Psalms 83:9 — Word Study
WLCעֲשֵֽׂה־ לָהֶ֥ם כְּמִדְיָ֑ן כְּֽסִֽיסְרָ֥א כְ֝יָבִ֗ין בְּנַ֣חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃
BSAalsogam AsshurʼAshshûwr to joinlâvâh withʻim to behâyâh armzᵉrôwaʻ sonbên LotLôwṭ Selahçelâh
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֲשֵֽׂה־ | do | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| לָהֶ֥ם | to them | Preposition, suffix |
| כְּמִדְיָ֑ן | like Midian | Preposition, noun proper |
| כְּֽסִֽיסְרָ֥א | like Sisera | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
| כְ֝יָבִ֗ין | like Jabin | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
| בְּנַ֣חַל | at [the] wadi of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| קִישֽׁוֹן׃ | Kishon | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Do to them as You did to Midian, as to Sisera and Jabin at the River Kishon, |
| KJV | Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison: |
| ASV | Do thou unto them as unto Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon; |
| YLT | Do to them as [to] Midian, As [to] Sisera, as [to] Jabin, at the stream Kishon. |
| WEB | Do to them as you did to Midian, as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon; |
| BBE | Do to them what you did to the Midianites; what you did to Sisera and Jabin, at the stream of Kishon: |
Translations agree on the imperative request to God in this verse.
The main clause is followed by comparative phrases that specify how God is asked to act, culminating in a prepositional phrase that locates the action historically.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbגַּם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 83:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Plea for Divine Justicegenerated
Psalms 83:9 is part of a prayer where the psalmist calls upon God to deal with Israel's adversaries in the same way He dealt with the Midianites, Sisera, and Jabin. This verse reflects a deep reliance on God's historical actions as a basis for current requests for help. The surrounding verses describe the coalition of nations against Israel, emphasizing the urgency of the psalmist's plea.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 31:7–8 | Then they waged war against Midian, as the LORD had commanded Moses, and they killed every male. |
| 2 | Judges 7:22–25 | And when the three hundred rams’ horns sounded, the LORD set all the men in the camp against one another with their swords. The army fled to Beth-shittah toward Zererah as far as the border of Abel-meholah near Tabbath. |
| 3 | Isaiah 9:4 | For as in the day of Midian You have shattered the yoke of their burden, the bar across their shoulders, and the rod of their oppressor. |
| 4 | Isaiah 10:26 | And the LORD of Hosts will brandish a whip against them, as when He struck Midian at the rock of Oreb. He will raise His staff over the sea, as He did in Egypt. |
| 5 | Judges 4:15–24 | And in front of him the LORD routed with the sword Sisera, all his charioteers, and all his army. Sisera abandoned his chariot and fled on foot. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֲשֵֽׂה־, 'a.seh-generated
The verb עָשָׂה (asah) means to do or make, covering a wide range of actions including producing, preparing, and observing. It is used in various contexts throughout the Bible, indicating both concrete actions and abstract concepts.
In this verse, the imperative form addresses God directly, asking Him to act decisively against Israel's enemies. The command reflects a sense of urgency and faith in God's ability to intervene as He has in the past.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses Do to them, a direct rendering of the Hebrew imperative.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is עֲשֵֽׂה־, do, which governs the entire verse. The structure emphasizes the direct request to God, with several phrases detailing the manner of action based on historical events.
The phrases following the verb provide specific examples of past events, creating a parallel structure that reinforces the psalmist's appeal for divine action.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb עָשָׂה is rendered as καὶ (kai), which serves as a conjunction. This choice indicates a continuation of thought rather than a direct command, slightly altering the emphasis.
The Greek translation captures the essence of the request but shifts the focus from a direct imperative to a broader narrative context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 83:9 is a prayer asking God to treat Israel's enemies as He did in the past with the Midianites, Sisera, and Jabin. The psalmist recalls these historical victories to encourage God to act again in defense of His people.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
These references serve as historical examples of God's past victories over Israel's enemies, providing a basis for the psalmist's plea for divine intervention.
It reflects the psalmist's faith in God's consistent character and ability to deliver His people from oppression.
The verse encapsulates the theme of seeking God's help against adversaries, emphasizing reliance on His historical actions.
It highlights the importance of remembering God's past faithfulness as we seek His help in our present struggles.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I recall God's past faithfulness in my own life when facing challenges?
- What examples of God's intervention in history can I use to encourage others?
- In what ways can I actively seek God's help in my current circumstances?
- How does understanding the context of this psalm deepen my prayer life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse reflects on the psalmist's request for divine action against enemies, as seen in Augustine's work.
Now let us see what the prophetic spirit prays may fall upon them, rather foretelling than cursing. "Do thou to them," he says, "as unto Madian and Sisera,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 83 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 83:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleDo unto them as unto the Midianites,.... In the times of Gideon, who destroyed one another, trod in whose destruction the hand of the Lord was very visible, Jude 7:20, and much in the same manner was
Read John Gill on Psalms 83 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryDo unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison: Do unto them as unto the Midianites - overthrown by mutual destruction, Gideon leading 300 men of Israel (Judges 7:22 : cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 83 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 83:9 Do unto them as [unto] the Midianites; as [to] Sisera, as [to] Jabin, at the brook of Kison:Ver. 9. Do unto them as unto the Midianites] And how that was, see Judges 6:1-40; Judges 7:1-25; Judges 8:1-21. Preces sunt bombardae et instrumenta bellica Christianorum saith Luther.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 83 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9-12) For the historical allusion see references in margin. The splendid victories of Barak and Gideon were the constant theme of poets and prophets when trying to encourage their own generation by the examples of the past. (See Isaiah 9:4; Isaiah 10:26; Habakkuk 3:7.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 83 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Do unto them as unto the Midianites] Who were utterly defeated by Gideon, Judges 7:21-22. As to Sisera] Captain of the army of Jabin, king of Canaan, who was totally defeated by Deborah and Barak, near Mount Tabor, by the river Kishon; and himself, after having fled from the battle, slain by Jael, the wife of Heber, the Kenite. See Judges 4:15, &c.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 83 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9–12. Prayer for their destruction as the Canaanites were destroyed by Deborah and Barak, and the Midianites by Gideon.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 83 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleDo unto them as unto the Midianites - That is, Let them be overthrown and destroyed as the Midianites were. The reference here is to the complete overthrow of the Midianites, as related in Num. 31.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 83 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible9. Do unto them—The thing they proposed to do to Judah is imprecated on them. The issue of the war was the question of national existence. Let God arbitrate, and give this boon only to the innocent party.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 83 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Do to them as You did to Midian, as to Sisera and Jabin at the River Kishon,
Do to them as you did to Midian, as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;
Do to them as You did to Midian, as to Sisera and Jabin at the River Kishon,
Do to them as you did to Midian – as you did to Sisera and Jabin at the Kishon River!
Tyndale line
Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison:
Do thou unto them as unto Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;
Do thou unto them as unto Midian; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon:
Do to them as to the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison:
Doe thou to them as vnto the Midianites: as to Sisera and as to Iabin at the riuer of Kishon.
Strictly literal
Do unto them as to Midian; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the torrent of Kishon:
Do to them as [to] Midian, As [to] Sisera, as [to] Jabin, at the stream Kishon.
Do to them as Midian, || As Sisera, as Jabin, at the Brook of Kishon.
(83:10) Do unto them as [unto] Midian; as to Sissera, as to Jabin, at the brook Kishon:
Do to them as you did to Midian, as you did to Sisera and to Jabin at the Kishon River.
From the Latin
O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob.
Simplified
Do to them what you did to Midian, what you did to Sisera and Jabin at the Kishon River.
Do to them what you did to the Midianites; what you did to Sisera and Jabin, at the stream of Kishon:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show a high degree of agreement in this verse, with six out of seven words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align closely with the Masoretic Text, indicating consistency across these ancient witnesses.
עֲשֵֽׂה־ לָהֶ֥ם כְּמִדְיָ֑ן כְּֽסִֽיסְרָ֥א כְ֝יָבִ֗ין בְּנַ֣חַל קִישֽׁוֹן׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
גם אשור נלוה עמ׳ם היו זרוע לבני לוט סלה
9 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 83:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
HVqv2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
מִדְיָן (Midyan) refers to the son of Abraham and Keturah, as well as the Arabian tribe and territory associated with him. This land is located north of the Arabian peninsula and is significant in the context of Moses' flight from Pharaoh. The term is linked to the concept of 'strife,' reflecting the historical and cultural connections of the Midianites.
מִדְיָן n.pr.m.
son of Abraham and Keturah
an Arabian tribe
the land of Midian; land on Ælanitic gulf
base
H4080 מִדְיָן . son of Abraham and Keturah
. an Arabian tribe
. the land of Midian; land on Ælanitic gulf
4080 Midyan mid-yawn'
the same as 4079; Midjan, a son of Abraham; also his country
and (collectively) his descendants:--Midian, Midianite.
see HEBREW for 04079
מִדְיָן (mid.yan) — Midian.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.2;
son of: Abraham (H0085) and Keturah (H6989);
half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458) and Isaac (H3327);
brother of: Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744);
father of: Ephah (H5891), Epher (H6081), Hanoch (H2585I), Abida (H0028) and Eldaah (H0420)
§ Midian or Midianite = "strife"
1) son of Abraham by Keturah and progenitor of the tribe of Midianites or Arabians
2) the tribe descended from Midian
3) the territory of the tribe descended from Midian; located principally in the desert north of the Arabian peninsula; land to which Moses went when he fled from Pharaoh
מִדְיָן (mid.yan) — Midian.
§ Midian or Midianite = "strife"
the tribe descended from Midian
HR/Npl — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Midian
Strife, the fourth son of Abraham by Keturah, the father of the Midianites (Gen. 25:2; 1 Chr. 1:32).
(strife), a son of Abraham and Keturah, (Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:32) progenitor of the Midianites, or Arabians dwelling principally in the desert north of the peninsula of Arabia. Southward they extended along the eastern shore of the Gulf of Eyleh (Sinus AElaniticus); and northward they stretched along the eastern frontier of Palestine. The "land of Midian," the place to which Moses fled after having killed the Egyptian, (Exodus 2:15,21) or the portion of it specially referred to, was probably the peninsula of Sinai. The influence of the Midianties on the Israelites was clearly most evil, and directly tended to lead them from the injunctions of Moses. The events at Shittim occasioned the injunction to vex Midian and smite…
The fourth son of Abraham and Keturah, Ge 25:2.
judgment; covering; habit
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) refers to Sisera, a Canaanite general under King Jabin of Hazor, known for being defeated by Jael. The name is associated with 'battle array' and appears in contexts relating to both the conquest of Israel and the return from exile, indicating its historical significance.
סִיסְרָא 21 n.pr.m.
general of Jabin, king of Hazor
returned exiles
base
H5516 סִיסְרָא
5516 Ciycra'; see-ser-aw'
of uncertain derivation; Sisera, the name of a Canaanitish
king and of one of the Nethinim:--Sisera.
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) — Sisera.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.4.2
§ Sisera = "battle array"
1) the conquering general under king Jabin of Hazor and slain by Jael
2) ancestor of a family of temple slaves who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) — Sisera.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.53
§ Sisera = "battle array"
1) the conquering general under king Jabin of Hazor and slain by Jael
2) ancestor of a family of temple slaves who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
HR/Npm — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
sis'-er-a (cicera', of doubtful meaning; S(e)isara):
(1) Given in Judges 4 as the captain of the army of Jabin, king of Hazor. The accounts given of the battle of Sisera with Barak, as found in Judges 4 and 5, have important points of difference. The first is a prose, the second a poetic narrative. In the first only Naphtali and Zebulun are mentioned as being under the command of Barak; in the second 6 tribes are given as being under his command. In Judges 4 Sisera is known as the captain of Jabin's forces, while in Judges 5 he seems to have been an independent leader. There is also a difference as to the scene of the battle and as to the manner in which Sisera met his death at the hand of Jael. Because of these points of difference, added to the fact that this is the only account, in these early times, where a king did not lead his own forces, it is thought by many that there is here…
Sisera
(Egypt. Ses-Ra, “servant of Ra”). (1.) The captain of Jabin’s army (Judg. 4:2), which was routed and destroyed by the army of Barak on the plain of Esdraelon. After all was lost he fled to the settlement of Heber the Kenite in the plain of Zaanaim. Jael, Heber’s wife, received him into her tent with apparent hospitality, and “gave him butter” (i.e., lebben, or curdled milk) “in a lordly dish.” Having drunk the refreshing beverage, he lay down, and soon sank into the sleep of the weary. While he lay asleep Jael crept stealthily up to him, and taking in her hand one of the tent pegs, with a mallet she drove it with such force through his temples that it entered into the ground where he lay, and “at her feet he bowed, he fell; where he bowed, there he fell down dead.” The part of Deborah’s song (
(battle array). Captain of the army of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor. He himself resided in Harosheth of the Gentiles. The particulars of the rout of Megiddo and of Sisera’s flight and death are drawn out under the heads of BARAK, DEBORAH, JAEL, KISHON. (B.C. 1296.) After a long interval the name appears in the lists of Nethinim who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:53; Nehemiah 7:55) It doubtless tells of Canaanite captives devoted to the lowest offices of the temple. (B.C. before 536.)
A general in the army of Jabin king of Hazor, sent by his master against Barak and Deborah, who occupied Mount Tabor with an army. Being defeated, he fled on foot, and was ingloriously slain by Jael, Jud 4:1-5:31. See JAEL.
יָבִין (Yabiyn) refers to two Canaanite kings of Hazor, noted for their intelligence. The name means 'whom God observes.' The first Jabin led a confederacy against Joshua, while the second was defeated by Barak, with both mentioned in the context of Israel's early history.
יָבִין n.pr.m. (one who is intelligent, discerning) two Canaanite kings of Hazor
base
H2985 יָבִין
2985 Yabiyn yaw-bene'
from 995; intelligent; Jabin, the name of two Canaanitish
kings:--Jabin.
see HEBREW for 0995
יָבִין (ya.vin) — Jabin.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jos.11.1
§ Jabin = "whom God observes"
1) a king of Hazor who organised a confederacy of the northern princes against Joshua; confederacy routed by the waters of Merom
2) another king of Hazor whose general, Sisera, was defeated by Barak
יָבִין (ya.vin) — Jabin.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.4.2
§ Jabin = "whom God observes"
1) a king of Hazor who organised a confederacy of the northern princes against Joshua; confederacy routed by the waters of Merom
2) another king of Hazor whose general, Sisera, was defeated by Barak
HR/Npm — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
ja'-bin (yabhin, "one who is intelligent," "discerning." The word may have been a hereditary royal title among the northern Canaanites. Compare the familiar usage of par`oh melekh mitsrayim):
(1) "The king of Hazor," the leading city in Northern Palestine, who led an alliance against Joshua. He was defeated at the waters of Merom, his city was taken and he was slain (Jos 11:1-9).
(2) "The king of Canaan, that reigned (or had reigned) in Hazor." It is not clear whether he dwelt in Hazor or Harosheth, the home of Sisera, the captain of his host at the time of the story narrated in Jgs. He oppressed Israel in the days preceding the victory of Deborah and Barak. To the Israelites he must have been but a shadowy figure as compared with his powerful captain, Sisera, for the song makes no mention of him and there is nothing to indicate that…
Jabin
Discerner; the wise. (1.) A king of Hazor, at the time of the entrance of Israel into Canaan (Josh. 11:1-14), whose overthrow and that of the northern chief with whom he had entered into a confederacy against Joshua was the crowning act in the conquest of the land (11:21-23; comp. 14:6-15). This great battle, fought at Lake Merom, was the last of Joshua’s battles of which we have any record. Here for the first time the Israelites encountered the iron chariots and horses of the Canaanites.
(2.) Another king of Hazor, called “the king of Canaan,” who overpowered the Israelites of the north one hundred and sixty years after Joshua’s death, and for twenty years held them in painful subjection. The whole population were paralyzed with fear, and gave way to hopeless despondency (Judg.…
(whom God observes). King of Hazor, who organized a confederacy of the northern princes against the Israelites. (Joshua 11:1-3) Joshua surprised the allied forces by the waters of Merom, ver. 7, and utterly routed them. (B.C. 1448.) During the ensuing wars Joshua again attacked Jabin, and burnt his city. (Joshua 11:1-14) A king of Hazor, whose general, Sisera, was defeated by Barak. (Judges 4:2,13) (B.C. 1316.)
1. A powerful king in the time of Joshua, at Hazor in the north of Canaan. The league which he organized to crush Joshua, only made his own ruin more complete, Jos 11:1-23 B. C. 1450.
2. Another king of Hazor, a century and a half later, who sorely oppressed Israel for twenty years, till Deborah and Barak were raised up as deliverers, Jud 4:1-24 Ps 83:9.
נַ֫חַל (*nachal*) primarily refers to a torrent or stream, often associated with a valley or wadi where water flows, particularly in winter. It can also denote a shaft of a mine. Additionally, the term may relate to palm trees in certain contexts. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, including references in Psalms and Ezekiel.
נַ֫חַל n.m. torrent, torrent-valley, wady
base
[נַ֫חַל] n.[m.] perh. palm-tree;—only pl. abs., Nu 24:6
ref
H5158a נַ֫חַל torrent, torrent-valley, wady H5158b נַ֫חַל perh. palm-tree
5158 nachal nakh'-al
or (feminine) nachlah (Psalm 124:4) {nakh'-law}; or nachalah
(Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28) {nakh-al-aw'}; from 5157 in its
original sense; a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by
implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a
shaft (of a mine):--brook, flood, river, stream, valley.
see HEBREW for 05157
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — torrent: river.
: river/bed
1) torrent, valley, wadi, torrent-valley
1a) torrent
1b) torrent-valley, wadi (as stream bed)
1c) shaft (of mine)
Also means: na.chal (נַ֫חַל ": valley" H5158N)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — palm-tree.
palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Eshcol) Valley.
Combined with esh.kol (אֶשְׁכֹּל " of Eshcol" H0812H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Shittim) Valley.
Combined with shit.tim (שִׁטִּים " of Shittim" H7851H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Sorek) Valley.
Combined with s.vo.req (שֹׂרֵק " of Sorek" H7796)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קִישׁוֹן (Qiyshown) refers to the Kishon River in central Palestine, noted for its winding nature. It is significant in biblical history, being the site of the defeat of Sisera and the destruction of the prophets of Baal by Elijah. The word is derived from a root meaning 'winding' and is linked to Strong's H6983.
קִישׁוֹן n.pr. of wady running NW. through plain of Megiddo (Esdraelon)
base
H7028 קִישׁוֹן
7028 Qiyshown kee-shone'
from 6983; winding; Kishon, a river of Palestine:--Kishon,
Kison.
see HEBREW for 06983
קִישׁוֹן (qi.shon) — Kishon.
§ Kishon = "winding"
a river in central Palestine; scene of the defeat of Sisera by the Israelites in the time of the judges and the destruction of the prophets of Baal by Elijah
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
ki'-shon, kish'on (qishon; Keison): The "watercourse" or "torrent stream" along the banks of which the great battle was fought between Israel, led by Deborah and Barak, and the army of Sisera, in the waters of which so many perished (Jud 4:7, etc.). It is probably mentioned earlier as "the brook that is before Jokneam" (Jos 19:11; see JOKNEAM). It appears again as the scene of Elijah's slaughter of the prophets of Baal (1Ki 18:40). "The torrent" paragraph excellence in the district is the modern el-MuqaTTa`, a stream which drains all the plain of Esdraelon to the West of the watershed--a line drawn from Iksal to Nain, and thence to el-Fuleh and Zer`in. All the water East of this line, from the Nazareth hills, Tabor and Little…
Kishon
Winding, a winter torrent of Central Palestine, which rises about the roots of Tabor and Gilboa, and passing in a northerly direction through the plains of Esdraelon and Acre, falls into the Mediterranean at the north-eastern corner of the bay of Acre, at the foot of Carmel. It is the drain by which the waters of the plain of Esdraelon and of the mountains that surround it find their way to the sea. It bears the modern name of Nahr el-Mokattah, i.e., “the river of slaughter” (comp. 1 Kings 18:40). In the triumphal song of Deborah (Judg. 5:21) it is spoken of as “that ancient river,” either (1) because it had flowed on for ages, or (2), according to the Targum, because it was “the torrent in which were shown signs and wonders to Israel of old;” or (3) probably the reference…
(winding), The river, a torrent or winter stream of central Palestine, the scene of two of the grandest achievements of Israelitish history --the defeat of Sisera, Judges 4, and the destruction of the prophets of Baal by Elijah. (1 Kings 18:40) The Nahr Mukutta , the modern representative of the Kishon, is the drain by which the waters of the plain of Esdraelon and of the mountains which enclose that plain find their way through the plain of Acre to the Mediterranean. The part of the Kishon at which the prophets of Baal were slaughtered by Elijah was doubtless close below the spot on Carmel where the sacrifice had taken place.
Now the Mukutta, a brook that rises in the plain of Esdraelon, near the foot of mount Tabor. After passing through the great plain and receiving the waters of various smaller streams, it flows along the foot of mount Carmel, and discharges itself into the Carmel ridge, see CARMEL 2, make it a perennial stream for about seven miles from its mouth. But all the eastern part of its channel, now that the great plain of its channel, now that the great plain through which it flows is unwooded, it dry throughout the summer season; and yet, in the winter, and after heavy rains, it swells to a full and rapid torrent. The drowning of Sisera’s host, Jud 4:13 5:21, is paralleled by a similar destruction of Arabs fleeing from the French after the battle of mount Tabor, April 8, 1799.