γίνομαι (in Ionic prose writ.and in com. Grk. fr. Aristot. on for Attic γίγνομαι) ; [impf. ἐγινόμην ; fut. γενήσομαι ; 2 aor. ἐγενόμην (often in 3 pers. sing. optat. γένοιτο ; [ptep. yevapevos, Lk. xxiv. 22 Tdf. ed. 7]), and, with no diff. in signif., 1 aor. pass. ἐγενήθην, rejected by the Atticists (cf. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 108 sq.; [Thom. Mag. ed. Ritschl p. 75, 6 sq.]), not rare in later Grk., common in Sept. (Acts iv. 4; 1 Th. ii. 14; 1 Co. xv. 10, etc.), impv. γενηθήτω (Mt. vi. 10; xv. 28, ete.) ; pf. γεγένημαι and γέγονα, 3 pers. plur. γέγοναν L T Tr WH in Ro. xvi. 7 and Rey. xxi. 6 (cf. [Tdf. Proleg. p. 124; WH. App. p. 166; Soph. Lex. p. 37 sq.; Curtius, Das Verbum, ii. 187]; W. 36 and 76 (73) sq-; Mullach p. 16; B. 43 (37 sq.)), [ptep. γεγονώς] ; plpf. 3 pers. sing. ἐγεγόνει (Jn. vi. 17 [not Tdf.];. Acts iv. 22 [where L T Tr WH γεγόνει, cf. W. § 12, 9; B. 33 (29); Tdf.’s note on the pass.]); to become, and 1. to become, i. 6. to come into existence, begin to be, receive being: absol., Jn. i. 15, 30 (ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν) ; In. viii. 58 (πρὶν ᾿Αβραὰμ γενέσθαι) ; 1 Co. xv. 37 (τὸ σῶμα τὸ γενησόμενον) ; ἔκ Twos, [0 be born, Ro. i. 3 (ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυΐδ); Gal. iv. 4 (ἐκ γυναικός) ; Mt. xxi. 19 (μηκέτι ἐκ σοῦ καρπὸς γένηται, come from) ; of the origin of all things, Heb. xi. 3; διά τινος, Jn.i. 3,10. to rise, arise, come on, appear, of occurrences in nature or in life: as γίνεται βροντή, Jn. xii. 29; ἀστραπή, Rev. viii. 5; σεισμός, Rev. [vi. 12; xi. 13]; xvi. 18; γαλήνη, Mt. viii. 26; Mk. iv. 39; Lk. viii. 24; λαῖλαψ, Mk. iv. 37; γογγυσμός, Acts vi. 1; ζήτησις, Jn. iii. 25 [foll. by ἐκ of origin ; στάσις καὶ ζήτησις), Acts xv. 2 [Grsb. questions ¢jr., Rec. reads συζήτ.]; πόλεμος, Rey. xii. 7; ἡ βασιλεία [or ai B.] κτλ. Rey. xi. 15; xii. 10; χαρά, Acts viii. 8, and in many other exx. Here belong also the phrases γίνεται ἡμέρα it becomes day, day comes on, Lk. iv. 42; vi. 13; xxii. 66; Acts xii. 18; xvi. 35; xxiii. 12; xxvii. 29, 33, 39; y. ὀψέ evening comes, Mk. xi. 19, i. q. y. ὀψία, Mt. viii. 16, xiv. 15, 23; xvi. 2[T br. WH reject the pass.]; xxvi. 20; Mk. xiv. 17; Jn. vi. 16, ete.; mpwia, Mt. xxvii. 1; Jn. xxi. 4; νύξ, Acts xxvii. 27 [cf. 5. v. ἐπιγίν. 2]; σκοτία, Jn. vi. 17 [not Tdf.]. Hence 2. to become i. q. to come to pass, happen, of events; a. univ.: Mt. v. 18; xxiv. 6, 20, 34; Lk. i. 20; xii. 54; xxi. 28; Jn. 1. 28; xiii. 19, etc.; τοῦτο γέγονεν, i a etc. this hath come to pass that ete., Mt. i. 22; xxi. 4; xxvi. ὅθ; τὰ γενόμενα or γινόμενα, Mt. xviii. 31; xxvii. 54; xxvili. 11; Lk. xxiii. 48; [ef. ra γενόμενα ἀγαθά, Heb. ix. 11 ΠΎΝΗ txt. Trmrg.]; τὸ γενόμενον, Lk. xxiii. 47; τὸ γεγονός, Mk. v. 14; Lk. xxiv. 12 [T om. L Trbr. WH reject the vs.]; Acts iv. 21; τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ γεγονός, Lk. ii. 15; τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι, Lk. xxi. 36; Acts xxvi. 22; τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι, 2 Tim. ii. 18; θανάτου γενομένου a death having taken place (Germ. nach erfolgtem Tode), Heb. ix. 15. μὴ γένοιτο, a formula esp. freq. in Paul (and in Epictetus, cf. Schweigh. Index Graec. in Epict. p. 392), far be it! God forbid! [ef. Morison, Exposition of Rom. lii., Ὁ. 31 sq.]: Lk. xx.16; Ro. iii. 4, 6, 31; vi. 2, 15; vii. 7,13; ix.14; xi. 1,11; 1 Co. vi.15; Gal. ii. 17; iii. 21 (equiv. to myn, Josh. xxii. 29, ete.) ; ef. Sturz, De dial. Maced. ete. p. 204 sq.; τί γέγονεν, ὅτι etc. what has come to pass, that etc. i. q. for what reason, why? Jn. xiv. 22 (τί ἐγένετο, ὅτι... Eccles. vii. 11 (10); τί ἐστιν, ὡς ete., Eur. Troad. 889). Ὄ. Very common in the first three Gospels, esp. that of Luke, and in the Acts, is the phrase καὶ ἐγένετο (73?) foll. by 1); ef. W. § 65, 4 6. [also § 44, 3 ¢.], and esp. B. § 141,6. a. καὶ ἐγένετο καί with a finite verb: Mk. ii. 15 ([Tr txt. καὶ γίνεται], TWH καὶ yiv. [foll. by ace. and inf.]); Lk. ii. 15 [R G Lbr. Trbr.]; viii. 1; xiv. 1; xvii. 11; xix. 15; xxiv. 15 [WH br. καί]; foll. by καὶ ἰδού, Mt. ix. 10 [T om. καί before i8.]; Lk. xxiv. 4. β. much oftener καί is not repeated: Mt. vii. 28; Mk. iv. 4; Lk. i. 23; ii. [15 TWH], 46; vi. 12; vii. 11; ix. 18, 33; xi. 1; xix. 29; xxiv. 30. γ. καὶ éyév. foll. by acc. with inf. : Mk. ii. 23 [W. 578 (537) note]; Lk. vi. 1,6 [RG éyev. δὲ καί]. c. In like manner ἐγένετο δέ a. foll. by καί with a finite verb: Lk. v.1; ix. 28 [WH txt. om. L br. καί, 51; x.38RGT,LTrmrg. br. καί]; Actsv.7. 8. ἐγένετο δέ foll. by a fin. verb without καί : Lk. i. 8; ii. 1,6; [vi. 12RGL); viii. 40 [WH Tr txt. om. ἐγέν.7; ix. 37; xi. 14, 27. y. éyevero δέ foll. by ace. with inf.: Lk. iii. 21; [vi. 1,6 LT Tr WH, 12T Tr WH]; xvi. 2 5; ix. 3 [without δέ], 32, 37; xi. 26 RG; xi 16; xix. 1]; xxviii.8,[17]. δ. ἐγέν. δέ [ὡς δὲ by rod with inf.: Acts x. 25 (Rec. om. τοῦ), ef. Mey. ad loc. and W. 328 (307); [B.270(232)]. ἃ. with dat. of pers. fo occur or happen to one, befall one: foll. by inf., Acts xx. 16; ἐὰν γένηται (Sc. αὐτῷ) εὑρεῖν αὐτό, if it happen to him, Mt. xviii. 13; ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι far be il from me to glory, Gal. vi. 14, (Gen. xliv. 7, 17; 1 K. xx. (xxi.) 3; Alciphr. epp. 1, 26); foll. by ace. with inf. it happened to me, that ete.: Acts xi. 26 LT Tr WH [but ace. implied]; xxii. 6, 17, [ef. W. 323 (303); B. 305 (262)]; with adverbs, go, fare, (Germ. ergehen) : εὖ, Eph. vi. 3, (μὴ γένοιτό σοι οὕτω κακῶς, Ael. ν. h. 9, 36). with specification of the thing befalling one: τί γέγονεν [L T Trtxt. WH eyev.] αὐτῷ, Acts vii. 40 (fr. Ex. xxxii. 1); ἐγένετο [1, Tr WH ἐγίνετο] πάσῃ ψυχῇ φόβος fear came upon, Acts ii. 43.— Mk. iv. 11; ix. 21; Lk. xix. 9; Jn. ν. 14; xv. 7; Ro. xi. 25; 1 Co. iv.5; 2Co.i.8 [GLTTr WH om. dat.]; 2 Tim. iii. 11; 1 Pet. iv. 12; with the ellipsis of ἡμῖν, Jn. 1.17. ἐγένετο (αὐτῷ) γνώμη a purpose occurred to him, he determined, Acts xx. 3 [B. 268 (230), but T Tr WH read ἐγέν. γνώμης; see below, 5 6. a.]. foll. by prepositions: ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ upon (Germ. bei or an) her, Mk. v. 33 [RG Lbr.]; ets τινα, Acts xxviii. 6. 3. to arise, appear in history, come upon the stage: of men appearing in public, Mk. i. 4; Jn. i. 6, [on which two pass. cf. W. 350 (328); B. 308 (264) sq.]; 2 Pet. ii. 1; γεγόνασι, have arisen and now exist, 1 Jn. ii. 18. 4. to be made, done, finished: τὰ ἔργα, Heb. iv. 3; διὰ χειρῶν, of things fabricated, Acts xix. 26; of miracles 10 be performed, wrought: διὰ τῶν χειρῶν twos, Mk. vi. 2; διά τινος, Acts ii. 43; iv. 16,30; xii. 9; ὑπό τινος, Lk. ix. 7 (RL [but the latter br. ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ); xiii. 17; xxiii. 8; γενόμενα eis Kapapv. done unto (on) Capernaum i. e. for its benefit (W. 416 (388) ; [ef. B. 333 (286) ]), Lk. iv. 23 [Ree. ἐν τῇ K.]. of commands, decisions, purposes, requests, ete. to be done, executed : Mt. vi. 10; xxi. 21; xxvi. 42; Mk. xi. 23; Lk. xiv. 22; xxiii. 24; Acts xxi. 14; yeνήσεται 6 λόγος will be accomplished the saying, 1 Co. xy. 54. joined to nouns implying a certain action: ἡ ἀπώλεια γέγονε, Mk. xiv. 4; ἀπογραφή, Lk. ii. 2; ἐπαγγελία γενομένη ὑπὸ θεοῦ given by God, Acts xxvi. 6; ἀνάκρισις, Acts xxv. 26; νόμου μετάθεσις, Heb. vii. 12; ἄφεσις, Heb. ix. 22. of institutions, laws, ete. to be established, enacted: τὸ σάββατον ἐγένετο, the institution of the Sabbath, Mk. ii. 275 6 νόμος, Gal. iii. 17 ; οὐ γέγονεν οὕτως hath not been so ordained, Mt. xix. 8. of feasts, marriages, entertainments, to be kept, celebrated: τὸ πάσχα, Mt. xxvi. 2 (i. q. MWY), 2 Κα. xxiii. 22); τὸ σάββατον, Mk. vi. 2; τὰ ἐγκαίνια, Jn. x. 22; [γενεσίοις γενυμένοις (cf. W. § 31, 9b.; RG γενεσίων ἀγομένων), Mt. xiv. 6], (ra ᾿Ολύμπια, Xen. Hell. 7, 4, 28; Ἴσθμια, 4, 5,1); γάμος, Jn. 11. 1. οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί so done with me, in my case, 1 Co. ix. 15. 5. to become, be made, “in passages where it is specified who or what a person or thing is or has been rendered, as respects quality, condition, place, rank, character” (Wahl, Clavis Apocr. V. T. p. 101). a. with a predicate added, expressed by a subst. or an adj.: of λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται, Mt. iv. 3; Lk. iv. 3; ὕδωρ οἶνον γεγενημένον, Jn. ii. 9 ; ἀρχιερεὺς γενόμενος, Heb. vi. 30 ; διάκονος, Col. i. 25; ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο, Jn. i. 14 ; ἀνήρ, 1 Co. xiii. 11, and many other exx. ; χάρις οὐκέτι γίνεται χάρις grace ceases to have the nature of grace, can no longer be called grace, Ro. xi. ὃ; ἄκαρπος γίνεται, Mt. xiii. 22; Mk. iv. 19; —in Mt. xvii. 2; Lk. viii. 17; Jn. v. 6, and many other places. contextually, to show one’s self, prove one’s self: Lk. x. 86; xix. 17; xxiv. 19; Ro. xi. 84; xvi. 2; 2 Co. i. 18 Rec.; 1 Th. i. 6; ii. 7; Heb. xi. 6, ete. ; esp. in exhortations: γίνεσθε, Mt. x. 16; xxiv. 44; Lk. vi. 36; Eph. iv. 32; Col. 111. 155; μὴ γίνου, Jn. xx. 27; μὴ γίνεσθε, Mt. vi. 16; Eph. v. 7,17; 1 Co. x. 7; μὴ γινώμεθα, Gal. v. 26 ; hence used declaratively, i. q. to be found, shown: Lk. xiii. 2 (that it was shown by their fate that they were sinners); Ro. iii. 4; 2 Co. vii. 14: --- γίνομαί τινί τις to show one’s self (to be) some one to one: 1 Co. ix. 20, 22. Ὄ. with an interrog. pron. as predicate : τί ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter, Acts xii. 18 [cf. use of τί eyev.in Act. Phil. in Hell. § 23, Τὰ Acta apost. apoer. p- 104]. c. γίνεσθαι ὡς or ὡσεί twa to become as or like toone: Mt. x. 25; xviii.3; xxviii.4; Mk. ix. 26; Lk. xxii. 44 [L br. WH reject the pass.]; Ro. ix. 29 (fr. Is. i. 9); 1 Co. iv.13; 68]. ἵν. 12. ἃ. γίνεσθαι εἴς τι Lo become i. e. be changed into something, come to be, issue in, something (Germ. zu etwas werden) : ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας, Mt. xxi. 42; Mk. xii. 10; Lk. xx. 17; Acts iv. 11; 1 Pet. ii. 7, —all after Ps. exvii. (exviii.) 22. Lk. xiii. 19 (εἰς δένδρον peya); Jn. xvi. 20; Acts v. 36; Ro. xi. 9 (fr. Ps. Lxviii. (lxix.) 23); 1 Th. iii. 5; Rev. viii. 11; xvi. 19, ete. (equiv. to 5 7°71; but the expression is also classic; cf. W. § 29, 3a. ; B.150(131)). 6. γίνεσθαι with Cases; a. with the gen. to become the property of any one, to come into the power of a person or thing, [ef. W. § 30,5; esp. B. 162 (142)]: Lk. xx. 14 [L mrg. ἔσται], 33; Rev. xi. 15 ; [γνώμης, Acts xx. 3 T Tr WH (ef. ἐλπίδος μεγάλης yiv. Plut. Phoe. 23, 4)]; προφητεία ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται NO One Can explain prophecy by his own mental power (it is not a matter of subjective interpretation), but to explain it one needs the same illumination of the Holy Spirit in which it originated, for ete. 2 Pet. i. 20. γενέσθαι with a gen. indicating one’s age, (to be) so many years old: Lk. ii. 42;1Tim.v.9. 8B. with the dat. [ef. W. 210 sq. (198)]: γίνεσθαι ἀνδρί to become a man’s wife, Ro. vii. 3 sq. (77 wed, Lev. xxii. 12; Ruthi.12,ete.). _f. joined to prepositions with their substantives; ἔν tun, to come or pass into a certain state [cf. B. 330 (284) ]: ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ, Lk, xxii. 44 [Lbr. WH reject the pass.]; ἐν ἐκστάσει, Acts xxii. 17; ἐν πνεύματι, Rev. i. 10; iv. 2; ἐν δόξῃ [R. V. came with (in) glory], 2 Co. iii. 7; ἐν παραβάσει, 1 Tim. ii. 14; ἐν ἑαυτῷ, to come to himself, recover reason, Acts xii. 11 (also in Grk. writ.; cf. Hermann ad Vig. p. 749); ἐν Χριστῷ, to be brought to the fellowship of Christ, to become a Christian, Ro. xvi. 7; ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων, to become like men, Phil. ii. 7; ἐν λόγῳ κολακείας [R. V. were we found using] flattering speech, 1 Th. ii.5. ἐπάνω τινός to be placed over a thing, Lk. xix. 19. μετά τινος or σύν τινι to become one’s companion, associate with him: Mk. xvi. 10; Acts vii. 38; xx. 18; ὑπό τινα to be made subject to one, Gal. ἵν. 4. [Cf.h.below.] 6. with specification of the terminus of motion or the place of rest : εἰς with acc. of place, to come to some place, arrive at some thing, Acts xx. 16; xxi. 17; χχν. 15; ὡς ἐγένετο... εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου when the voice came into my ears, Lk. i. 44; eis with ace. of pers., of evils coming upon one, Rev. xvi. 2 RG; of blessings, Gal. iii. 14; 1 Th.i.5 [Lchm. πρός; Acts xxvi. 6 L T Tr WH]; γενέσθαι ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου, Lk. xxii. 40; ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, Jn. vi. 21 [Tdf. ἐπὶ τὴν y.]; ὧδε, ib. 25 (ἐκεῖ, Xen. an. 6,3 [5], 20; [ef. B. 71]); ἐπί with ace. of place, Lk. xxiv. 22; Acts xxi. 35; (Jn. vi. 21 Tdf.]; ἐγένετο διωγμὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, Acts viii. 1; ἐγένετο φόβος or θάμβος ἐπὶ πάντας. Lk. i. 65; iv. 86: Acts v. 5, 11; [ἔκστασις, Acts x. 10 (Ree. ἐπέπεσεν) ; ἕλκος κακὸν kK. πονηρὸν ἐπὶ τ. ἀνθρώπους, Rey. xvi. 2 1, Tr WI; ἐγένετο ῥῆμα ἐπί τινα, λύγος Or φωνὴ πρός twa (came to) : Lk. iii. 2; Jn. x. 35; Acts vii. 31 [Ree.]; x. 18, (Gen. xv. 1, 4; Jer. i. 2,11; xiii. 8; Ezek. vi. 1; Hos. 1. 1); [ἐπαγγελία, Acts xiii. 32; xxvi. 6 Rec.]; κατά with ace. of place, Lk. x. 32[Tr WH om.]; Acts xxvii. 7, (Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 15); κατά with gen. : τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθ᾽ ὅλης τῆς Ἴουδαίας the matter the report of which spread throughout all Judza, Acts x. 37; πρός twa, 2 Jn. 12 (Ree. ἐλθεῖν) ; 1 Co. ii. 3; σύν τινι, to be joined to one as an associate, Lk. ii. 13, (Xen. Cyr. 5, 3,8); ἐγγὺς γίνεσθαι, Eph. ii. 13; τινός, Jn. vi. 19; h. [with ἐκ of the source (see 1 above): Mk. i. 11 (Tdf. om. éeyév.); ix. 7 (T Trmrg. WH); Lk. iii. 22; ix. 35; Acts xix. 34]; γίνεσθαι ἐκ μέσου, to be taken out of the way, 2 Th. ii. 7; γενέσθαι ὁμοθυμαδόν, of many come together in one place, Acts xv. 25 ef. ii. 1 [but only in RG; γενομένοις ὁμοθυμαδόν in xv. 25 may mean either having become of one mind, or possibly having come together with one accord. On the alleged use of γίνομαι in the N. T. as. interchangeable with εἰμί see Fritzschior. Opusce. p. 284 note. Comp.: ἀπο- d:a-, ἐπι-, Tapa-, συμ- Tapa-, Tpo-yivopat. |

γίνομαι ginomai 669x

pluperfect, ἐγενόει (3rd sg), to come into existence; to be created, exist by creation, Jn. 1:3, 10; Heb. 11:3; Jas. 3:9; to be born, produced, grow, Mt. 21:19; Jn. 8:58, et al.; to arise, come on, occur, as the phenomena of nature, etc.; Mt. 8:24, 26; 9:16, et al.; to come, approach, as morning or evening, Mt. 8:16; 14:15, 23; to be appointed, constituted, established, Mk. 2:27; Gal. 3:17, et al.; to take place, come to pass, happen, occur, Mt. 1:22; 24:6, 20, 21, 34, et al. freq.; to be done, performed, effected, Mt. 21:42, et al.; to be fulfilled, satisfied, Mt. 6:10; 26:42, et al.; to come into a particular state or condition; to become, assume the character and appearance of anything, Mt. 5:45, et al.; to become or be made anything, be changed or converted, Mt. 4:3; 21:42; Mk. 1:17, et al.; to be, Mt. 11:26; 19:8; γίνεσθαι ὑπό τινα, to be subject to, Gal. 4:4; γίνεσθαι ἐν ἑαυτῷ, to come to one’s self, to recover from a trance or surprise, Acts 12:11; μὴ γένοιτο, let it not be, far be it from, God forbid, Lk. 20:16; Rom. 3:4, 31, et al.; to be kept, celebrated, solemnized, as festivals, Mt. 26:2, et al.; to be finished, completed, Heb. 4:3

γίνομαι, Ion. and κοινή for Att. γίγν- (M. Pr., 47; Bl., §6, 8 Mayser, 166 f.),

[in LXX chiefly for היה ;]

of persons, things occurrences, to come into being, be born, arise, come on: Jo 1:15 8:58, I Co 15:37; a first appearance in public, Mk 1:4, Jo 1:6, al.; seq. ἐκ (of birth), Ro 1:3, Ga 4:4; διά, Jo 1:3; βροντή, Jo 12:29; σεισμός, Re 6:12; γογγυσμός, Ac 6:1; χαρά, Ac 8:8, many other similar exx.; ἡμέρα, Lk 22:66, al.; ὀψέ, Mk 11:19; πρωΐα, Mt 27:1; νύξ, Ac 27:27.

Of events, to come to pass, take place, happen: Mt 5:18, Mk 5:14, Lk 1:20 2:15, Ac 4:21, II Ti 2:18, al.; μὴ γένοιτο [LXX for חָלִילָה, Jo 22:29, al.], far be it, God forbid: Ro 3:4 (ICC, in l.), I Co 6:15 and freq. in Pl.; καὶ ἐγένετο, ἐγένετο δέ ([in LXX for וַיְהִי ;] v. Burton, 142 f.; M, Pr., 16f.; Dalman, Words, 32 f.; Robertson, Gr., 1042 f.), c. indic, Mt 7:28, Lk 1:8, al.; seq. καί et indic., Lk 8:1, Ac 5:7, al.; c. acc. et inf., Mk 2:23, Lk 3:21, al.; ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο, seq. τοῦ c. inf., Ac 10:25; c. dat. pers., to befall one: c. inf., Ac 20:16; c. acc. et inf., Ac 22:6; c. adv., εὖ, Eph 6:3; τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ (Field, Notes, 115), Ac 7:40 (LXX); seq. εἰς, Ac 28:6.

to be made, done, performed, observed, enacted, ordained, etc.: Mt 6:10 19:8, Mk 2:27 11:23, Ac 19:26, al.; seq. διά c. gen., Mk 6:2, Ac 2:43; ὑπό, Lk 13:17; ἐκ, Lk 4:23; ἐν, I Co 9:15; ἀπογραφή, Lk 2:2; ἀνάκρισις Ac 25:26; ἄφεσις, He 9:22; ὁ νόμος, Ga 3:17; τὸ πάσχα, Mt 26:2.

to become, be made, come to be: c. pred., Mt 4:3, Lk 4:3, Jo 2:9, I Co 13:11, al.; seq. ὡς, ὡσεί, Mt 10:25, Mk 9:26; εἰς (M, Pr., 71f.), Mk 12:1o, al.; c. gen. Re 11:15; id., of age, Lk 2:42; c. dat., γ. ἀνδρί ([LXX for הָיָה לְאִישׁ, Ru 1:12, al. ;] v. Field, Notes, 156), Ro 7:3, 4; seq. ἐν, Ac 22:17, Re 1:10, al.; ἐπάνω, Lk 19:19; μετά, c. gen., Mk 16:[10], Ac 9:19; seq. εἰς, ἐπί (Field, Notes, 135), κατά (ib., 62), c. acc. of place, Ac 20:16 21:35 27:7, al.; seq. ἐκ, Mk 9:7, Lk 3:22, II Th 2:7, al. Aoristic pf. γέγονα (M, Pr., 52, 145f.; Field, Notes, 1f.), Mt 25:6, Lk 10:36, al. Aor. ἐγενήθη (for ἐγένετο, M, Pr., 139f.; Mayser, 379), Mt 11:23, al. (Cf. απο-, δια-, επι-, παρα-, συμ-, παρα-, προ-.)

γίνομαι {Ξ ΠῚ. p. 210) γενοῦ πρὸς "Ata τὸν ποιμένα καὶ δέξαι παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ δραχμὰς διακοσίας, P Flor II. 180 (a.p. 253) ἐὰν γένηται πρός σε Διόσκορος, α΄. Γίνομαι sometimes supplies an aorist fir εἰμί : ἐγενόμην is normally ingressive (= became), but has to serve on occasion for summary (‘‘constative ’’) aorist as well—cf. Prolfeg. p. 109. Thus P. Flor III. 382% (cited ad 72.) might be translated ‘the son whom I neither have nor ever had,’’ as well as ‘‘ nor was ever born to me.” Lk 13? is an instance of this summary use. It appears in a very common technical usage, by which γενόμενος, with the tithe of an official, etc., denotes “ex-’’: where the title forms a verb, the aor, the perf.) partic. of this is used instead. arch” is γυμνασιαρχήσας. For the periphrasis cf. P Oxy I. 3811 (a.p. 49-50) (= Selections, p. 53) καθὰ π|ζα]ρῆλθον ἐπὶ τοῦ γενομένου τοῦ νομοῦ στρατηγοῦ Ilaciwyvos, “1 accordingly brought an action before Pasion, who was exstrategus of the nome.” The idiom has wider applications, as in P Flor I. 99% (i/ii A.D.) (= Selections, p. 71) τῆς + + + γενομένης γυναικός, ‘his former wife.” In Cambridge Biblical Essays (ed. Swete, 1909), p. 491, this was applied to the important statement of Papias about Mark, who, “‘having become the interpreter of Peter, (Lightfoot): we see that we should been’’—his connexion with Peter was past. Documents, p. 270. Not quite the same are BGU II. 3624120 (A.D. 215) (= Chrest. I. p. 126) τοῦ mpd ἐμοῦ γε[νομένου ἐπιμελητ]οῦ, “who was epimeletes before me,” and P Oxy VIII. 1119% (A.p. 254) ὃ τότε γενόμενος ἀμφοδογραμματεύς, ‘the then amphodogrammateus ” (Ed. ). In P Tebt 11. 315} (ii/A.p.) ἐγένετο yap μου φίλος is rendered ‘‘as he has become my friend ᾿᾿ (!dd.)—aor. of immediate past: in another context it could mean ‘‘he was (once) my friend.” (less often Thus ‘* ex-gymnasiwrote,” etc. read, ‘* having See Milligan now For y. used practically as a passive {o ποιῶ, as in Ac 1978, cf. P Ryl II. 231% (A.p. 40) τ[οὺ]ς ἄρτους καλῶς ποιήσεις εἰπὼ(ν) γενέσθαι, ‘kindly order the loaves to be made”’ (Edd.). ‘There is an extremely common use of γίνεται (generally abbreviated) to denote the total of a column of figures, which ‘come to” so much: see e.g. the table of abbreviations P Lond III: p. 345, near the end, with reff. Among other special usages there is the Pauline μὴ γένοιτο, common in Epictetus (cf. D. S. Sharp Z/féctetes and the NT, pp. 6, 112), e.g. i. i. 13, τί οὖν ; μή τι μικρά σοι φαίνεται ταῦτα ; μὴ γένοιτο. Γέγονεν standing by itself as an answer toa question (‘* what can you βὰν 3 to, . .?”) in P Strass I. 22% 17 (iii/a.p.) looks at first rather like that which occurs in Rev 1617, 21°, but the reference is superficial. On the use of γέγονα aoristically, see Prodeg. p. 145 f. Add there a typical instance from Diogenes Laert. Preem. ὃ 5. παράγουσι kai ᾿᾽Ορφέα τὸν Θρᾷκα, λέγοντες φιλόσοφον γεγονέναι, καὶ εἶναι ἀρχαιότατον, ‘that he was a philosopher, and belongs to the earliest times” 1854, “Aceddos ὧδε yéyov[a. This last is one of the 162 sightseers’ scribblings on the walls of the tombs of the kings at ‘Thebes: 34 of them add to their name the verb ἱστόρησα, ἀφικόμην, ἐθαύμασα, or other aoristic expression of their feelings, and 9 more use ἥκω. When this one comes to *‘ write him down” Asellus, his unique ὧδε γέγονα may be either compared with ἥκω (perfect) ὧδε, as in no. 1868, or made virtually aoristic like the majority. There is little difference. In Pro/eg. p. 239 a further 3 also Pretsigke , γινώσκω instance of aoristic γέγονε is cited from C. and B. il. p. 477, no. 343. The loss of y from the original form, here and in γινώσκω, is found in the Ionic from v/B.c., and in Attic inserr. from ¢. 300: see Brugmann-Thumb Gr. p. 126. It is the only Kow7 form—ytvopat is MGr—but there are a few instances of yeyv. in papyri due to the effort to write ‘‘ correctly ” : see Mayser Gr. p. 164f. As late as P Thead 13110 (A.D. 322—a procés verbal from a law case) we find ytyvoμένην. An aorist ἐγεινάμην is sometimes found, as in Ost 16168 (B.c. 149-8 or 138-7), and it is possible that this (classical) form may be responsible for the rather marked fondness for the spelling yelvopat in pres.: normally we may ignore altogether the difference of εἰ and t For yéyovay (Rom 167 NAB), cf. BGU II. 597!® (a.p. 75), al. See Proleg. p. 52, where however the illiteracy of this form is too confidently expressed. The aor. ἐγενήθην, to which the Atticists objected, was common in early Kown, but fell back after ii/B.c.—see Mayser Gr. p. 379.

γίνομαι (ginomai) — to be. γίγνομαι, Ionic dialect and after [Refs 4th c.BC+] γίνομαι [ῑ], (Attic dialect Inscrr. have γιγν- in fifth and fourth cententury,[Refs]; Thess. γίνυμαι [Refs]; Boeotian dialect γίνιουμαι [Refs]future γενήσομαι: aorist ἐγενόμην (ἐγενάμην [LXX] (προ-) Decrees Byzantine cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+], Ionic dialect 2nd pers. singular γένευ [Refs 8th c.BC+], 3rd.pers. singular γενέσκετο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Epic dialect γέντο [Refs 8th c.BC+] (gṇ-το): perfect γέγονα [Refs 8th c.BC+]: 3rd.pers. plural γέγοναν [NT]: pluperfect ἐγεγόνει [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ionic dialect ἐγεγόνεε [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect forms (as if from perfect γέγᾰα), 2nd pers. plural γεγάᾱτε [Refs 8th c.BC+]pluperfect ἐκ-γεγάτην [ᾰ] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; infinitive γεγάμεν [ᾰ] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle γεγᾰώς -ᾰυῖα, plural -ᾰῶτες, -ᾰυῖαι [Refs 8th c.BC+], contraction γεγώς, -ῶσα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive γεγᾱκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: middle forms ἐκγεγάασθε epigram [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—passive forms, future γενηθήσομαι (only in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist ἐγενήθην [Refs 5th c.BC+], later Attic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+] and Hellenistic Gk., [Refs 2nd c.BC+]: perfect γεγένημαι [Refs 4th c.BC+], frequently in Attic dialect Poets and Prose, in Attic dialect inscription first in 4th C, [Refs]: 3rd.pers. plural γεγενέανται [Refs 4th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐγεγένητο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare γείνομαι:—come into a new state of being: hence,

I. absolutely, come into being opposed to εἶναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and so,

I.1. of persons, to be born, νέον γεγαώς new born, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας born (and so living) under Tmolus, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽.. ἐκράνθη at our birth, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γεγονέναι κακῶς, καλῶς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κάλλιον, εὖ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι not to have been born, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονότες those of an age beyond.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with ordinals, ὀγδοηκοστὸν ἔτος γεγονώς [Refs 1st c.AD+]

I.2. of things, to be produced, ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to ὄλλυσθαι, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; opposed to ἀπόλλυσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to ἀπολείπειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+] Apoll.7; opposed to ἀπολήγειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of profits, καρποὶ οἱ ἐξ ἀγελῶν γ. [Refs]; τὰ ἆθλα ἀπὸ τεττάρων ταλάντων ἐγένοντο were the produce of, i.e. were worth, [Refs]; τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων γενόμενον ἀργύριον produced by [the ransom of].., [Refs]; of sums, ὁ γεγονὼς ἀριθμὸς τῶν ψήφων the total of the votes, [Refs 5th c.BC+] staters amount to [Refs 4th c.BC+]; so in in Mathematics texts, of products, ὁ ἐξ αὐτῶν γενόμενος ἀριθμός [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἀριθμὸς γενόμενος ἑκατοντάκις multiplied[Refs 3rd c.AD+]; of times of day, ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of Time in general, elapse, διέτης χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε ταῦτα πρήσσουσι [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.2. b falldue, οἱ γιγνόμενοι δασμοί [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ τίμημα τὸ γ., τὸ γ. ἀργύριον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with dative, τὸ γ. τινὶ ἔλαιον [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τοῖς γείτοσι τὸ γ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]dues, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] regular, normal, τίμημα, χάρις, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐν ταῖς γ. ἡμέραις in the usual number of days, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in later Gk., as [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

I.3. of events, take place, come to pass, and in past tenses to be, καί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ Ὀλύμπια γίγνεται, τραγῳδοὶ γίγνονται, are held, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψήφισμα γ. is passed, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πιστὰ γ., ὅρκοι γ., pledges are given, oaths taken,[Refs 4th c.BC+]; γίγνεταί τι ὑπό τινος (masculine), [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὃ μὴ γένοιτο which God forbid, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; but γένοιτο, = [LXX]; γένοιτο γένοιτο[LXX] suppose it done, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]it is done, [NT]participle, γίγνεταί τί μοι βουλομένῳ, ἀσμένῳ (see. βούλομαι, ἄσμενος); οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε ἐλπομένῳ τὰ γένοιτο, i.e. I could not hope to see these things take place, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; of sacrifices, omens, etc., οὐ γάρ σφι ἐγίνετο τὰ σφάγια χρηστά[Refs 5th c.BC+]. were favourable, [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, τὸ γενόμενον the event, the fact, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ γενόμενα the facts, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ γεγενημένα the past, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ γενησόμενον the future, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ γεγονότα, opposed to ὄντα, μέλλοντα, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but in perfect and pluperfect, to have passed, ὡς διετὴς χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε [Refs 5th c.BC+].. it happened, came to pass that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐγένετο, ὡς ἤκουσεν.. καὶ ἐθυμώθη it came to pass, when he heard.. that.., [LXX+NT]infinitive, γίνεται εὑρεῖν it is possible to find, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐγένετο, with accusative et infinitive, it came to pass that, [NT+2nd c.AD+]: with dative et infinitive, ἐάν σοι γένηται στραφῆναι [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II. followed by a Predicate, come into a certain state, become, and (in past tenses), to be,

II.1. followed by Nouns and adjectives, δηΐοισι δὲ χάρμα γ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πάντα δὲ γιγνόμενος πειρήσεται turning every way, [Refs]; παντοῖος γ., followed by μή, with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, μὴ προδοὺς ἡμᾶς γένῃ, i.e. προδότης ἡμῶν, [Refs 5th c.BC+] ; what am I to become, i.e. what is to become of me? [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.1. b in past tenses, having ceased to be, ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός the ex-strategus, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; ἡ γ. γυνή τινος the former wife, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II.2. with adverbs, κακῶς χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; εὖ, καλῶς, ἡδέως γ., it goes well, etc., [LXX+5th c.BC+]; with personal construction, οἱ παρὰ Πλάτωνι δειπνήσαντες ἐς αὔριον ἡδέως γίγνονται [Refs 1st c.AD+]; δίχα γ. τοῦ σώματος to be parted from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τριχῇ γ. to be in three divisions, [Refs]; γ. ἐμποδών, ἐκποδών, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. followed by oblique cases of Nouns,

II.3. a with genitive, γ. τῶν δικαστέων, τῶν γεραιτέρων, become one of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; fall to, belong to, ἡ νίκη Ἀγησιλάου ἐγεγένητο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; to be under control of, ὁ νοῦς ὅταν αὑτοῦ γένηται [Refs 5th c.BC+]: of things, to be at, i.e. cost, so much, αἱ τριχίδες εἰ γενοίαθ᾽ ἑκατὸν τοὐβολοῦ [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. b with dative, fall to, i. e. as wife, [LXX]

II.3. c with Preps., γ. ἀπὸ δείπνου, ἐκ θυσίας, have done.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολὺν χρόνον γ. ἀπό τινος to be separated from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. εἴς τι turn into, τὸ κακὸν γ. εἰς ἀγαθόν [LXX+6th c.BC+]; εἰς βρῶσιν[LXX]; εἰς οὐδέν, εἰς κενόν, [NT+8th c.BC+] even without preposition, ἐμὲ χρεὼ γ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γ. τι εἴς τινα comes to him, of a dowry, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; of a ward, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν τινι to be out of sight, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γ. disappear from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐν.., to be engaged in.., οἱ ἐν ποιήσει γινόμενοι in poetry, [Refs]; ἐν [πολέμῳ] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ὀργῇ, ἐν αἰτίᾳ πρός τινα γ., [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of things, ἐν καιρῷ γ. to be in season, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. διὰ γηλόφων, of a road, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but δι᾽ ἔχθρας γ. τινί to be at enmity with, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐπὶ ποταμῷ arrive or be at.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐπί τινι fall into or be in one's power, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐπί τινι, also, to be set over.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν to be alone, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; γ. ἐπ᾽ ἐλπίδος to be in hope, [Refs 1st c.AD+] to be multiplied into a number, [Refs]; γ. κατά τινα or τι to be near.. or opposite to.., in battle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but κατὰ ξυστάσεις γ. to be formed into groups, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ αὑτοὺς γ. to be alone, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; γ. μετὰ τοῦ θείου to be with God, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς πράγμασι to be present on both sides, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. παρά τι to depend upon.., [Refs 4th c.BC+]; γ. περὶ τὸ συμβουλεύειν to be engaged in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γενοῦ πρός τινα go to So-and-so, [Refs]; γ. πρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ to be at or near.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. πρός τινι to be engaged in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτὸς πρὸς αὑτῷ meditate, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γενέσθαι πρός τινων to be inclined towards them, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. πρὸ ὁδοῦ to be forward on the way, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γ. ὑπό τινι to be subject to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γ. ὑπὸ ταῖς μηχαναῖς to be under the protection of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.4. γίγνεται followed by plural nouns, ἵνα γίγνηται.. ἀρχαί τε καὶ γάμοι [NT+5th c.BC+]. (Cf. jánati 'procreate', jánas (={γένος}), Latin gigno, gnatus.)