Have you ever wondered why our compass has 360 degrees? Or
why clocks are divided into 12 hours, with 60 minutes to an
hour? Actually, the "counting by sixties" system (called
sexagesimal) came from ancient Mesopotamia. But, according to
Wycliffe's senior statesman/scholar, Dr. Richard Pittman, the
system had a very common and explainable origin. In fact, the
method of counting by sixties is still in use in parts of
Southeast Asia.
Dr. Pittman, one of Wycliffe's specialists in linguistics, helped
to create the Alphabet Museum at the JAARS Center in Waxhaw, NC. His
theory on the origin of this unique system is as follows. The ancient
Mesopotamian man would, using his right thumb as a counter, touch each
joint of each finger of his right hand in turn, with the tip of his
thumb, counting as he did. (Try it yourself as you read this. With
your right thumb touch the three joints of your index finger
--counting as you go. Then move to your middle finger, etc.
By the time he finished he had counted 12 joints on his right hand.
Then, moving to his left hand he let each finger count for 12. He
would fold down his fingers as he counted, making a fist. By the time
he got to his thumb he had counted to 60 in multiples of 12. (Go
ahead, try it. Your index finger on your left hand is 12. Your
middle finger is 24. Your ringer finger is 36. Your little finger is
48. Your thumb makes 60).
Having counted up to sixty on his fingers, the Mesopotamian would
then move to the joints of his arms. This time each joint would count
for 60. His left wrist would be 60. His left elbow 120, his left
shoulder 180, his right shoulder 240, his right elbow 300, and
his right wrist 360. By being able to distinguish his right from
his left, each joint of his body would have certain consistent
numerical value. That is, his left shoulder would always be 180. His
middle knuckle on his right hand would always be 5. The little finger
on his left hand would always be 48. Fascinating!
Dr. Pittman says it was probably this counting procedure which led
to the widespread current division of circles into 360 degrees, hours
into 60 minutes, minutes into 60 seconds, feet into 12 inches, and in
earlier times, years into 360 days.
Knowing this helps us understand what God meant when he told Jonah
that he pities the city of Nineveh "in which there are more than
120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left"
(\reference{Jonah 4:11}{Jonah 4:11}). By that we conclude they were
illiterate and/or unskilled in arithmetic because they didn't know how
to count.