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Psalms 68:28 — Word Study

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WLCצִוָּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ עֻ֫זֶּ֥ךָ עוּזָּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים ז֝֗וּ פָּעַ֥לְתָּ לָּֽנוּ׃

BSAthereshâm BenjaminBinyâmîyn littletsâʻîyr to rulerâdâh rulersar JudahYᵉhûwdâh crowdrigmâh rulersar ZebulunZᵉbûwlûwn rulersar NaphtaliNaphtâlîy

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 68
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 28 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (La.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 68:28quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls upon God to reveal His power and strength, which He has demonstrated on behalf of His people.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing God directly.
Where we areThis verse is part of a psalm celebrating God's might and His past actions for Israel.
The hard wordצִוָּ֥ה
Take awayGod's power is not just a concept; it is actively demonstrated in history.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׁם The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 68:28

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Call for Divine Strengthgenerated

27There is Benjamin, the youngest, ruling them, the princes of Judah in their company, the princes of Zebulun and of Naphtali.
28Summon Your power, O God; show Your strength, O God, which You have exerted on our behalf.
29Because of Your temple at Jerusalem kings will bring You gifts.
30Rebuke the beast in the reeds, the herd of bulls among the calves of the nations, until it submits, bringing bars of silver. Scatter the nations who delight in war.

Psalm 68:28 is a plea for God to display His power and strength on behalf of His people. The psalmist acknowledges God's past actions and seeks His intervention in the present, emphasizing the relationship between God and His people. This verse fits within a larger context that celebrates God's might and the victories He has granted Israel, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 42:8The LORD decrees His loving devotion by day, and at night His song is with me as a prayer to the God of my life.
2Psalm 44:4You are my King, O God, who ordains victories for Jacob.
3Psalm 71:3Be my rock of refuge, where I can always go. Give the command to save me, for You are my rock and my fortress.
4Isaiah 40:31But those who wait upon the LORD will renew their strength; they will mount up with wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not faint.
5John 5:8–9Then Jesus told him, “Get up, pick up your mat, and walk.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word צִוָּ֥ה, tzi.Vahgenerated

The verb צִוָּה (tsavah) means to command or ordain, indicating an authoritative action. It is derived from a primitive root and is primarily used in the Piel form, which emphasizes the act of appointing or charging someone with a task.

In this verse, it underscores the psalmist's call for God to command His power to be made evident. The use of this verb highlights the expectation that God will act decisively and with authority.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered consistently across translations, with all versions agreeing on the call for God to summon His power and show His strength.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verbs צִוָּ֥ה and פָּעַלְתָּ govern the main actions of the verse. The structure emphasizes a direct address to God, requesting His intervention and showcasing His strength.

The sentence flows from a command to a declaration of God's past actions, linking the present request to historical deeds.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates צִוָּ֥ה as ἐκεῖ, indicating a similar call for divine action. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of God's authority to command His power.

The translation choice shows a direct appeal to God's might, aligning with the Hebrew context.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 68:28 is a prayer asking God to show His power and strength for His people. The psalmist acknowledges what God has done in the past and seeks His help in the present, highlighting the ongoing relationship between God and Israel.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to summon God's power?

To summon God's power is to call upon Him to act decisively and reveal His strength in a tangible way for His people.

Why does the psalmist emphasize God's past actions?

Emphasizing God's past actions serves to remind the people of His faithfulness and ability to intervene in their current circumstances.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Psalm 68?

This verse encapsulates the theme of divine strength and intervention, which is central to Psalm 68, celebrating God's might and His relationship with Israel.

What can we learn from this verse about prayer?

This verse teaches that prayer can be a call for God's active presence and intervention, rooted in the recognition of His past faithfulness.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to call upon God's strength?
  2. How can remembering God's past actions encourage me in my current challenges?
  3. What does it mean for me to seek God's intervention in my life?
  4. How can I demonstrate faith in God's power and strength in my daily actions?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss God's power and the relationship between divine will and human action, as seen in their writings.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 68 354–430
"Command, O God, Your Virtue" [Psalms 68:28]. For one is our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, [1 Corinthians 8:6] and we in Him,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →
Fulgentius of RuspeLETTER TO MONIMUS 1:9.1 c. 462–533
Therefore we know both the will to do good and the ability to do good come from God. David agrees completely with this, showing that by the command of divine generosity the grace of a good will is granted: “Our steps are made firm by the…
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →
BedeCommentary on Acts 8:26A c. 673–735
“Arise and go to the south.” It is well that it was in the south that this man was sought, found and washed clean. Burning with devotion in his breast, he deserved to be consecrated to God as, so to speak, the firstfruits of the Gentiles.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 68 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 68:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Thy God hath commanded thy strength,.... Which is either an apostrophe or an address to the Messiah, as in Psalms 45:7; declaring, that as his God and Father had purposed and promised to send forth,

Read John Gill on Psalms 68 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 68 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Having spoken of Israel, and of their several tribes, ,27, he now directeth his speech to them. Hath commanded, i.e. hath ordained or effectually procured, as this word is oft used, as 44:4. Thy strength; all that strength and power which thou hast put forth at any time in fighting with thine enemies, and which is now greatly increased by the re-collection and union of all the tribes under one head, which is the work of God himself, without whom all the differences and animosities which had for many years been among them could never have been composed and quieted. Seeing therefore all our strength is in thee and from thee alone, we pray unto thee for the continuance and increase of our…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 68 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 68:28 Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.Ver. 28. Thy God hath commanded thy strength] A brave expression, admired by Longinus, a heathen rhetorician. See the like Deuteronomy 28:8; Psalms 33:9; Psalms 42:8; Psalms 44:4. God both made and ruleth the world without tool or toil; he enableth his people to subsist and to resist their enemies by his will only, and by the efficacy of his word. Suppeditavit tibi Deus tantum robur, nequid superbias, saith Vatablus. Strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us] Petamus ut det, quod ut habeamus iubet, Pray to the God of all grace to make us the same that he requireth us to be.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 68 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(28) Thy God hath commanded.—Rather, with LXX. and the ancient versions generally, Ordain, O God, thy strength.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 68 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 28. Thy God hath commanded] This and the following verses is what they sung.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 68 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

28–31. The purpose and sequel of the restoration of Israel is the conversion of the world; and the Psalmist now prays that God will display His strength and subdue all opposition, and sees the noblest of the nations hastening to pay Him homage.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 68 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Thy God hath commanded thy strength - Has ordered thy strength to appear, or to be manifested.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 68 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Summon Your power, O God; show Your strength, O God, which You have exerted on our behalf.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Your God has commanded your strength. Strengthen, God, that which you have done for us.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Summon Your power, O God; show Your strength, O God, which You have exerted on our behalf.

NETBNew English Translation2006

God has decreed that you will be powerful. O God, you who have acted on our behalf, demonstrate your power,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: Strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Thy God hath appointed thy strength: stablish, O God, that, which thou hast wrought in vs,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Thy God hath commanded thy strength, Be strong, O God, this Thou hast wrought for us.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Your God has commanded your strength, || Be strong, O God, You have worked this for us.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(68:29) Thy God hath ordained the rule to thee: strengthen, O God, what thou hast wrought for us.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength; reveal to us your power, God, as you have revealed it in times past.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Add thou iniquity upon their iniquity: and let them not come into thy justice.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Display your power, God! Reveal your strength, Lord, as you have done for us in the past.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

O God, send out your strength; the strength, O God, with which you have done great things for us,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbצִוָּ֥הhe.has.ordainednoun phrase · subjectאֱלֹהֶ֗יGodךָyournoun phrase · objectעֻ֫זֶּ֥strengthךָyourclauseclauseverb phrase · verbעוּזָּ֥beהstrongclausenoun phraseאֱלֹהִ֑יםO.Godrelpז֝֗וּwhoclauseverbפָּעַ֥לְתָּyou.have.actedprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָּֽforנוּus

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all eight words matching in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This demonstrates a strong consistency in the transmission of this psalm across traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

צִוָּ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ עֻ֫זֶּ֥ךָ עוּזָּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים ז֝֗וּ פָּעַ֥לְתָּ לָּֽנוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
צִוָּ֥הἐκεῖאֱלֹהֶ֗יךָνεώτεροςעֻ֫זֶּ֥ךָἐκστάσειעוּזָּ֥הιουδαאֱלֹהִ֑יםἡγεμόνεςז֝֗וּαὐτῶνפָּעַ֥לְתָּἄρξοντεςלָּֽנוּ׃ἄρξοντες

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 68:28צָוָהhe has ordahe has ordainedצָוָהאֱלֹהִיםGod yourGod yourאֱלֹהִיםעֹזstrength yostrength yourעֹזעָזַזbe strong !be strong !עָזַזאֱלֹהִיםO GodO Godאֱלֹהִיםזוּwhowhoזוּפָּעַלyou have acyou have actedפָּעַלנוּfor usfor usנוּאֱלֹהַּgodgodאֱלֹהַּעָזַזbe strongbe strongעָזַזזֶהthisthisזֶהאַחֵרanotheranotherאַחֵראֲרוֹןarkarkאֲרוֹןמֹשֶׁהMosesMosesמֹשֶׁהמִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָהמַחְסֶּהrefugerefugeמַחְסֶּהגָּאוֹןprideprideגָּאוֹןכּוּשַׁןCushan-risCushan-rishathaכּוּשַׁןיָדhandhandיָדטָמַןto hideto hideטָמַןרֶ֫שֶׁתnetnetרֶ֫שֶׁתאָ֫וֶןevil: wickevil: wickednesאָ֫וֶןעָ֫וֶלinjusticeinjusticeעָ֫וֶל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 68:28

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
צִוָּ֥הtzi.Vah he has ordained H6680 Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
494× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To command or give orders, as seen in the Bible when God gives charge to his people. It can also mean to appoint or ordain someone for a task. This word is used in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
to command
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָוָה (tsavah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to command or give orders. It is built from a primitive root and primarily used in the Piel form, indicating actions like appointing or charging someone with a task. The entries highlight its various applications, including laying charges and sending messengers. There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָוָה] 485 vb. Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6680 צָוָה Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6680 tsavah tsaw-vaw'

a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute,

enjoin:--appoint, (for-)bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give

in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put,

(set) in order.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָוָה (tsa.vah) — to command.

1) to command, charge, give orders, lay charge, give charge to, order

1a)(Piel)

1a1) to lay charge upon

1a2) to give charge to, give command to

1a3) to give charge unto

1a4) to give charge over, appoint

1a5) to give charge, command

1a6) to charge, command

1a7) to charge, commission

1a8) to command, appoint, ordain (of divine act)

1b) (Pual) to be commanded

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpp3ms — Verb · Piel · perfect third person masculine singular
HVpp3ms
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ'e.lo.Hei.kha God your H430 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
2,603× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
God
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.

pl. in number.

rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

angels

gods

pl. intensive

god or goddess

godlike one

works of God, or things belongng to him

God

הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

אֱלֹהִים = God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

. angels

. gods

. pl. intensive . god or goddess

. godlike one

. works of God, or things belongng to him

. God

. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

. אֱלֹהִים = God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

430 'elohiym el-o-heem'

plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically

used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the

supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to

magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X

exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X

mighty.

see HEBREW for 0433

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.

This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.

Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.

Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2ms
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
עֻ֫זֶּ֥ךָ'u.Ze.kha strength your H5797 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
92× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Describes strength or might, including physical power, social status, or boldness, like the strength of God or a strong leader.
Tyndale gloss
strength
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֹז (oz) refers to strength or might, encompassing material, physical, personal, social, and political dimensions. It can denote boldness or impudence and is associated with the might of God. The word is built from the root related to strength and power, with various applications noted in the entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֹז, and (rarely) עוֹז n.m. strength, might

material and physical

personal, social, and political

might of י׳

= boldness, impudence

= stronghold

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5797 עֹז, and (rarely) עוֹז strength, might . material and physical

. personal, social, and political

. might of י׳

. = boldness, impudence

. = stronghold

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5797 `oz oze

or (fully) rowz {oze}; from 5810; strength in various

applications (force, security, majesty, praise):--boldness,

loud, might, power, strength, strong.

see HEBREW for 05810

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֹז (oz) — strength.

1) might, strength

1a) material or physical

1b) personal or social or political

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2ms
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
עוּזָּ֥ה'u.Zah be strong ! H5810 Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to be strong or prevail, and can also mean to make something firm. It's used in the Bible to describe God strengthening someone or someone becoming strong. The KJV translates it as 'harden' or 'strengthen'.
Tyndale gloss
be strong
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָזַז (azaz) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be strong or to prevail. It can refer to both literal and figurative strength, with uses in the Qal form indicating strength or prevailing, and in the Hiphil form suggesting making firm or strengthening. The entries highlight its application in contexts of boldness, particularly in relation to a wicked man.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָזַז] vb. be strong

Qal be strong, prevail

Hiph. a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5810 [עָזַז] be strong .be strong, prevail

. a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5810 `azaz aw-zaz'

a primitive root; to be stout (literally or

figuratively):--harden, impudent, prevail, strengthen (self),

be strong.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָזַז (a.zaz) — be strong.

1) to be strong

1a) (Qal) to be strong, prevail

1b) (Hiphil) to make firm, strengthen

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqv2ms/Sh — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
HVqv2ms/Sh
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
אֱלֹהִ֑ים'E.lo.Him O God H430 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2,603× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
God
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.

pl. in number.

rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

angels

gods

pl. intensive

god or goddess

godlike one

works of God, or things belongng to him

God

הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

אֱלֹהִים = God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

. angels

. gods

. pl. intensive . god or goddess

. godlike one

. works of God, or things belongng to him

. God

. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

. אֱלֹהִים = God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

430 'elohiym el-o-heem'

plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically

used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the

supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to

magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X

exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X

mighty.

see HEBREW for 0433

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.

This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.

Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.

Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA

1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought

2. Definition of the Idea

3. The Knowledge of God

4. Ethnic Ideas of God

(1) Animism

(2) Fetishism

(3) Idolatry

(4) Polytheism

(5) Henotheism

(6) Pantheism

(7) Deism

(8) Semitic Monolatry

(9) Monotheism

II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

1. The Course of Its Development

2. Forms of Its Manifestation

(1) The Face or Countenance of God

(2) The Voice and Word of God

(3) The Glory of God

(4) The Angel of God

(5) The Spirit of God

(6) The Name of God

(7) Occasional Forms

3. The Names of God

(1) Generic

(2) Attributive

(3) Yahweh

4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God

(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel

(a) His Early Worship

(b) Popular Religion

(c) Polytheistic Tendencies

(i) Coordination

(ii) Assimilation

(iii) Disintegration

(d) No Hebrew Goddesses

(e) Human Sacrifices

Easton's Bible Dictionary

God

(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).

The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:

(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…

he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
ז֝֗וּZu who H2098 Particle
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Similar to H2097, this word is used to identify something, as in Exodus 32:1 where the people say 'this is your god'. It's a way of saying 'this' or 'that', often to point out a specific thing or person.
Tyndale gloss
this
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זוּ (zuw) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that,' and can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'whom.' It is indeclinable and primarily found in poetic contexts, as noted in the Brown-Driver-Briggs entry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זוּ pron. (poet.), indeclinable.

a demonstr. this

a relative which

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2098 זוּ pron. (poet.), indeclinable. . a demonstr. this

. a relative which

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2098 zuw zoo

for 2088; this or that:--that, this, X wherein, which, whom.

see HEBREW for 02088

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זוּ (zu) — this.

demons pron

1) this, such rel pron

2) (of) which, (of) whom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
פָּעַ֥לְתָּpa.'Al.ta you have acted H6466 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
57× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To work or do something is the meaning of this Hebrew verb, often used to describe habitual or systematic actions. It can also mean to make or practise something.
Tyndale gloss
to work
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּעַל (pa'al) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, often used in a systematic or habitual sense. It encompasses actions like committing, ordaining, and working, with a poetic nuance compared to the more common verb for 'to do' (עָשָׂה). The entries consistently highlight its usage in the Qal stem, emphasizing its foundational role in expressing action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּעַל 67 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)

Qal

do

make

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6466 פָּעַל do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6466 pa`al paw-al'

a primitive root; to do or make (systematically and

habitually), especially to practise:--commit, (evil-)

do(-er), make(-r), ordain, work(-er).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּעַל (pa.al) — to work.

1) to do, make

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to do

1a2) to make

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp2ms — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
HVqp2ms
he has ordained God your strength your be strong ! O God who you have acted for us
לָּֽנוּ׃La.nu for us H9035 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נוּ (nu) — us.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bp
English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

US, pronoun objective case of we.

Give us this day our daily bread.

Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.

Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.

Us, pron. oblique case of we

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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