Psalms 78:24 — Word Study
WLCוַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־ שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃
BSAHe rained downmâṭar▸ [like a divine provision] mannamân [a special food, bread from heaven] for themʻal to eatʼâkal [to devour, to satisfy their hunger] He gavenâthan■ [bestowed, provided] graindâgân [corn, wheat] from heavenshâmayim [out of, from the abundance of, the sky, the heavenly realm]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר | and he rained down | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם | on them | Preposition, suffix |
| מָ֣ן | manna | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לֶאֱכֹ֑ל | to eat | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| וּדְגַן־ | and [the] grain of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם | heaven | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| נָ֣תַן | he gave | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| לָֽמוֹ׃ | to them | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He rained down manna for them to eat; He gave them grain from heaven. |
| KJV | And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven. |
| ASV | And he rained down manna upon them to eat, And gave them food from heaven. |
| YLT | And He raineth on them manna to eat, Yea, corn of heaven He hath given to them. |
| WEB | He rained down manna on them to eat, and gave them food from the sky. |
| BBE | And he sent down manna like rain for their food, and gave them the grain of heaven. |
The translations agree on the key terms used in this verse.
The verse contains two main clauses, each describing God's provision, with the infinitive phrase clarifying the purpose of the first clause.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָטַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 78:24
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Provision in the Wildernessgenerated
Psalm 78:24 describes how God rained down manna for the Israelites to eat, providing them with sustenance during their time in the wilderness. This act of divine provision is a reminder of God's care and faithfulness to His people, as He supplied their needs in a barren land. The surrounding verses emphasize God's power and the miraculous nature of His gifts, reinforcing the theme of reliance on God's provision.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 68:9 | You sent abundant rain, O God; You refreshed Your weary inheritance. |
| 2 | Psalm 105:40 | They asked, and He brought quail and satisfied them with the bread of heaven. |
| 3 | Exodus 16:4–14 | Then the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain down bread from heaven for you. Each day the people are to go out and gather enough for that day. In this way I will test whether or not they will follow My instructions. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 8:3 | He humbled you, and in your hunger He gave you manna to eat, which neither you nor your fathers had known, so that you might understand that man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD. |
| 5 | Nehemiah 9:15–20 | In their hunger You gave them bread from heaven; in their thirst You brought them water from the rock. You told them to go in and possess the land which You had sworn to give them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מָן, mangenerated
The word מָן (man) refers to the miraculous food provided by God to the Israelites during their journey in the wilderness. It is a noun that signifies a special type of bread from heaven, which the people named in wonder, asking 'What is it?' This reflects their astonishment at God's provision.
The term appears in contexts that highlight God's sustaining power, emphasizing that it was not merely food but a divine gift meant to nourish and sustain His people. The word carries a sense of mystery and wonder, as it was unlike any food they had known.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר (vai.yam.Ter), meaning 'and he rained down,' governs the sentence, with two main phrases following: one describing what was rained down and another detailing what was given. The structure emphasizes God's active role in providing sustenance.
The sentence begins with the verb, placing emphasis on God's action, followed by the object מָן (man) and the infinitive phrase לֶאֱכֹ֑ל (le.'e.Khol), indicating the purpose of the manna.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר as ἔβρεχεν (ebrechēn), which means 'he rained down.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning of causing rain to fall, emphasizing the miraculous nature of the provision.
The Greek word for manna, μαννα, is a direct borrowing from the Hebrew, maintaining the sense of divine sustenance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 78:24 tells us that God rained down manna for the Israelites to eat and provided them with grain from heaven. This shows how God cared for His people during their time in the wilderness, ensuring they had enough to sustain them.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Manna is the miraculous food that God provided for the Israelites in the wilderness, described as bread from heaven.
God provided manna to sustain the Israelites during their journey in the wilderness, demonstrating His care and provision.
The grain from heaven refers to the additional sustenance God provided, emphasizing the abundance of His gifts.
This verse highlights God's faithfulness in providing for His people, reminding them of His power and care throughout their journey.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I recognize God's provision in my life today?
- In what ways does this verse encourage me to trust in God's care?
- What does it mean for me to rely on God's sustenance, both physically and spiritually?
- How can I share the story of God's provision with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers reference this verse to discuss God's miraculous provision, emphasizing the spiritual significance of the manna.
Let us turn back to the one who performed these miracles. He is himself the bread that came down from heaven; but bread that nourishes and never diminishes; bread that can be eaten but cannot be eaten up.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 78 →
This is where you are going; the same one is the way by which you are going. You do not go through one thing to something else; you do not come through something else to Christ. You come through Christ to Christ.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 78 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 78:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd had rained down manna upon them to eat,.... So called, either from מנה, "manah", which signifies to prepare, appoint, and distribute, because this was food prepared of God for the Israelites
Read John Gill on Psalms 78 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMarvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 78 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWhich was made in heaven, or the air, and sent down thence to the earth.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 78 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 78:24 And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.Ver. 24. And had rained down manna upon them] Manna signifieth, What is this? whereunto in the allegory answereth, This is my body. Or, according to others, it signifieth a prepared portion, prepared by God, so that they might presently eat of it, though they might grind, or pound, or bake, or boil it also, they might do anything with it, as they might with meal; whence it is here called the corn of heaven, that is, a seed which was unto them instead of corn.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 78 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 24. The corn of heaven.] The manna. It fell about their camp in the form of seeds; and as it appeared to come down from the clouds, it was not improperly termed heavenly corn, or heavenly grain, דגן שמים degan shamayim. The word shamayim is frequently taken to express the atmosphere.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 78 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges24. And he rained down manna upon them to eat, And gave them the corn of heaven.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 78 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd had rained down manna upon them to eat - Exodus 16:4-5, Exodus 16:14; Numbers 11:7-9. Compare the notes at John 6:31. And had given them of the corn of heaven - Food that seemed to come down from heaven.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 78 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible24. Manna—Hebrew ξπ, (man,) according to Gesenius from the Arabic, which signifies a portion, gift, because it was an allotment bestowed from Heaven.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 78 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He rained down manna for them to eat; He gave them grain from heaven.
He rained down manna on them to eat, and gave them food from the sky.
He rained down manna for them to eat; He gave them grain from heaven.
He rained down manna for them to eat; he gave them the grain of heaven.
Tyndale line
And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.
And he rained down manna upon them to eat, And gave them food from heaven.
And he rained down manna upon them to eat, and gave them of the corn of heaven.
And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.
And had rained downe MAN vpon them for to eate, and had giuen them of the wheate of heauen.
Strictly literal
And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them the corn of the heavens.
And He raineth on them manna to eat, Yea, corn of heaven He hath given to them.
And He rains manna on them to eat, || Indeed, He has given grain of the heavens to them.
And he let rain down upon them manna to eat, and the corn of heaven gave he unto them.
He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven.
Simplified
and he made manna rain down on them to eat, giving them bread from heaven.
And he sent down manna like rain for their food, and gave them the grain of heaven.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־ שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃" which translates to, "He rained down manna for them to eat; He gave them grain from heaven." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning and wording, with all eight words matched in a word-by-word correspondence, although the order and articles may differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls also align with the Masoretic Text in this verse, confirming the consistency across these ancient witnesses.
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־ שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 78:24
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מָטַר (matar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to rain.' It can refer to the act of raining or being rained upon, with specific forms indicating whether the subject is causing rain to fall or simply receiving it. The entries highlight its use in both the Niphal and Hiphil stems, covering various aspects of rain.
[מָטַר] vb. denom. [rain]
Niph. be rained upon
Hiph. send rain, rain
base
H4305 מָטַר vb. denom. [rain] . be rained upon
. send rain, rain
4305 matar maw-tar'
a primitive root; to rain:--(cause to) rain (upon).
מָטַר (ma.tar) — to rain.
1) to rain
1a) (Niphal) to be rained on or upon
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to rain, send rain
1b2) to rain hail, send hail
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhw3ms
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
מָן (man) refers to manna, the bread from Heaven that sustained the Israelites during their 40 years in the wilderness. The term is thought to derive from the question 'What is it?' which reflects the people's confusion upon first encountering it. This connection is noted in Exodus 16:15.
מָן n.m. manna
base
מָן in Ex 16:15 (with reference to the manna), most prob. ‘What is it?’ the question being intended as a popular etym. of מָן ‘manna’
ref
H4478a מָן manna H4478b מָן most prob. ‘What is it?’ the question being intended as a popular etym. of מָן ‘manna’
4478 man mawn
from 4100; literally, a whatness (so to speak), i.e. manna
(so called from the question about it):--manna.
see HEBREW for 04100
מָן (man) — manna.
1) manna
1a) the bread from Heaven that fed the Israelites for 40 years of wilderness wanderings
מָן (man) — What?.
'What is it?'
Another spelling of mah (מָה "what?" H4100)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
man'-a (man; manna): The Hebrew man is probably derived, as Ebers suggests, from the Egyptian mennu, "food." In Ex 16:15, we have a suggested source of the name, "They said one to another, What is it?" i.e. manhu, which also means, "It is manna" (see margin).
1. Old Testament References:
This substance is described as occurring in flakes or small round grains, literally, "hoax frost"; it fell with the dew (Nu 11:9) and appeared when the dew left the ground (Ex 16:14); "It was like coriander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey" (Ex 16:31). In Nu 11:8, its taste is described "as the taste of…
Manna
Heb. man-hu, “What is that?” the name given by the Israelites to the food miraculously supplied to them during their wanderings in the wilderness (Ex. 16:15-35). The name is commonly taken as derived from man, an expression of surprise, “What is it?” but more probably it is derived from manan, meaning “to allot,” and hence denoting an “allotment” or a “gift.” This “gift” from God is described as “a small round thing,” like the “hoar-frost on the ground,” and “like coriander seed,” “of the colour of bdellium,” and in taste “like wafers made with honey.” It was capable of being baked and boiled, ground in mills, or beaten in a mortar (Ex. 16:23; Num. 11:7). If any was kept over till the following morning, it became corrupt…
(what is this?) (Heb. man). The most important passages of the Old Testament on this topic are the following: (Exodus 16:14-36; Numbers 11:7-9; 11:5,16; Joshua 5:12; Psalms 78:24; 25) From these passages we learn that the manna came every morning except the Sabbath, in the form of a small round seed resembling the hear frost that it must be gathered early, before the sun became so hot as to melt it; that it must be gathered every day except the Sabbath; that the attempt to lay aside for a succeeding day, except on the clay immediately preceding the Sabbath, failed by the substance becoming wormy and offensive; that it was prepared for food by grinding and baking; that its…
The miraculous food given by God to the Israelites during their wanderings in the desert. It was a small grain, white like hoarfrost, round, and of the size of coriander-seed, Ex 16:1-36 Nu 11:1-35. It fell every morning, with the dew, about the camp of the Israelites, and in so great quantities during the whole forty years of their journey in the wilderness, that it was sufficient to serve the entire multitude instead of bread, Ex 16:35 De 29:5,6 Jos 5:12. It is nowhere said that the Israelites had no other food, that numerous flocks and herds accompanied the camp of Israel is clear from many passages. Certainly the…
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
דָּגָן (dagan) refers to grain or corn, specifically cereals like wheat. It is derived from a root meaning 'increase.' The entries consistently emphasize its agricultural context, relating to the produce of the land.
דָּגָן n.m. corn, grain (of cereals)
base
H1715 דָּגָן corn, grain (of cereals)
1715 dagan daw-gawn'
from 1711; properly, increase, i.e. grain:--corn ((floor)),
wheat.
see HEBREW for 01711
דָּגָן (da.gan) — grain.
wheat, cereal, grain, corn
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word שָׁמַיִם (*shamayim*) is a dual noun meaning 'heavens' or 'sky.' It refers to the visible heavens where celestial bodies are found, as well as the abode of God. The dual form may suggest both the arch of the sky and the higher ether. It is noted in contexts such as Elijah's ascent in a whirlwind.
[שָׁמַי] n.m. only pl. שָׁמַיִם 421 heavens, sky
visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
phrases
as abode of God
Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
base
H8064 שָׁמַי only pl. שָׁמַיִם heavens, sky . . visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
. phrases
. . as abode of God
. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
8064 shamayim shaw-mah'-yim
dual of an unused singular shameh {shaw-meh'}; from an unused
root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps
alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well
as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies
revolve):--air, X astrologer, heaven(-s).
שָׁמַיִם (sha.ma.yim) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible heavens, sky
1a1) as abode of the stars
1a2) as the visible universe, the sky, atmosphere, etc
1b) Heaven (as the abode of God)
Aramaic equivalent: sha.ma.yin (שָׁמַ֫יִן "heaven" H8065)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
hev'-'n.
See ASTRONOMY.
Heaven
(1.) Definitions. The phrase “heaven and earth” is used to indicate the whole universe (Gen. 1:1; Jer. 23:24; Acts 17:24). According to the Jewish notion there were three heavens,
(a) The firmament, as “fowls of the heaven” (Gen. 2:19; 7:3, 23; Ps. 8:8, etc.), “the eagles of heaven” (Lam. 4:19), etc.
(b) The starry heavens (Deut. 17:3; Jer. 8:2; Matt. 24:29).
There are four Hebrew words thus rendered in the Old Testament which we may briefly notice. Raki’a , Authorized Version, firmament. [FIRMAMENT] Shamayim . This is the word used in the expression "the heaven and the earth," or "the upper and lower regions." (Genesis 1:1) Marom , used for heaven in (Psalms 18:16; Isaiah 24:18; Jeremiah 25:30). Properly speaking it means a mountain as in (Psalms 102:19; Ezekiel 17:23) Shechakim , "expanses," with reference to the extent of heaven. (33:26; Job 35:5) St. Paul’s expression "third heaven," (
In the Bible, means primarily the region of the air and clouds, and of the planets and stars, but chiefly the world of holy bliss above the visible heavens. It is called "the third heaven," "the highest heaven," and "the heaven of heavens," expressions nearly synonymous. There holy beings are to dwell, seeing all of God that it is possible for creatures to see. Thither Christ ascended, to intercede for his people and prepare for them a place where all shall at length be gathered, to go no more out forever, Eph 4:10 Heb 8:1 9:24-28.
In this life we can know but little of the location and appearance of heaven, or of the employments and blessedness of its inhabitants. The Scriptures inform us that all sin, and every other evil, are forever excluded; no fruits of sin will be found…
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
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H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp