δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, ef. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover, (W.§ 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more freq. in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. {On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96; WH. App. Ῥ 146; W.§5,1a.; B. p.10sq.] It is used ἘΠ ΟἹ δὲ univ. by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opp. to a preceding statement: ἐὰν yap ἀφῆτε... ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀφῆτε, Mt. vi. 14 sq.; ἐὰν de ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς κτλ. Mt. vi. 23; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι, Mk. ii. 20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of, —either with strong emphasis: ἐγὼ δέ, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39,44; ἡμεῖς de, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; σὺ δέ, Mt. vi. 6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mk. viii. 29; of δὲ viol τῆς βασιλείας, Mt. viii. 12; ai ἀλώπεκες .. τοῦ avOp. Mt. viii. 20; Lk. ix. 58; πᾶς ὁ dads... οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι, Lk. vii. 29 sq.; 6 δὲ πνευματικός, 1 Co. ii. 15, and often; — or with a slight discrimination, ὁ δέ, αὐτὸς δέ: Mk. 1.45; v. 84; vi. 37; vii.6; Mt. xiii. 29, 37,52; xv. 23 sqq-; Lk. iv. 40,43; v. 16; vi. 8; viii. 10,54; xv. 29; οἱ δέ, Mt. ii. 5; Mk. iii. 4; viii. 28, etc., ete.; with the addition also of a prop. name, as ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς : Mt. viii. 22 [Tdf. om. 7I.]; ix. 12 [RG Trbr.], 22 [Tdf. om. Ἰ.1; xiii. 57; Mk.i.41[RGLmrg. Tr mrg.]; ἀποκρ. δὲ (6) Σίμων, Lk. vii. 48 RG Lbr.; ἡ δὲ Μαρία, Lk. ii. 19, ete. 2. pev... δέ, 566 μέν. 3. after negative sentences, but, but rather (Germ. wohl aber): Mt. vi. 19 sq. (μὴ θησαυρίζετε . . . θησαυρίζετε δέ); x. 5sq.; Acts xii. 9, 14; lo. iii. 4; iv. 5; 1 Co.i. 10; vii. 37; 1 Th. v. 21 [mot Rec.]; Eph. iv. 14 sq.; Heb. ii. 5 sq.; iv. 13, 15; ix. 12; x. 26 sq.; xii. 13; 1 Pet. i. 12 (οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν [Ree. ἡμ.] δέ) ; Jas. i. 13 501} ii. 11. 4. it is joined to terms which are repeated with a certain emphasis, and with such additions as tend to explain and establish them more exactly; in this use of the particle we may supply a suppressed negative clause [and give its force in Eng. by inserting / say, and that, so then, etc.]: Ro. iii. 21 sq. (not that common δικαιοσύνη which the Jews boast of and strive after, but δικαιοσ. διὰ πίστεως) ; Ro. ix. 30; 1 Co. ii. 6 (σοφίαν δὲ οὐ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου) ; Gal. ii. 2 (I went up, not of my own accord, but ete.); Phil. ii. 8; ef. A/otz ad Dev. ii. 2 p. 361 sq.; L. Dindorf in Steph. Thes. ii. col. 928 ; [ef. W. 443 (412}1. 5. it serves to mark a transition to something new (δέ metabatic) ; by this use of the particle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, opposed to what goes before: Mt. i. 183; 11. 19; x. 21; Lk. xii. 13; xiii. 1; Jn. vii. 14,37; Actsvi. 1; Ro. viii. 28; 1 Co. vii. 1; viii. 1, ete., ete. ; so also in the phrase ἐγένετο δέ, see γίνομαι, 2 c. 6. it introduces explanations and separates them from the things to be explained : Jn. iii. 19; vi. 39; 1 Co. i. 12; vii. 6, 29; Eph. ν. 32, ete. ; — esp. remarks and explanations intercalated into the discourse, or added, as it were, by way of appendix: Mk. v. 13 (ἦσαν δέ ete. R Lbr.) ; xv. 25; xvi. 8[ RG]; Jn. vi. 10; Owing . ὁ δὲ υἱὸς ix. 14; xii. 3; τοῦτο δὲ γέγονε, Mt. i. 22; xxi. 4. to this use, the particle not infrequently came to be confounded in the Mss. (of prof. writ. also) with yap; ef. Winer on Gal. i. 11; Fritzsche on Mk. xiv. 2; also his Com. on Rom. vol. i. pp. 284, 265; ii. p. 476; iii. p. 196; [W. 452 (421); B. 363 (312)). 7. after a parenthesis or an explanation which had led away from the subject under discussion, it serves to take up the discourse again [οἵ. W. 443 (412)]: Mt. iii.4; Lk. iv. 1; Ro. v. 8; 2 Co. ii. 12; v. 8; x. 2; Eph. ii. 4; ef. Klotz ad Devar. δέησις 1 ii. 2 p. 376 sq. 8. it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis: Acts xi.17 RG (1 Mace. xiv. 29; 2 Mace. i. 34); after a participial construction which has the force of a protasis : Col. i. 22 (21); cf. Matthiae ii. 1470; Kiihner ii. 818; LJelf $770]; Klotz τ. 5. p. 370 sq.; [B. 364 (312)]. 9. kat... δέ, but... also, yea and, moreover also : Mt. x. 18; xvi. 18; Lk. ii. 35 [WH txt.om. L Tr br. δέ] ; Jn. vi. 51; xv. 27; Acts iil. 24; xxii. 29; Ro. xi. 23; 2 Tim. 111. 12; 1Jn.i.3; 2 Pet. 1. 5; cf. Klotz u.s. p. 645 sq.; B. 364 (312); [also W. 443 (413); Ellic. on 1 Tim. iii. 10; Mey. on Jn. vi. 511]. καὶ ἐὰν δέ yea even if: In. viii. 16. 10. δέ never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second ; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third (as in Mt. x. 11; xviii. 25; Mk. iv. 34; Lk. x. 31; Acts xvii. 6; xxviii. 6; Gal. iii. 23; 2 Tim. iii. 8, ete.; in οὐ μόνον δέ, Ro. v. 3, 11, ete.), or even in the fourth place, Mt. x. 18; Jn. vi. 51; viii. 16 sq.; 1 Jn. 1. 3; 1 Co. iv. 18; [Lk. xxii. 69 LT Tr WH].

δεῖ dei 101x

it is binding, it is necessary, it is proper; it is inevitable, Acts 21:22

δεῖ impersonal (δέω),

[in LXX chiefly for infin. with לְ ;]

one must, it is necessary: c. inf., Mt 26:54, Mk 13:7, Ac 5:29, al.; c. acc. et inf., Mt 16:21, Mk 8:31, Jo 3:7, Ac 25:10, al.; with ellipse of acc., Mt 23:23; of acc., and inf., Mk 13:14, Ro 1:27 8:26; οὐ (μὴ) δεῖ (non licet), ought not, must not: Ac 25:24, II Ti 2:24; impf., ἔδει, of necessity or obligation in past time regarding a past event (Bl., § 63, 4), Mt 18:33, Lk 15:32, Jo 4:4, Ac 27:21, al.; periphr., δέον ἐστίν (as in Attic, χρεών ἐστι = χρή, v.s. δέον), Ac 19:36; id., with ellipse of ἐστίν, I Pe 1:6 τὰ μὴ δέοντα (= ἃ οὐ δεῖ I Ti 5:13.

SYN.: ὀφείλει, expressing moral obligation, as distinct from δεῖ, denoting logical necessity and χρή, a need which results from the fitness of things (v. Tr., Syn., § cvii, 10; Westc. on He 2:1, I Jo 2:6; Hort on Ja 3:10).

δεῖ. For the conjunctive, as in Mt 26%, cf. P Fay 109° (early i/A.D.) ἐάν σε δῇ (for δέῃ) τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον. “even if you have to pawn your cloak” (Edd.). In P Tebt I. 585° (B.c. 111) we have ἐάν followed by the indicative— ἐὰν δεῖ σε συνπεσεῖν τῶι ᾿Ανικήτωι, σύνπεσαι, ‘if you must meet Anicetus, meet him” (Edd.): cf. Mayser G7. p. 325. Other examples of the verb are l’ Par 461® (B.C. 153) διὸ Kal ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι» P Lille I. 267 (iii.B.c.) περὶ (corr. from πεερὶ) δὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους δεήσει ἐπισχεῖν, P Tebt 11. 3414 (A.p. 140-1) δεήσι ἐπισταλῆναι εἰς δάνε[ι]α σπέρματα κατασπίο]ρᾶς KTA., “ΕἼ will be necessary to send on account of loans of seedcorn for the sowing,” etc., AécheZ 1001" © (Theran Doric —c. B.C. 200) no one may bring forward a proposal ὡς δεείσῃ διαλῦσαι τὸ κοινὸν εἰ τὰς θυσίας, P Flor II. 133" (A.D. 257) ἔδι μὲν ὑμᾶς μηδὲ ὑπομνήσεως χρήζειν, “you oughtn’t even to have needed a reminder,’ P Oxy X. 1203}Ὁ Ὁ: (A.D. 117-38) ἔδει αὐτῶι διδώναι oot (?/. ὅτι) οὐκ ἔστ᾽ αὐτὸς Σαρᾶς, ἀλλὰ ἄλλος ξένος ἐστὶν οὗ δεῖ με πισθῆναι ὡς ἐσχήκατε, ‘you ought to have given him a letter, because it is not S. but another stranger whose word I have to take that you have received it”’ (Edd.). See also s.v. δέον.

δεῖ (dei) — be necessary. δεῖ: subjunctive δέη, sometimes contraction δῆ (in codices of Comedy texts, as [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁπόσου κα δῆ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive δεῖ; participle δέον (see. infr. IV): imperfect ἔδει, Ionic dialect ἔδεε: future δεήσει [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist I ἐδέησε [Refs 5th c.BC+] —Impers. from δέω (A), there is need (the sense of moral obligation, properly belonging to χρή, is later, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I. c.accusative person et infinitive, it is needful for one to do, one must, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+] why need the Argives fight? [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with nominative of the pronoun, ἡγούμην.. δεῖν.. μεγαλοψυχότερος φαίνεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with dative person, there is need of.. for.., θεοῖσι προσβαλεῖν χθονὶ ἄλλην δεήσει γαῖαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.2. with accusative of things et infinitive, δεῖ τι γενέσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι since it was fated for him.., since he was doomed.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; for οἴομαι δεῖν, see at {οἴομαι}.

I.3. absolutely with infinitive understood, μὴ πεῖθ᾽ ἃ μὴ δεῖ (i.e. πείθειν) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴ τι δέοι, ἤν τι δέῃ (i.e. γενέσθαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κἂν δέῃ (i.e. τροχάζειν), τροχάζῶ [Refs 6th c.BC+]

II. with genitive of things, there is need of, frequently with negative, οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου [Refs 5th c.BC+]; sometimes with infinitive added, μακροῦ λόγου δεῖ ταῦτ᾽ ἐπεξελθεῖν [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II. b frequently in phrases, πολλοῦ δεῖ there wants much, far from it, ὀλίγου δεῖ there wants little, all but; in full with infinitive, πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦ πλεῦνος αἰεὶ ἔδεε there was always further to travel, [Refs 5th c.BC+] absolutely, in same sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. with dative person added, δεῖ μοί τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.3. with accusative person added, αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ προμηθέως [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.4. rarely with Subj. in nominative, δεῖ μοί τι something is needful to me, ἓν δεῖ μόνον μοι [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. middle, δεῖται there is need, with genitive, δεῖταί σοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἐρωτήσεως [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, ὥστε βραχἔ ἐμοὶ δεῖσθαι φράσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV. neuter participle δέον (δεῖν is uncertain in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, it being needful or fitting, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον, he did not appear in court, though he ought to have done so, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν δέον there being no need, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: future ὡς αὐτίκα δεῆσον διώκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist δεῆσαν [Refs 2nd c.BC+] with accusative infinitive, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. substantive δέον, τό (see entry vocative).