Psalms 89:51 — Word Study
WLCאֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵרְפ֖וּ אוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ׀ יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ עִקְּב֥וֹת מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃
BSAto rememberzâkar LordʼĂdônây [Adonay, Master] reproachcherpâh servant/slaveʻebed to liftnâsâʼ bosomchêyq allkôl manyrab Amawʻam
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר | which | Particle |
| חֵרְפ֖וּ | they have reproached | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| אוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ׀ | enemies your | Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common, suffix |
| יְהוָ֑ה | O Yahweh | Noun proper |
| אֲשֶׁ֥ר | which | Particle |
| חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ | they have reproached | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| עִקְּב֥וֹת | [the] footprints of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ | anointed your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | how Your enemies have taunted, O LORD, and have mocked every step of Your anointed one! |
| KJV | Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed. |
| ASV | Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Jehovah, Wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed. |
| YLT | Wherewith Thine enemies reproached, O Jehovah, Wherewith they have reproached The steps of Thine anointed. |
| WEB | With which your enemies have mocked, Yahweh, with which they have mocked the footsteps of your anointed one. |
| BBE | The bitter words of your haters, O Lord, shaming the footsteps of your king. |
Where they part company is חֵרְפ֖וּ — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is supported by two phrases that elaborate on the subject and the action, clearly outlining the taunting directed at God's chosen.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 89:51
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament Over Reproachgenerated
Psalms 89:51 expresses the psalmist's sorrow over the taunts and mockery directed at the LORD and His anointed one. This lament highlights the tension between divine promise and the reality of opposition faced by God's chosen leader. The surrounding verses further emphasize the psalmist's plea for remembrance of God's faithfulness amidst adversity.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Matthew 5:10–12 | Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. |
| 2 | Acts 5:41 | The apostles left the Sanhedrin, rejoicing that they had been counted worthy of suffering disgrace for the Name. |
| 3 | 1 Corinthians 4:12–13 | We work hard with our own hands. When we are vilified, we bless; when we are persecuted, we endure it; |
| 4 | Hebrews 10:33 | Sometimes you were publicly exposed to ridicule and persecution; at other times you were partners with those who were so treated. |
| 5 | Hebrews 11:36 | Still others endured mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֵרְפ֖וּ, che.re.Fugenerated
The verb חָרַף (charaph) is a Piel form meaning 'to taunt' or 'to reproach.' It indicates an action of scorn directed at someone, highlighting the intensity of the mockery faced. This form is used to express a strong, active reproach, emphasizing the adversarial relationship between the enemies and the anointed one.
The use of this verb in the context of the psalm demonstrates the emotional weight of the psalmist's complaint, as it conveys not just a simple insult but a deliberate attempt to undermine the dignity and authority of the LORD's chosen.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around the finite verb חֵרְפ֖וּ, they have taunted, which serves as the main action. The sentence is built with a subject phrase identifying the enemies and an object phrase detailing the target of their mockery, creating a clear depiction of the conflict.
The flow of the verse emphasizes the direct address to the LORD, marking a personal plea amidst the broader lament. The arrangement of the phrases highlights the psalmist's focus on the actions of the enemies and their implications for God's anointed.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word חֵרְפ֖וּ is rendered as βλασφημούντων, which means 'blaspheming.' This choice indicates a broader interpretation of the mocking as not only taunting but also as an affront to God's honor.
This translation reflects the translators' understanding of the severity of the reproach, suggesting that the enemies are not merely mocking but are also defaming the name of the LORD.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 89:51 expresses the psalmist's sorrow over how the enemies of the LORD have mocked His anointed one. The verse highlights the pain of reproach faced by God's chosen leader and serves as a reminder of the challenges that come with divine calling.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies a direct challenge to God's authority and a demonstration of hostility towards His chosen leader.
The psalmist seeks to remind God of the reproach faced by His anointed one and calls for divine intervention.
The mention of the 'anointed one' connects to the idea of the Messiah, who is often seen as God's chosen leader facing opposition.
We can learn the importance of bringing our struggles and the challenges faced by God's leaders to the LORD in prayer.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond to mockery or opposition in my own life?
- In what ways can I support those who are facing challenges as leaders or representatives of God?
- What does it mean to me that God has chosen leaders, and how do I view their struggles?
- How can I bring my concerns about injustice to God in prayer?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers, like Augustine of Hippo, referenced this verse to discuss the reproach faced by both Jews and Gentiles against the LORD.
"Wherewith Your enemies have blasphemed You, O Lord" [Psalms 89:51], both Jews and Pagans.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 89 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 89:51 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Lord,.... Which carries in it another argument why the Lord should take notice of these reproaches; because they come not only from their enemies, but from
Read John Gill on Psalms 89 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHow long, LORD? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? shall thy wrath burn like fire?
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 89 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOr, of thy Messiah; by whom he seems to understand either, first, the kings of Judah, the singular number being put for the plural; and by their footsteps may be meant either their ways or actions, and the sad consequences thereof; or the traces or memorials of their ancient splendour and dominion, wherewith they now upbraid them: or rather, secondly, the Messiah, most properly and eminently so called; of whom not only many Christians, but the Chaldee paraphrast and the Hebrew doctors, understand this place. And this suits very well, both with the singular number here used, which points at one particular and eminent person anointed by God to be the king of his people, and with the matter…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 89 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 89:51 Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.Ver. 51. The footsteps of thine anointed] Heb. The heels or soles of the foot, that is, his doings and sufferings. The Chaldee and others render it, tarditares, moras Christi tui, the delays of thy Christ in coming, whom, therefore, they taunt us with, velut tardigradum vel loripedem et claudum, and say, Where is the promised Messiah?
Read John Trapp on Psalms 89 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(51) Footsteps . . .—Every step taken by Israel was the subject of reproach. Rabbinical writers connect the verse with the delay of the Messiah, since it brings reproach on those who wait for him in vain.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 89 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 51. They have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.] They search into the whole history of thy people; they trace it up to the earliest times; and they find we have been disobedient and rebellious; and on this account we suffer much, alas, deserved reproach. The Chaldee gives this clause a singular turn: "Thy enemies have reproached the slowness of the footsteps of the feet of thy Messiah, O Lord. We have trusted in him as our great Deliverer, and have been daily in expectation of his coming: but there is no deliverer, and our enemies mock our confidence." This expectation seems now wholly abandoned by the Jews: they have rejected the true Messiah, and the ground of their…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 89 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges51. Cp. Psalms 79:12, of which Psalms 89:50 is also a partial reminiscence. the footsteps of thine anointed] They are like a rabble hooting and insulting him wherever he goes. Cp. Psalms 17:11; Jeremiah 12:6 (R.V.). May not the phrase have been suggested by the recollection of actual insults offered to the discrowned Jehoiachin as he was led through the streets of Babylon in the conqueror’s triumph? Insults offered to the king are insults at once to Jehovah and to the people whose representative he was. The Targum interprets the words of the delay of Messiah’s Advent. “For thine enemies reproach, O Lord, they reproach the slowness of the footsteps of Thine Anointed.”
Read Cambridge on Psalms 89 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Lord - Have reproached thee and me. Wherewith they reproach thy character and cause, and reproach me for having trusted to promises which seem not to be fulfilled.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 89 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
how Your enemies have taunted, O LORD, and have mocked every step of Your anointed one!
With which your enemies have mocked, Yahweh, with which they have mocked the footsteps of your anointed one.
how Your enemies have taunted, O LORD, and have mocked every step of Your anointed one!
Your enemies, O Lord, hurl insults; they insult your chosen king as they dog his footsteps.
Tyndale line
Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Jehovah, Wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD, wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
With which thy enemies have reproached, O LORD; with which they have reproached the footsteps of thy anointed
For thine enemies haue reproched thee, O Lord, because they haue reproched the footesteps of thine Anointed.
Strictly literal
Wherewith thine enemies, O Jehovah, have reproached, wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
Wherewith Thine enemies reproached, O Jehovah, Wherewith they have reproached The steps of Thine anointed.
With which Your enemies reproached, O YHWH, || With which they have reproached || The steps of Your anointed.
(89:52) That thy enemies have defied, O Lord; that they have defied the footsteps of thy anointed.
Your enemies hurl insults, Yahweh; they mock the footsteps of your anointed one.
Simplified
Your enemies taunt me, Lord, mocking your king wherever he goes.
The bitter words of your haters, O Lord, shaming the footsteps of your king.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text provides a clear reading of the verse, while the Septuagint matches six of the eight words, indicating a strong correspondence between the two. The Dead Sea Scrolls present partial restoration, showing some agreement with the Masoretic Text but also indicating damage and editorial additions.
אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵרְפ֖וּ אוֹיְבֶ֥יךָ׀ יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵ֝רְפ֗וּ עִקְּב֥וֹת מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
זכור אדוני חרפת [עבדי׳כה] [שאת׳י] [בחיק׳י] [כול] [רבים] [עמים]
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 89:51
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
The Hebrew word חָרַף (charaph) has a range of meanings including to reproach, taunt, and defame, as well as to remain in harvest time and to acquire. It is built from a primitive root and can be used in various forms, such as Qal and Piel. Notably, it appears in Isaiah 18:6 and Leviticus 19:20.
H2778a [חָרַף] reproach H2778b חָרַף vb. denom. remain in harvest time H2778c חָרַף acquire
2778 charaph. khaw-raf'
a primitive root; to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to
expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a
surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame;
denominative (from 2779) to spend the winter:--betroth,
blaspheme, defy, jeopard, rail, reproach, upbraid.
see HEBREW for 02779
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to taunt.
1) to reproach, taunt, blaspheme, defy, jeopardise, rail, upbraid
1a) (Qal) to reproach
1b) (Piel) to reproach, defy, taunt
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to winter.
(Qal) to winter, spend harvest time, remain in harvest time
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to acquire.
(Niphal) to acquire, be betrothed
HVpp3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.
[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
base
H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)
341 'oyeb o-yabe'
or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;
hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.
see HEBREW for 0340
אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.
1) (Qal) enemy
1a) personal
1b) national
HVqrmpc/Sp2ms — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffixHVqrmpc/Sp2ms
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
HNpt — Noun properHNpt
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
The Hebrew word חָרַף (charaph) has a range of meanings including to reproach, taunt, and defame, as well as to remain in harvest time and to acquire. It is built from a primitive root and can be used in various forms, such as Qal and Piel. Notably, it appears in Isaiah 18:6 and Leviticus 19:20.
H2778a [חָרַף] reproach H2778b חָרַף vb. denom. remain in harvest time H2778c חָרַף acquire
2778 charaph. khaw-raf'
a primitive root; to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to
expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a
surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame;
denominative (from 2779) to spend the winter:--betroth,
blaspheme, defy, jeopard, rail, reproach, upbraid.
see HEBREW for 02779
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to taunt.
1) to reproach, taunt, blaspheme, defy, jeopardise, rail, upbraid
1a) (Qal) to reproach
1b) (Piel) to reproach, defy, taunt
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to winter.
(Qal) to winter, spend harvest time, remain in harvest time
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to acquire.
(Niphal) to acquire, be betrothed
HVpp3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
עָקֵב (‘aqeb) refers to a heel, footprint, or the rear part of something, such as a troop. It can denote a physical heel or a figurative rear, like the back of an army. The word is built from the root related to the concept of hindrance or following, and it appears in contexts that involve tracking or footsteps.
עָקֵב n.m. heel, footprint, hinder-part
base
H6119 עָקֵב heel, footprint, hinder-part
6119 `aqeb aw-kabe'
or (feminine) hiqqbah {ik-keb-aw'}; from 6117; a heel (as
protuberant); hence, a track; figuratively, the rear (of an
army):--heel, (horse-)hoof, last, lier in wait (by mistake
for 6120), (foot- )step.
see HEBREW for 06117
see HEBREW for 06120
עָקֵב (a.qev) — heel.
1) heel, rear, footprint, hinder part, hoof, rear of a troop, footstep
1a) heel
1b) mark of heel, footprint
1c) hinder part, rear
HNcfpc — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מָשִׁיחַ (mashiyach) means 'anointed' and refers to a consecrated person, such as a king, priest, or saint. It specifically denotes the Messiah and includes figures like the king of Israel, the high priest, and even Cyrus. The term encompasses various anointed roles in the Old Testament.
מָשִׁיחַ n.m. anointed
king of Israel anointed by divine command
high priest of Israel
Cyrus as commissioned by י׳
Messianic prince
patriarchs, regarded as anointed kings
base
H4899 מָשִׁיחַ anointed
4899 mashiyach maw-shee'-akh
from 4886; anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king,
priest, or saint); specifically, the Messiah:--anointed,
Messiah.
see HEBREW for 04886
מָשִׁיחַ (ma.shi.ach) — anointed.
1) anointed, anointed one
1a) of the Messiah, Messianic prince
1b) of the king of Israel
1c) of the high priest of Israel
1d) of Cyrus
1e) of the patriarchs as anointed kings
HNcmsc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms