ultimate downfall of evildoers, emphasizing their inability to rise again after being cast down. This verse follows a series of statements about God's light and righteousness, highlighting the contrast between the fate of the wicked and the blessings of the righteous. The psalmist reflects on the consequences of wickedness, which is a recurring theme throughout the psalms, as seen in Psalm 9:16 and Psalm 55:23.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 9:16 | The LORD is known by the justice He brings; the wicked are ensnared by the work of their hands. Higgaion Selah |
| 2 | Psalm 55:23 | But You, O God, will bring them down to the Pit of destruction; men of bloodshed and deceit will not live out half their days. But I will trust in You. |
| 3 | Psalm 58:10–11 | The righteous will rejoice when they see they are avenged; they will wash their feet in the blood of the wicked. |
| 4 | Psalm 64:7–9 | But God will shoot them with arrows; suddenly they will be wounded. |
| 5 | Judges 5:31 | So may all your enemies perish, O LORD! But may those who love You shine like the sun at its brightest.” And the land had rest for forty years. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פֹּ֣עֲלֵי, Po.'a.leigenerated
The word פָּעַל (pa'al) is a participle meaning 'those who do' or 'workers.' It conveys the idea of habitual action, often linked to moral or ethical behavior. In this context, it refers specifically to those who commit wicked acts, emphasizing their role as evildoers.
This participle is used in a plural form, indicating a collective group of individuals engaged in wrongdoing. The choice of this term underscores the psalmist's condemnation of their actions and sets the stage for the ensuing consequences they face.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around a main clause that identifies the subject, פֹּ֣עֲלֵי (those who do), followed by two verbs that describe their condition: נָ֭פְלוּ (they have fallen) and דֹּ֝ח֗וּ (they were pushed down). The conjunction וְלֹא־ (and not) introduces the inability to rise, creating a clear and impactful conclusion.
The order of the words emphasizes the state of the evildoers, with their actions leading directly to their downfall. The verbs are in the perfect tense, indicating completed actions, which reinforces the finality of their defeat.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew פֹּ֣עֲלֵי is rendered as ἁμαρτωλῶν (of sinners), which narrows the focus to those who are guilty of sin. This choice emphasizes moral culpability and aligns with the overall theme of divine judgment against wrongdoing.
The translation of נָ֭פְלוּ as ἐλθέτω (let them come) suggests a different nuance, potentially indicating a call for their downfall rather than a statement of fact about their state.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 36:12 describes the fate of evildoers, stating that they lie fallen and are unable to rise again. This verse highlights the consequences of wickedness, contrasting the fate of the wicked with the blessings given to the righteous.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This indicates that their downfall is permanent, and they will not recover from their state of defeat.
The psalmist highlights their actions to illustrate the moral implications of wickedness and the inevitable consequences that follow.
It reflects the recurring theme of divine justice, where the wicked face judgment while the righteous are upheld.
We can learn about the seriousness of moral choices and the consequences that come from living a life contrary to God's ways.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What actions in my life reflect the choices of the evildoers mentioned in this verse?
- How can I ensure that my actions align with righteousness rather than wickedness?
- What does this verse teach me about the nature of justice and judgment?
- In what ways can I encourage others to choose the path of righteousness?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 36:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThere are the workers, of iniquity fallen,.... Either in the pit they dug for others; or into hell, where they shall be turned at last; [See comments on Psalms 5:5] and [See comments on Psalms 6:8];
Read John Gill on Psalms 36 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThere are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 36 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThere, where they come against me, and hope to ruin me. He seems as it were to point at the place with his finger, as if it were already done, and he could tell all the circumstances of it. Or, then, i.e. when they thought all sure, and me irrecoverably lost. Fallen, i.e. they shall certainly and suddenly fall; which the prophets use to express in the time past.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 36 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 36:12 There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise.Ver. 12. There are the workers of iniquity fallen] There, where they plotted or practised the downfall of the righteous; as Henry III of France was stabbed in the same chamber where he and others had contrived the Parisian massacre. God taketh notice of the very place where sin is committed, to punish accordingly; as he did Abimelech, Ahab, the Jews, that cried, "Crucify him! crucify him!" &c. They are cast down] With a force; the angel of God chasing them, according to my prayer, which now methinks I see to be graciously answered. It must needs go ill with the wicked when the saints…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 36 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) There . . .—Of place. The poet has some definite incident in his mind, but has not told enough for us to identify it.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 36 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. There are the workers of iniquity fallen] THERE, in Babylon, are the workers of iniquity fallen, and so cast down that they shall not be able to rise. A prophecy of the destruction of the Babylonish empire by Cyrus. That it was destroyed, is an historical fact; that they were never able to recover their liberty, is also a fact; and that Babylon itself is now blotted out of the map of the universe, so that the site of it is no longer known, is confirmed by every traveller who has passed over those regions. The word שם sham, THERE, has been applied by many of the fathers to the pride spoken of in the preceding verse. There, in or by pride, says Augustine, do all sinners perish.…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 36 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. With the eye of faith he beholds the certain and irreparable ruin of the “workers of iniquity” (Psalms 36:3-4 : cp. Psalms 5:5; Psalms 6:8; Psalms 14:4). There points to the scene of their discomfiture. Cp. Psalms 14:5; Psalms 64:8. they are cast down] R.V. they are thrust down (Psalms 5:10; Psalms 35:5), and overthrown for ever. Cp. Isaiah 26:14. Such judgements are an earnest of the final triumph (Romans 16:20).
Read Cambridge on Psalms 36 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThere are the workers of iniquity fallen - The meaning of this seems to be, that the psalmist saw his prayer answered already.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
There the evildoers lie fallen, thrown down and unable to rise.
There the workers of iniquity are fallen. They are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise.
There the evildoers lie fallen, thrown down and unable to rise.
I can see the evildoers! They have fallen! They have been knocked down and are unable to get up!
Tyndale line
There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise.
There are the workers of iniquity fallen: They are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise.
There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise.
There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise.
There they are fallen that worke iniquity: they are cast downe, and shall not be able to rise.
Strictly literal
There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and are not able to rise.
There have workers of iniquity fallen, They have been overthrown, And have not been able to arise!
Workers of iniquity have fallen there, || They have been overthrown, || And have not been able to arise!
(36:13) There are fallen the workers of wickedness: they are thrust down, and shall not be able to rise.
Over there the evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up.
From the Latin
The sinner shall watch the just man: and shall gnash upon him with his teeth.
Simplified
Now look! See how those who do evil have fallen—thrown down, unable to get up.
There the workers of evil have come down: they have been made low, and will not be lifted up.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "שָׁ֣ם נָ֭פְלוּ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן דֹּ֝ח֗וּ וְלֹא־ יָ֥כְלוּ קֽוּם׃" which translates to, "There the evildoers lie fallen, thrown down and unable to rise." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all eight words correspond directly in a word-by-word manner, although the word order and articles differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, indicating a consistent transmission of the text across these ancient witnesses.
שָׁ֣ם נָ֭פְלוּ פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן דֹּ֝ח֗וּ וְלֹא־ יָ֥כְלוּ קֽוּם׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 36:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
HD — AdverbHD
נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.
נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie
Qal 366
fall, by accident
Esp. of violent death
fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
fig. = experience calamity
fall, of a city
Fall prostrate
fall = prostrate oneself before
fall upon one's neck, in embrace
Fall upon = attack
desert or fall away to, go over to
Fig., of deep sleep
Other idiomatic uses
= lie; = lie prostrate
Hiph.
cause to fall
Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
Esp. of casting lot
Fig., let drop, cause to fail
cause deep sleep to fall
Other idioms
Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself
base
H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident
. . Esp. of violent death
. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
. fig. = experience calamity
. fall, of a city
. . Fall prostrate
. fall = prostrate oneself before
. fall upon one's neck, in embrace
. . Fall upon = attack
. desert or fall away to, go over to
. Fig., of deep sleep
. Other idiomatic uses
. = lie; = lie prostrate
. . cause to fall
. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
. Esp. of casting lot
. Fig., let drop, cause to fail
. cause deep sleep to fall
. Other idioms
. throw, or prostrate oneself
5307 naphal naw-fal'
a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications
(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be
accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide
(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall
(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have
(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay
(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,
lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make
to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
see HEBREW for 06419
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.
: fall/drop/fail
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before
1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of
1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result
1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to
1a7) to lie, lie prostrate
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate
1b2) to overthrow
1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot
1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)
1b5) to cause to fall
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon
1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself
1d) (Pilel) to fall
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.
: deserting
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
פָּעַל (pa'al) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, often used in a systematic or habitual sense. It encompasses actions like committing, ordaining, and working, with a poetic nuance compared to the more common verb for 'to do' (עָשָׂה). The entries consistently highlight its usage in the Qal stem, emphasizing its foundational role in expressing action.
פָּעַל 67 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
Qal
do
make
base
H6466 פָּעַל do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
6466 pa`al paw-al'
a primitive root; to do or make (systematically and
habitually), especially to practise:--commit, (evil-)
do(-er), make(-r), ordain, work(-er).
פָּעַל (pa.al) — to work.
1) to do, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do
1a2) to make
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
אָ֫וֶן (aven) encompasses meanings related to trouble, sorrow, and wickedness. It may also refer to idolatry and the concept of vanity or nothingness. The entries suggest a range of negative connotations, including affliction and iniquity, indicating a strong moral or ethical dimension. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
אָ֫וֶן 85 n.m. trouble, sorrow, wickedness
trouble, sorrow
idolatry
trouble of iniquity, wickedness
base
H205 אָ֫וֶן trouble, sorrow, wickedness
205 'aven aw-ven'
from an unused root perhaps meaning properly, to pant (hence,
to exert oneself, usually in vain; to come to naught);
strictly nothingness; also trouble. vanity, wickedness;
specifically an idol:--affliction, evil, false, idol,
iniquity, mischief, mourners(-ing), naught, sorrow, unjust,
unrighteous, vain ,vanity, wicked(-ness). Compare 369.
see HEBREW for 0369
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: wickedness.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
Also means: a.ven (אָ֫וֶן ": trouble" H0205H)
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: trouble.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wik'-ed-nes:
1. In the Old Testament:
The state of being wicked; a mental disregard for justice, righteousness, truth, honor, virtue; evil in thought and life; depravity; sinfulness; criminality. See SIN. Many words are rendered "wickedness." There are many synonyms for wickedness in English and also in the Hebrew. Pride and vanity lead to it: "All the proud, and all that work wickedness (rish`ah) shall be stubble" (Mal 4:1). Akin to this is the word `awen, "iniquity," "vanity": "She eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness" (Pr 30:20). Then we have the word hawwah, meaning "mischief," "calamity," coming from inward intent upon evil: "Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength, but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in…
דָּחָה (dachah) means to push or thrust, with a range of meanings including to chase, drive away, or overthrow. It appears in various grammatical forms, such as Niph. where it indicates being thrust down. The entries also reference דָּחַח (dachach), which is a related form with a similar meaning.
דָּחָה vb. push, thrust
Qal push
Niph. be thrust or cast down
Pu. they are thrust down
base
[דָּחַח] vb. only Niph. Impf. 3mpl. Je 23:12 they shall be thrust down
ref
H1760a דָּחָה push, thrust H1760b דָּחַח only Niph. Impf. 3mpl. they shall be thrust down
1760 dachah daw-khaw'
or dachach {Jer. 23:12) {daw-khakh'}; a primitive root; to
push down:--chase, drive away (on), overthrow, outcast, X
sore, thrust, totter.
דָּחָה (da.chah) — to thrust.
1) to push, thrust, chase, overflow, totter, sore, drive away or out, be outcast, be cast down
1a) (Qal) to push, push violently
1b) (Niphal) to be thrust, be cast down
1c) (Pual) to be thrust down
דָּחַח (da.chach) — to thrust.
(Niphal) to be thrust down
A grammatical form of da.chah (דָּחָה "to thrust" H1760A)
HVPp3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
HC/Tn — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
יָכֹל (yakol) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power.' It encompasses a range of abilities, including physical, moral, and constitutional strength, as well as the capacity to endure or prevail. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.
יָכֹל, יָכוֹל 193 vb. be able, have power, prevail, endure
Qal
be able, to do a thing,, whether ability be physical, moral, constitutional, or dependent on external authority
prevail
abs. have ability, strength, only neg.
base
H3201 יָכֹל, יָכוֹל be able, have power, prevail, endure .. be able, to do a thing,, whether ability be physical, moral, constitutional, or dependent on external authority
. prevail
. abs. have ability, strength, only neg.
3201 yakol yaw-kole'
or (fuller) yakowl {yaw-kole'}; a primitive root; to be able,
literally (can, could) or morally (may, might):--be able, any
at all (ways), attain, can (away with, (-not)), could, endure,
might, overcome, have power, prevail, still, suffer.
יָכֹל (ya.khol) — be able.
1) to prevail, overcome, endure, have power, be able
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be able, be able to gain or accomplish, be able to endure, be able to reach
1a2) to prevail, prevail over or against, overcome, be victor
1a3) to have ability, have strength
Aramaic equivalent: ye.khel (יְכִל "be able" H3202)
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
a'-b'-l: The Greek dunamai, "to have power," may refer either to inherent strength, or to the absence of in external obstacles, or to what may be allowable or permitted. The Greek ischuo, as in Lu 13:24; Joh 21:6, refers always to the first of the above meanings. The use of the word as an adjective the King James Version of 2Co 3:6, is misleading, and has been properly changed in the Revised Version (British and American) into "sufficient as ministers," i.e. "hath fitted us to be ministers."
The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand
Qal 460
arise
arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
arise, abs., = become powerful
arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
arise for, i.e. to become
arise for action
arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
stand
Pi.
fulfil
confirm, ratify
confirm, establish
impose, an obligation
Pō‛l. raise up
Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up
Hiph.
146cause to arise, raise
raise, set up, stones
erect, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = bring on the scene
raise up = rouse, stir up
instigate, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = constitute
cause to stand
Hoph. be raised up
base
H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise
. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
. arise, abs., = become powerful
. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
. arise for, i.e. to become
. . arise for action
. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
. stand
. . fulfil
. . confirm, ratify
. confirm, establish
. impose, an obligation
. raise up
. raise oneself, = rise up
. . cause to arise, raise
. . raise, set up, stones
. erect, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = bring on the scene
. . raise up = rouse, stir up
. instigate, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = constitute
. cause to stand
. be raised up
6965 quwm koom
a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,
figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X
be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X
enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift
up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise
(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse
up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,
strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -
rising).
קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.
Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)
§ -Kamai = "my adversary"
Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai
קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to arise
1a2) to arise (hostile sense)
1a3) to arise, become powerful
1a4) to arise, come on the scene
1a5) to stand
1a5a) to maintain oneself
1a5b) to be established, be confirmed
1a5c) to stand, endure
1a5d) to be fixed
1a5e) to be valid
1a5f) to be proven
1a5g) to be fulfilled
1a5h) to persist
1a5i) to be set, be fixed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to fulfil
1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose
1c) (Polel) to raise up
1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause to arise, raise
1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build
1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene
1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate
1e5) to raise up, constitute
HVqcc — Verb · Qal · infinitive construct commonHVqcc
