γινώσκω (Attic γιγνώσκω, see γίνομαι init.; fr. TNOQ, as βιβρώσκω fr. BPOQ); [impf. ἐγίνωσκον); fut. γνώσομαι ; 2 aor. ἔγνων (fr. TNQMI), impv. γνῶθι, γνώτω, subj. γνῶ (3 pers. sing. γνοῖ, Mk. v. 43; ix. 30; Lk. xix.15 LT Tr WH, for RG γνῷ [B. p. 46 (40); cf. δίδωμε init.]), inf. γνῶναι, ptep. γνούς ; pf. ἔγνωκα (Jn. xvii. 7; 3 pers. plur. ἔγνωκαν for ἐγνώκασι, see reff. in γίνομαι init.); plpf. ἐγνώκειν ; Pass., [pres. 3 pers. sing. γινώσκεται (Mk. xiii. 23 Trmrg.)]; pf. ἔγνωσμαι ; 1 aor. ἐγνώσθην ; fut. γνωσθήgona; in Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down; Sept. for yp; Lat. nosco, novi (i. 6. gnosco, gnovi) ; I. univ. 1. to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of; pass. to become known: with ace., Mt. xxii. 18; Mk. v.43; Actsxxi. 34; 1 Co. iv. 19; 2 Co.ii.4; Col. iv. 8; 1 Th. iii. 5,etc. Pass., Mt. x. 26; Acts ix. 24; Phil. iv. 5, ete.; [impers. γινώσκεται, Mk. xiii. 28 Trmrg.T 2, 7]; τὶ ἔκ τινος, Mt. xii. 33; Lk. vi. 44; 1 Jn. iv. 6; τινὰ or ri ἕν τινι; to find a sign ina thing by which to know, to recognize in or by something, Lk. xxiv. 35; Jn. xiii. 35; 1 Jn. iv. 2; κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο, the truth of this promise, Lk. i. 18 (Gen. xv. 8) ; περὶ τῆς διδαχῆς, Jn. vii. 17. often the object is not added, but is readily understood from what precedes: Mt. ix. 30; xii. 15 (the consultation held by the Pharisees) ; Mk. vii. 24 (he would have no one know that he was present); Mk. ix. 30; Ro. x. 19, ete.; foll. by ὅτι, Mt. xxi. 45; Jn.iv.1; v. 6; xii. 9, ete.; foll. by the interrog. ri, Mt. vi. 3; Lk. xvi. 4; ἀπό τινος, to learn from one, Mk. xv. 45. with ace. of pers. to recognize as worthy of intimacy and love, to own; so those whom God has judged worthy of the blessings of the gospel are said ὑπὸ τοῦ θευῦ γινώσκεσθαι. 1 Co. viii. 3; Gal. iv. 9, [on both cf. W. § 39, 3 Note 2; B. 55 (48)]; negatively, in the sentence of Christ οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς, I never knew you, never had any acquaintance with you, Mt. vii. 23. 10 perceive, feel : ἔγνω τῷ σώματι, ὅτι etc. Nik. ν. 29; ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν an’ ἐμοῦ, Lk. viii. 46. 2. to know, understand, perceive, have knowledge of; a. to understand : with ace., τὰ λεγόμενα, Lk. xviii. 34; ἃ ἀναγινώσκεις, Acts viii. 30; foll. by ὅτι, Mt. xxi. 45; Jn. viii. 27 sq.; 2 Co. xiii. 6; Gal.iii. 7; Jas. ii. 20; foll. by interrog, τί, Jn. x. 6; xiii. 12, 28; ὃ κατεργάζομαι ov γινώσκω I do not understand what I am doing, my conduct is inexplicable to me, Ro. vii. 15. Ὅ. to know: τὸ θέλημα, Lk. xii. 47; τὰς καρδίας, Lk. xvi. 15 ; τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ignorant of sin, i. 6. not conscious of having committed it, 2 Co. v. 21; ἐπιστολὴ γινωσκομένη καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένη, 2 Co. iii. 2; τινά, to know one, his person, character, mind, plans: Jn. i. 48 (49); ii. 24; Acts xix. 15; 2 Tim. ii. 19 (fr. Num. xvi. 5); foll. by ὅτε, Jn. xxi. 17; Phil. i. 12; Jas. i. 3; 2 Pet. i. 20; foll. by ace. with inf. Heb. x. 34; foll. by an indirect question, Rey. iii. 3; ἑλληνιστὶ ywaor. to know Greek (graece scire, Cic. de fin. 2, 5): Acts xxi. 37, (ἐπίστασθαι συριστί, Xen. Cyr. 7,5, 81; graece nescire, Cie. pro Flac. 4, 10); ἴστε (Ree. ἐστε) γινώσκοντες ye know, understanding etc. [R. V. ye know of a surety, ete.], Eph. v. 5; see W. 355 (333) ; [ef. B. 51 (44); 314 (269)]. impv. γινώσκετε know ye: Mt. xxiv. 32 sq. 43; Mk. xiii. 29; Lk. x. 11; Jn. xv.18; Acts ii. 36; Heb. xiii. 23; 1 ὅπ. ii. 29. 3. by a Hebraistic euphemism [ef. W. 18], found also in Grk. writ. fr. the Alexandrian age down, γινώσκω is used of the carnal connection of male and female, rem cum aliquo or aliqua habere (cf. our have a [criminal] intimacy with): of a husband, Mt. i. 25; of the woman, Lk. i. 34; (Gen. iv. 1, 17; xix. 8; 1 S. i. 19, ete.; Judith xvi. 22; Callim. epigr. 58,3; often in Plut.; ef. Végelin, Plut. Brut. p. 10 sqq.; so also Lat. cognosco, Ovid. met. 4, 596; novi, Justin. hist. 27, 3, 11). II. In particular γινώσκω, to become acquainted with, to know, is employed in the N. T. of the knowledge of God and Christ, and of the things relating to them or proceeding from them; a. τὸν θεόν, the one, true God, in contrast with the polytheism of the Gentiles: Ro. i. 21; Gal. iv. 9; also τὸν μόνον ἀληθινὸν θεόν. Jn. xvii. 3 cf. 1 Jn. v. 20; τὸν θεόν, the nature and will of God, in contrast with the false wisdom of both Jews and Gentiles, 1 Co. i. 21; τὸν πατέρα, the nature of God the Father, esp. the holy will and affection by which he aims to sanctify and redeem men through Christ, Jn. viii. 55; xvi. 3; 1 Jn. ii. 3 sq. 14 (13); iii. 1, 6; iv. 8; a peculiar knowledge of God the Father is claimed by Christ for himself, Jn. x. 15; xvii. 25; γνῶθι τὸν κύριον, the precepts of the Lord, Heb. viii. 11; τὸ θέλημα (of God), Ro. ii. 18; νοῦν κυρίου, Ro. xi. 34; 1 Co. ii. 16; τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ

γινώσκω ginōskō 222x

to know, whether the action be inceptive or complete and settled; to perceive, Mt. 22:18; Mk. 5:29; 8:17; 12:12; Lk. 8:46; to mark, discern, Mt. 25:24; Lk. 19:44; to ascertain by examination, Mk. 6:38; Jn. 7:51; Acts 23:28; to understand, Mk. 4:13; Lk. 18:34; Jn. 12:16; 13:7; Acts 8:30; 1 Cor. 14:7, 9; to acknowledge, Mt. 7:23; 2 Cor. 3:2; to resolve, conclude, Lk. 16:4; Jn. 7:26; 17:8; to be assured, Lk. 21:20; Jn. 6:69; 8:52; 2 Pet. 1:20; to be skilled, to be master of a thing, Mt. 16:3; Acts 21:37; to know carnally, Mt. 1:25; Lk. 1:34; from the Hebrew, to view with favor, 1 Cor. 8:3; Gal. 4:9

γινώσκω (= γιγν-: v. previous word. So also vulgar Attic, in Inscr., v. Thumb, MGV, 207),

[in LXX chiefly for ידע ;]

to be taking in knowledge, come to know, recognize, perceive, understand; in past tenses to know, realize; pass., to become known: c. acc., Mt 22:18, Mk 5:43, Col 4:8, I Th 3:5, al. Pass., Mt 10:26, Phl 4:5, al.; seq. ὅτι, Mt 21:45, Jo 4:1, al.; τί, Mt 6:3; ἀπό, Mk 15:45; ὅ, Ro 7:15; τ. λεγόμενα, Lk 18:34; τ. θέλημα, Lk 12:47; τ. καρδίας, Lk 16:15; c acc. pers., of recognition by God, I Co 8:3, Ga 4:9; by Christ, neg., Mt 7:23; freq. of the knowledge of divine things, of God and Christ; τ. θεόν, Ro 1:21 Ga 4:9; τ. πατέρα, Jo 8:55; τ. κύριον, He 8:1 (LXX); νοῦν κυρίου, Ro 11:34; Χριστόν, Jo 17:3, I Jo 3:6; τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, I Co 2:14; τ. πνεύμα, I Jo 4:6; τ. ἀλήθειαν, Jo 8:32; of Christ's knowledge of the Father (ἐπιγ.), Mt 11:27 (Dalman, Words, 282ff.). In Hellenistic writers [LXX for Heb. ידע, Ga 4:1, al.], of sexual intercourse, to know carnally: Mt 1:25, Lk 1:34 (Cremer, 153).

SYN.: γ., to know by observation and experience is thus prop. disting. from οἶδα, to know by reflection (a mental process, based on intuition or information); cf. also ἐφίστημι, συνίημι. (Cf. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, προ-γινώσκω.)

γινώσκω. For γ. followed by ὅτι, see P Par 471} (6. B.C. 153) (= Selecttons, p. 22) γίνωσ (Δ. γίνωσκε) ὅτι πιράσεται ὃ δραπέϊτη)ς μὴ ἀφῖναι ἡμᾶς ἐϊ πὶ τ]ῶν τόπων ἵναι, ‘know that the runaway will try not to allow us to remain on the spot,” 26. 4958 (B.C. 164-58) γίνωσκε σαφῶς ὅτι, ἐὰν ἀναβῶ κἀγὼ προσκυνῆσαι, πρός σε οὐ μ[ὴ] ἐπέλθω. In 2. 32° (B.C. 162) γινώσκετε. .. μὴ ἐσχολαζκέν]αι pe, we have the acc. and inf.: so 7. 444 (B.C. 153) γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς κτλ. For the commen epistolary phrase γινώσκειν σε θέλω ὅτι, see P Oxy IV. 743%7 (B.C. 2) ὥστ᾽ ἂν τοῦτό σε θέλω γεινώσκειν, ὅτι ἐγὼ αὐτῶι διαστολὰς δεδώκειν, BGU III. 8465 (11,Α.1».} γεινώσκειν σαι θέλω, ὅτι οὐχ [ἥλπ]ιζον, ὅτι ἀναβένις εἰς τὴν μητρόπολιν, “1 wish you to know that Thad no hope that you would come up to the metropolis,” 2. I. 274 (ii/A.D.) γινώσκειν oe θέλω ὅτει εἰς γῆν ἐλήλυθα τῇ ς τοῦ Errelp μηνός, “1 wish you to know that I arrived at land on the 6% of the month Epeiph,” P Grenf II. 73° (late iii/A.p.), P Lond 4175 (c. A.D. 346) (=II. p. 299), P Giss I. 114 (a.p. 118), P Lond 9736? (iii/a.p.) (= III. p- 213), α΄ It will be noticed that the phrase does not come into regular use till early ii/A.p., which accounts for the NT showing a phrase (οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν in Paul) with the same meaning but with form not yet crystallized. On the progressive displacement of the old participial object clause after γινώσκειν and other verbs of ‘* knowing,” see Proleg, p. 229. To the instances of γινώσκειν with partic. add P Oxy VIII. 11187 (i/ii a.p.) ὅπ]ως . . . γεινώσκωσι ἐμβαδεύσονϊ τά ple εἰς τὰ ὑπ[ο]τεθειμένα Kal καθέξονίτα kr. (other future participles), ‘‘ that they may know that I shall enter on the mortgaged property,” etc. (Ed.). Grimm’s ‘‘Hebraistic euphemism” in Mt 1°° 15. rather surprising when chronicled in the same breath with ‘‘ Grk writ. fr. the Alexandrian age down”: coincidence of idiom between two entirely different languages is common enough. This use is found earliest in Menander: see this and other references in B. D. Durham, Vocabulary of Menander (Princeton, 1913), p. 51. Some miscellaneous uses may be noted. P Tebt II. 27g (B.C. 231), a contract for the engagement of a nurse, : γλυκύς ends ἔγνωκεν Σποννῆσις “Ὥρου Φανήσει Νεχθύριος. The editors translate ‘‘made (Ὁ) between Sponnesis, daughter of Horus, and Phanesis, son of Nechthuris,” but regard ἔγνωκεν as ‘“‘very difficult.” In the same collection, 289° (A.p. 23), we find a strategus, in demanding from a subordinate a supplementary report of tax-payments, writing οὕτως yap γνώσομαι πότερον ἐπὶ τόπων σε ἐάσω πράττοντά τι, ‘for I shall thus know whether I shall leave you in employment where you are” (Edd.). In the passive we may quote P Oxy Ν. 1252 τε» σοῦ (Α. Ὁ. 288-95) γνωσθέντα ὀφείλειν λοιπὸν μῆνα τῆς εὐθηϊνιαρχείας, “‘from whom, it was ascertained, a month more of his superintendence of provision was due” (Edd.), P Giss I. 48° (A.D. 202-3) ἐγνώσθη τὰ κατὰ χρόνους δοθέντα ἐπιθέματα. . . παρεγράφη: we may suppose the writer was meaning to finish with a participle, and so did not insert ὅτι after ἐγνώσθη. The perfect passive appears in the (classical) sense “ determined” in Sy// 92984 (B.C. 139?) ἐγνωσμένων τῶν καθόλου πραγμάτων ὑπὸ Ρωμαίων. For the forms of the verb, see Pro/eg. pp. 55, 193. The older Attic γιγνώσκω occurs fairly often in the new uncial W, and in Atticising documents among papyri and inscrr., as does γίγνομαι. For the aor. subj. yvot, cf. P Oxy VL. 9325 (late ii/A.p.) ἵνα émvyvois, 74. VII. 1062!f (ii/a.p.) ἵνα αὐτὴν avayvois νήφων καὶ σαυτοῦ katayvois, P Giss I. 7giiS (c. A.D. 117) ἵν᾿ ἐπιγνοῖ σε σπουδά[σαι, and from new literature, P Oxy III. 413159. (ii/A.D.—a mime) νῦν τοῦ yépovt(os) ἐνκρατὴς θέλω yevéo(Bar) πρίν τι τούτ(ων) ἐπιγνοῖ.

γινώσκω (ginōskō) — to know. Included with: γιγνώσκω, Doric dialect [Refs 5th c.BC+], Aeolic dialect, Ionic dialect, and after [Refs 4th c.BC+] γινώσκω, but γιγνώσκω in early Attic dialect Inscrr., as [Refs] (κατα-), etc.: future γνώσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular γνωσεῖται [Refs] is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Cretan dialect form ἀνα-γνώοντι uncertain in [Refs]: perfect ἔγνωκα [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist 2 ἔγνων [Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect dual γνώτην [Refs 8th c.BC+], Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔγνον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; subjunctive γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect also γνώω, γνώομεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; infinitive γνῶναι [Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect γνώμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle γνούς [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, aorist 1 γνώσασθαι [Refs 4th c.AD+]:—passive, future γνωσθήσομαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐγνώσθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἔγνωσμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— come to know, perceive, and in past tenses, know, with accusative, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; as distinct from οἶδα know by reflection, γιγνώσκω, = know by observation, γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή it is hard to perceive whether one knows or not, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; discern, distinguish, recognize, ὄφρ᾽ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ironically, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται he will learn him to his cost,[Refs 3rd c.BC+] were aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]

2. followed by relative clauses, γιγνώσκω δ᾽ ὡς.. I perceive that..,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; γ. ὅτι.. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἵν᾽ εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι.. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι.. [Refs]participle, ἔγνων μιν.. οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, [Refs 5th c.BC+] when he was aware of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with infinitive, ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with accusative et infinitive, recognize that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; take a thing to mean that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with double accusative, perceive or know another to be.., οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [Refs 5th c.BC+] the perceiver, opposed to τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα the objects perceived, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὁ γ. one who knows, a prudent person, [Refs]:—passive, εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ.. if it were known of them in what.., [Refs]

II. form a judgement, think, ταὐτά [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν (={τὴν γνώμην λ}.) [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+] see thou to that, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔγνως you are right, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔγνωκα; Latin tenes? [Refs 4th c.BC+]; judge, determine, decree that.., with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, determine to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— passive, to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgement, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. passive, of persons, to be judged guilty, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II.3. perfect passive with active sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are determined, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

III. know carnally, [NT+4th c.BC+]

IV. γ. χάριν, ={εἰδέναι χάριν}, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __B causal, make known, celebrate, γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον [Refs 5th c.BC+], cf. Sanskrit jānāmi, jñātas, Latin gnosco, gnotus, etc.)