παρά, [it neglects elision before prop. names beginning with a vowel, and (at least in Tdf.’s text) before some other words; see Tdf. Proleg. p. 95, cf. W. § 5, 1 a.; B. 10], a preposition indicating close proximity, with various modifications corresponding to the various cases with which it is joined; ef. Viger. ed. Herm. p. 643 sqq.; Matthiae § 588; Bnhdy. p. 255 sqq.; Ktihner § 440; Kriiger § 68, 34-36. It is joined I. with the GenitIvE; and as in Grk. prose writ. always with the gen. of a person, to denote that a thing proceeds from the side or the vicinity of one, or from one’s sphere of power, or from one’s wealth or store, Lat. a, ab; Germ.von ... her, von neben; French de chez; [Eng. from beside, from]; Sept. for *339D, 7°, Syxn (1S. xvii. 30); cf. W. 364 (342) sq- a. properly, with a suggestion of union of place or of residence, after verbs of coming, departing, setting out, ete. (cf. French venir, partir de chez quelqu’un) : Mk. xiv. 3; Lk. viii. 49 [here Lchm. ἀπό] ; Jn. xv. 26; xvi. 27; xvii. 8 ; [παρ᾽ ἧς ἐκβεβλήκει ἑπτὰ δαιμόνια, Mk. xvi. 91, Tr txt. WH]; εἶναι παρὰ θεοῦ, of Christ, to be sent from God, Jn. ix. 16, 33; to be sprung from God (by the nature of the Adyos), vi. 46 ; vii. 29 (where for the sake of the context κἀκεῖνός με ἀπέστειλεν [Τα . ἀπέσταλκεν) is added) ; μονογενοὺς παρὰ πατρός SC. ὄντος, Jn. i. 14; ἐστί τι παρά τινος, is given by one, Jn. xvii. 7 [ef. d. below]. b. joined to passive verbs, παρά makes one the author, the giver, ete. [W. 365 (343); B. § 134, 1]; so after dzoστέλλεσθαι, Jn. i. 6 (the expression originates in the fact that one who is sent is conceived of as having been at the time with the sender, so that he could be selected or commissioned from among a number and then sent off) ; γίνεσθαι, Mt. xxi. 42; Mk. xii. 11 (παρὰ κυρίου, from the Lord, by divine agency or by the power at God’s command) ; akin to which 1s οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα, Lk. i. 37 L mrg. T Tr WH [see ἀδυνατέω, b.]; λαλεῖσθαι, Lk. i. 45 (not ὑπό, because God had not spoken in person, but by an angel) ; κατηγορεῖσθαι, Acts xxii. 30 Rec. (not ὑπό [yet so L T Tr WH] because Paul had not yet been formally accused by the Jews, but the tribune inferred from the tumult that the Jews accused him of some crime). c. after verbs of seeking, asking, taking, receiving, buying, [cf. W. 370 (347) n.; Β. § 147,5; yet see Bp. Lghtft. on Gal. i. 12]; as, αἰτῶ, αἰτοῦμαι, Mt. xx. 20 (where L Tr txt. WH txt. dw αὐτοῦ) ; Jn. iv. 9; Acts ili. 2; ix. 2; Jas.i.5; 1Jn. y. 15 (where L T Tr WH am αὐτοῦ) ; ζητῶ, Mk. viii. 11; Lk. xi. 16; xii. 48; λαμβάνω, Mk. xii. 2; Jn. v. 34, 41, 44; x.18; Acts 11.33; iii.5; xvii. 9; xx. 24; xxvi. 10; Jas. i. 7; 2 Pet.i.17; 1 Jn. iii. 22 (LT Tr WH ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ); 2Jn.4; Rev. ii. 28 (27); παραλαμβάνω, Gal. i.12; 1 Th. ii. 13; iv. 1; ἀπολαμβάνω, Lk. vi. 34 RGL Trmrg.; κομίζομαι, Eph. vi. 8; γίνεταί poi τι, Mt. xviii. 19; δέχομαι, Acts xxii. 5; Phil. iv. 18; ἔχω, Actsix. 14; ὠνέομαι, Acts vii. 16; ἀγοράζομαι, Rev. iii. 18; also after ἄρτον φαγεῖν (sc. δοθέντα), 2 Th. iii. 8; εὑρεῖν ἔλεος, 2 Tim. i. 18; ἔσται χάρις, 2 Jn. 3. after verbs of hearing, ascertaining, learning, making inquiry; as, ἀκούω τι; Jn. i. 40 (41); vi. 45 sq.; vii. 513 viii. 26,40; xv. 15; Acts x. 22; xxviii. 22; 2 Tim. i. 13; ii. 2; πυνθάνομαι, Mt. ii. 4; Jn. iv. 52; ἀκριβῶ, Mt. 11. 165 ἐπιγινώσκω, Acts xxiv. 8; μανθάνω, 2 Tim. iii. 14. d. in phrases in which things are said εἶναι or ἐξέρχεσθαι from one: Lk. ii. 1; vi. 19; Jn. xvii. 7 [see a. above]. e. 6, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος [see ὁ, II. 8; ef. B. 8 125, 9; W. § 18, 3]; a. absol.: of παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ, those of one’s family, i. 6. his kinsmen, relations, Mk. iii. 21 (Sus. 33; one’s descendants [yet here Vulg. qui cum eo erant], 1 Mace. xiii. 52; (Joseph. antt. 1, 10, 5]); ef. Fritzsche ad loc. p. 101; [ Field, Otium Norv. pars iii. ad loc.]; τὰ παρά twos, what one has beside him, and so at his service, i. e. one’s means, resources, Mk. v. 263; τὰ παρά τινων, sc. ὄντα, i. 6. δοθέντα, Lk. x. 7; Phil. iv. 18; [ef. W. 366 (343); Joseph. antt. 8, 6,6; b.j. 2, 8.4; ete.]. B. where it refers toa preceding noun: ἡ ἐξουσία ἡ παρά τινος, sc. received, Acts xxvi. 12 [RG]; ἐπικουρίας τῆς παρὰ (1, Τ Tr WH ἀπὸ) τοῦ θεοῦ, Acts xxvi. 22 (ἡ mapa τινος εὔνοια, Xen. mem. 2, 2,12); ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, of which I am the author, Ro. xi. 27 [ef. W. 193 (182)]. II. with the Dative, παρά indicates that something is or is done either in the immediate vicinity of some one, or (metaph.) in his mind, near by, beside, in the power of, in the presence of, with, Sept. for OxN (1 K. xx. (xxi.) 1; Prov. viii. 30), 13 (Gen. xliv. 16 sq.; Num. xxxi. 49), ‘YY (see b. below) ; cf. W. § 48, ἃ. p. 394 sq. (369) ; [B. 339 (291 sq. -)]. a. near, by: εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ, Jn. xix. 25 (this is the only pass. in the N. T. where παρά is joined with a dat. of the thing, in all others with a dat. of the person). aftera verb of motion, to indicate the rest which follows the motion [cf. B. 339 (292)], ἔστησεν αὐτὸ παρ᾽ ἑαυτῷ, Lk. ix. 47. b. with, i. e. in one’s house; in one’s town; in one’s society: ξενίζεσθαι [q. v.], Acts x. 6; xxi. 16; μένειν, of guests or lodgers, Jn. i. 39 (40); iv. 40; xiv. 17, 25; Acts ix. 43; xvili.3,20 [RG]; xxi. 7sq.; ἐπιμένειν, Acts xxviii. 14 LT Tr WH; καταλύειν, Lk. xix. 7 (Dem. de corona § 82 [cf. B. 339 (292)]); ἀριστᾶν, Lk. xi. 37; ἀπολείπειν τι, 2 Tim. iv. 13; mapa τῷ θεῷ, dwelling with God, Jn. Vili. 38; i.q.in heaven, Jn. xvii. 5; μισθὸν ἔχειν, to have a reward laid up with God in heaven, Mt. vi. 1; εὑρεῖν χάριν (there where God is, i. 6. God's favor [ef. W. 365 (343)]), Lk.i. 30; a pers. is also said to have χάρις παρά one with whom he is acceptable, Lk. ii. 52; τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ, this is acceptable with God, pleasing to him, 1 Pet. ii. 20 (for .)»,3, Ex. xxxiii. 12,16; Num. x1. 15); παρὰ θεῷ, in fellowship with God (of those who have embraced the Christian religion and turned to God from whom they had before been estranged), 1 Co. vii. 24; mapa κυρίῳ (in heaven). before the Lord as judge, 2 Pet. ii. 11 [( Lom. and Tr WH br. the phrase]; παρ᾽ ὑμῖν, in your city, in your church, Col. iv. 16; w. a dat. plur. i. 4: among, Mt. xxii. 25; xxviii. 15; Rev. ii. 13; παρ᾽ 1 Co. xvi. 2. c. παρ᾽ (L Tr WH txt. ἐν) ἑαυτῷ, with one’s self i. 6. in one’s own mind, διαλογίζεσθαι, Mt. xxi. 25. d. a thing is said to be or not to be παρά τινι, with one, a. which belongs to his nature and character, or is in accordance with his practice or the reverse; as, μὴ ἀδικία παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ; Ro. ix. 14; add, Ro. ii. 11; 2Co.i.17; Eph. vi. 9; Jas. i. 17. B. Maly is or is not within one’s power: Mt. xix. 26; Mk. . 27; Lk. xviii. 27, ef. 1. 81 RG L txt. 8. παρά τινι, with one i. 6. in his rancor he being judge, (so in Hat. and the Attic writ.; cf. Passow s. v. IT. 2, vol. ii. p. 667; [L. and S.s. ν. B. II. 87): παρὰ τῷ θεῷ, Ro. ii. 13 ; 1 Co. ii. 19; Gal. iii. 11; 2 Th. 1.6; Jas. i. 27; 1 Pet. it. 4; 2 Pet. iii. 8 [π. κυρίῳ]; φρόνιμον εἶναι παρ᾽ ἑαυτῷ, [A. V. in one’s own conceit], Ro. xi. 25 (where Tr txt. WH txt. ev); xil. 16. III. with an Accusative; Sept. for ὍΝ, Ὑ 5p, 723 (Josh. vii. 7; xxii. 7); cf. W. § 49g. p. 403 (377) sq-; [B. 339 (292)]; 1. prop. of place, at, by, near, by the side of, beside, along; so with verbs of motion: περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Plat. Gorg. p. 511 e.), Mt.

παρά para 194x

(1) gen., from, indicating source or origin, Mt. 2:4, 7; Mk. 8:11; Lk. 2:1; οἱ παρ’ αὐτοῦ, his relatives or kinsmen, Mk. 3:21; τὰ παρ’ αὐτῆς πάντα, all her substance, property, etc., Mk. 5:26. (2) dat., with, in, among, etc., Mt. 6:1; 19:26; 21:25; 22:25; παρ’ ἑαυτῷ, at home, 1 Cor. 16:2; in the sight of, in the judgment or estimation of, 1 Cor. 3:19; 2 Pet. 2:11; 3:8. (3) acc., motion, by, near to, along, Mt. 4:18; motion, towards, to, at, Mt. 15:30; Mk. 2:13; motion terminating in rest, at, by, near, by the side of, Mk. 4:1, 4; Lk. 5:1; 8:5; in deviation from, in violation of, inconsistently with, Acts 18:13; Rom. 1:26; 11:24; above, more than, Lk. 13:2, 4; Rom. 1:25. (4) Misc., after comparatives, Lk. 3:13; 1 Cor. 3:11; except, save, 2 Cor. 11:24; beyond, past, Heb. 11:11; in respect of, on the score of, 1 Cor. 12:15, 16

παρά, prep. c. gen., dat., acc., with radical sense, beside. C. gen. pers., from the side of, from beside, from, indicating source or origin, [in LXX for מֵאֵצֶל, מִיַד, מִלִּפְנֵי;] after verbs of motion, Mk 14:43, Lk 8:49, Jo 15:26, al.; after verbs of seeking, receiving, hearing, etc., Mk 8:11 12:2, Jo 4:9, 52 10:18, Phl 4:18, II Ti 1:18, Ja 1:7, al.; after passive verbs, of the agent (like ὑπό), Mt 21:42, Mk 12:11, Lk 1:37; absol., οἱ παρ’ αὐτοῦ, his family, his kinsfolk, Mk 3:21 (cf. M, Pr., 106 f.; Field, Notes, 25 f.; Swete, in l.); τὰ παρ’ αὐτῆς (αὐτῶν, ὑμῶν), one's means, wealth, Mk 5:26, Lk 10:7, Phl 4:18.

C. dat. pers. (exc. Jo 19:25, π. τ. σταυρῷ), by the side of, beside, by, with, [in LXX for בְּעֵינֵי, בְּיַד, אֵצֶל;] Lk 11:37 19:7, Jo 1:40 4:40, Ac 28:14, al.; παρ’ ἑαυτῷ, at home, I Co 16:2; c. dat. pl., among, Mt 22:25, Col 4:16, al.; metaph., Mt 19:26, Mk 10:27, Lk 1:30, Ro 2:13, Ja 1:27, al.

C. acc., of motion by or towards, [in LXX for בְּעֵבֶר ,עַל יַד ,אֵצֶל;] of place, by the side of, beside, by, along: Ac 10:32, He 11:12; after verbs of motion, Mt 4:18, Mk 4:4, Lk 8:5, Ac 4:35, al.; after verbs of rest, Mt 13:1, Mk 5:21, Lk 8:35, al.

beside, beyond, metaph.; beyond, against, contrary to: Ac 18:13, Ro 1:26 4:18 11:24, al.; except, II Co 11:24;

beyond, above, in comparison with: Lk 3:13, Ro 12:3 14:5, He 1:4, 9 3:3, al.;

on account of: I Co 12:15, 16.

In composition: beside, to (παραλαμβάνω, παράγω), at hand (πάρειμι), from (παραρρέω), amiss (παρακούω), past (παρέρχομαι), compared with (παρομοιάζω), above measure (παροργίζω).

παρά is found in the NT c. gen. (78 times), c. dat. (50 times), and c. acc. (60 times): see Proleg. p. 106. All these constructions can be freely illustrated from our sources. (1) c. gen. indicating source or origin ‘‘ from the side of,” “*from,’’ used of persons after verbs of receiving etc.: Ostr 10278 (Ptol.) (= LAZ, p. 152) ἀπέχω παρὰ σοῦ τὸ ἐπιβάλλον (cf. Lk 1515) μοι ἐκφόριον, “1 have received from you the fruit that falleth to me,” P Petr 11. τι (1)° (mid. iii/B.c.) = Witkowski’, p. 8) γίνωσκε δέ pe ἔχοντα παρὰ Φιλωνίδου (δραχμὰς) o, P Eleph 13? (B.C. 223-2) (= Witkowski’, p. 42) παραγενομένου Lav@tos ἐκομισάμην τὴν παρὰ cov ἐπιστολήν, P Tebt II. 28322 (B.c. 93 or 60) τούτου δὲ γενομ[έϊνου ἔσομαι τετευχὼς [TH]s Tapa cod ἀντιλήμψεως, ‘* for if this is done I shall have obtained succour from you” (Edd.), P Oxy IV. 742? (B.c. 2) παράλαβε παρὰ Πόθου τὸν κάλαμ[ο]ν πανα[ρ]ιθμῶι, ‘take over from Pothus the reeds all together’? (Edd.), PsFay 121}% (c. A.D. 100) καὶ τὸ S[ép]pa τοῦ μόσχου αἴτησον πα[ρὰ τοῦ] κυρτοῦ βυρσέως, “ask the hunch-backed tanner for the calf’s hide,”’ and 76. 93° (A.D. 161) βούλομαι μισθώσασθαι παρὰ σοῦ τὴν μυροπωλαικὴν Kal ἀροματικὴν ἐργασίαν, “1 wish to lease from you your business of perfume-selling and unguentmaking ’’ (Edd.). For παρά c. gen. to denote the agent, as in Mt 1819, cf. Epict. iv. 10, 29 τὰ ἀλλότρια ὄψεται... ὡς ἂν δίδωται παρὰ τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν (see Sharp, Z fice. Ρ. 92). For a similar use after pass. verbs (like ὑπό: cf. Ac 2239 TR παρά, but NABC ὑπό), cf. P Tebt I. 121" (B.c. 118) ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ γρ(αφὲν) ἐπισί(τόλιον), 75. 34° (c. B.C. 100) χάριν τοῦ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἀπηγμένου, ““ἀὔοιΐ the person arrested by him,” and the late P Oxy I. 12517 (a.p. 560) συγχωρήσω αὐτὴν ὑπομνησθῆναι παρ᾽ οἱουδήποτε προσώπου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ, “1 should permit you to be reminded of your suretyship for me by any person whatsoever” (Edd.). Οἱ παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ is common in the sense of a man’s “agents” or ‘‘ representatives,” e.g. P Tor II. 4° (1i/B.c.) μηδένα τῶν παρ᾽ αὐτῶν, ‘no one of those acting for them,” P Tebt I. 51 (p.c. 118) οἰκο(νόμοις) ἢ τοῖς παρ᾽ αὐτῶν, τε oeconomi or their agents,” P Amh IT. 4¥4(ii/B.C.) πέπομφα τὸν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ, “1 have sent my agent” and 29. 111°! (A.D. 132) καὶ μηδὲν τὸν ὁμολογοῦντα μήτε τοὺς παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐνκαλῖν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Στοτοῆτιν, “and that neither he nor his representatives make any claim on Stotoétis”” (Edd.). ’ Tapa The phrase is also used more generally of a man’s “‘ neighbours,”’ ‘‘ friends,” ‘‘associates,’’ e.g. P Par 3615 (B.c. 163-2) (= UPZ i. p. 138) “Appaw . . τὸν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ, ““ Harmais who is closely associated with me,” 26. 4918 (c. B.C. 161) (= CPZ i. p. 308) ot παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ γραμματεῖς, 20. 514° (B.c. 159) (= UPZ i. p. 360) εὐφραίνεσθε, of παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ πάν[τες P Amh 11. 3513 (B.C. 132) τοὺς παρ᾽ ἡμῶν γεωργούς, P Oxy II. 29887 (i/A.p.) Σαραπίων καὶ πάντες οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῶν, ‘all of us,” and KGU ΤΙ. 419" (a.p. 277) οὐδεὶς τῶν παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ οὐδὲ τέκνον τ[έϊκνου. Cf. also Herodas I. 2 with Headlam’s note. For a parallel to Mk 374, where the context seems to confine ot παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ to members of Christ’s ‘family ’’ (see Swete and Field ad /.), we may cite P Revill Mél, p. 2957 (B.C. 131-0) καλῶς ποιήσεις παρακαλῶν σαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς παρ᾽ ἡμῶν, the reference being to the writer’s mother and sisters ; οἵ. 13 and ~ee Witkowski, £p/.2 p. 96. This narrower application may also perhaps be found in P Grenf 11. 369 (B.C. 95) ἔρρωμαι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς kal ᾿Εἰσθλύτις. . . καὶ οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῶν πάντες, ‘all our family,” and 07 IIT. 998%-§ (B.c. τοι) μήτ᾽ αὐτὸς Ψενμεγχῆς μήδ᾽ ἄλλον μηδένα τῶν Tap αὐτοῦ. Ta παρ᾽ αὐτῆς πάντα, ‘‘all her means,” in Mk 535 (cf. Lk 107, Phil 48), may be illustrated from Preemze 111177 (i/B.c.) ἐδαπάνησεν δὲ παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ μετὰ τῶν συναγωνοθετῶν, 26. 118) (i/B.c.), and C. and 8. ii. p. 394. No. 277, where a father stated that he has erected τὸν βω[μὸν σὺν τῷ γρά]δῳ to his children πα]ρὰ ἑαυ[τοῦ, “at his own expense.” Ramsay compares the similar use of παρά on coins. See also the exx. from Josephus in Field, Votes, p. 27. For the neut. art. without a subst. followed by παρά c. gen. cf. P Hib I. 1099 (B.c. 247-6) τὸ παρ᾽ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν μετ[όχων, with reference to an amount due “‘ from them and their partners,’ and PSI VI. 598? (iii/8.C.) ἀκούσας τὰ παρ᾽ ᾿Ετεάρχου. (2) c. dat. ‘‘ by,” ‘‘ beside,” is used only of persons in the NT except in Jn 19°, with which we may compare P Oxy I, 12078 \ii/A.D) ἐπεὶ (/ ἐπὶ) ξένης kal παρὰ τῇ τάξιί = er) ὄντα (/. dy), ‘being a stranger to the place and engaged at his post.” See also Kazbe/ 703} (ii/iii δεκάμηνος ἐγὼ κεῖμαι παρὰ τύμβῳ. For the ordinary personal use see P Hib I. 147 (early ili/B.c.) σύντασσε [τοὺς] παρὰ σοὶ φ[ύ]λακας φυλάσσειν, P Oxy II 2083 (i/A.D.) παρὰ wot, ‘where youare,’’ P Fay 1223 (c. A.D. 100) τὸ παρὰ σοὶ σί[ν]απι τὸ ἐν τῶι θησαυρῶι Σιοχώτου, ‘‘ the mustard that is with you in the store of Sochotes,” P Oxy IX. 12208 (iii/A.D.) πέμψεί = αι) pou κέρμα eis τὰ γινόμενα παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ ἔργα τῆς k<apm> odoplas, ‘‘ send me some money for the business of harvesting going on here ” (Ed.), τό. XII. 1503! (iv/A.D.) περὶ dv βούλῃς παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ ἀντίγραψόν μοι, and 76. VI. 925° (Christian prayer—v/vi A.D.) φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ col ἀλήθιαν. Cf. Herodas V 61. For the phrase παρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς and its equivalents with verbs of prayer etc. the following exx may serve—BGU Il. 632° (ii/a.p.) (= LAL, p. 172) μνίαν σου ποιούμενος (cf. Philem 4) παρὰ tots [ἐν]θάδε θεοῖς, P Oxy XII. 15834 (ii/A.D.) τὸ προ[σκ]ύνημά σίο]υ ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ ΣΙ αἹρά[πι]δι, τό. XIV. 1678? (illiterate —iii/A.D.) πρὸ μὲν πάντων εὔχομέ σε ὁλοκληρεῖν καὶ ὑειένειν παρὰ τῷ κυρείῳ θεῷ, τό. XII. 1489? (late 1ii/A.D.) ἄσπαι[{])σοὸν Φίρμον καὶ Τεκοῦσαν καὶ τοὺς ἡμῶν πάντας παρὰ τοῖς θεοῖς τῆς , παρὰ πόλεως τῶν ᾿Αντινοαίων, ‘salute Firmus and Tecusa and all our friends before the gods of Antinodpolis” (Edd.), and 76. 1495* (Christian — iv/A.D.) mpd μὲν πάντων εὔχομαί σοι τὴν ὁλοκληρίαν παρὰ τῷ κί(υρι)ῷ θ(ε)ῴ. note by Ghedini in Aegyftws ill. p. 191 f (3) c. acc. ‘‘ by,” ‘*beside,”’ See also the “near”; P Eleph 217 (B.c. 285-4) τὴν δὲ συγγραφὴν ἑκόντες ἔθεντο παρὰ συγγραφοὕύλακα Ἡράκλειτον, P Lille I. 1719 (iii/B.c.) ὃ σῖτος ὃ παρ᾽ ὑμᾶς, P Petr IIT. 215 (B.c. 236) οὐλὴ ἐπὶ μήλου map ὄφρυν ἰἀριστεράν, P Par 477 (c. B.C. 152-1) (= ΟΖ i. p. 332, Selections, p. 22) ψευδῆι πάντα καὶ οἱ παρὰ ot θεοὶ ὁμοίως, ‘all things are false and your gods with the rest,’” P Vebt I. 3951 (B.c. 114) παρὰ τὸ αὐτόθι Διὸς ἱερόν, ‘‘near the temple of Zeus here’? (Edd.), and P Oxy XIT. 1583° (1i/a.p.) γενοῦ παρὰ ᾿Ισίδωρον χάριν τοῦ [pat]vdrov, ‘ go to Isidore for the cloak.” For ἃ suggestion that in Ac 22% ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ should be translated ‘tin this city I was brought under the influence of Gamaliel, ’ see Zup 7 xxx. p. 39 f. The temporal use of παρά = ‘‘ during” is seen in P Oxy III. 47219 (c. A.p. 130) δύναται μὲν yap Kal ἄλλα τινὰ λελοιί-- υγτῆσθαι παρὰ τὸν τῆς προνοίας χρόνον, ‘he may indeed have nad other troubles during the period of his stewardship” (Edd.). In Rom 14° ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, παρά is best understood as=‘‘in preference to,” the preceding κρίνει being then taken in the sense of ‘‘ estimates,’”’ “approves of” (seeSH αα Δ). For the phrase τὸ παρὰ τοῦτο indicating the ‘‘difference”’ between two figures, see P Hib I. 991° (c. B.C. 148) with the editors’ note. (4) Some miscellaneous uses of παρά may be illustrated. For the meaning ‘‘ against,’’ ‘‘contrary ἴο,᾿ as in Ac 18}, Rom 17° a/., cf P Tebt I. 5% (8.c. 118) τοὺς δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιοῦντας Bav[dtwr {ζ]ημιοῦσθαι, ‘those who disobey this decree are punishable with death” (Edd.), τώ. 205 τοὺς Kekopdtas τῶν ἰδίων ξύλα παρὰ <Ta> ek<K>elpeva προστάγματα, ‘those who have cut down wood on their own property in contravention of the published decrees” (Edd.), 76. 27# (B.C. 113) τὰ παρὰ τὸ Bé{L}ov κεχειρισμένα, “‘your improper procedure” (Edd.) ; sepulchral inscr., asin C. and B. ii. p. 537, No. 394° εἰ δέ τις Tapa ταῦτα ποιήσει, ἔστε αὐτῷ πρὸς TOV κρίτην θεόν. also the common Like the Semitic m7, παρά is used of comparison in P Tebt I. 58 (B.c. 118) pl{oor pé[t]pors [πα]ρὰ τὰ eWo<tabpa>, ‘larger measures than the correct bronze measures,” 24. 1012 (B.C. 114) σὺ δὲ ὀρθῶς ποιήσεις τὸ προσάγγελμα μὴ ἐλλατώσας παρὰ τὸ πρῶτον, ‘you will be right in not diminishing the report compared with the first one’ (Edd.): cf. Lk 1324, 1814, Rom 12, 12%. In MGr παρά and ἀπό are used to express comparison.

παρά (para) — from/with/beside. πᾰρά [ρᾰ], Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also παραί: shortened πάρ, in [Refs 8th c.BC+], Lyric poetry (but rarely in Trag., in Lyric poetry passages, [Refs 5th c.BC+], and in all dial ects except Attic dialect, [Refs 4th c.BC+], etc.:—preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative, properly beside: hence, __A WITH GEN. properly denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from: __A.I of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πλευρὰ παρ᾽ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield,[Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II commonly of Persons, __A.II.1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, [NT+5th c.BC+]; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ᾽ Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; λόγος (i.e. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων with accusative et infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+] glory from (given by) men, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, [Refs]; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, [Refs]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ my opinions, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόμον θὲς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ by my advice, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτοὶ παρ᾽ αὑτῶν of themselves, [Refs] __A.II.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.4 with passive Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III rarely for παρά with dative, by, near, πὰρ ποδός [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων uncertain reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλοὶ παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, ={ἀμφοτέρωθεν}, [Refs 1st c.BC+] __A.IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, [Refs] __B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where? __B.I of Places, κατ᾽ ἂρ ἕζετ᾽.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, [Refs], etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ οἴνῳ over wine, [Refs] __B.II of persons, beside, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.II.2 at one's house or place, with one, μένειν π. τισί [Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, [Refs 5th c.BC+] those of my household, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοί life with me, [Refs]; οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ᾽ ὑμῖν δῆμος, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ παρ᾽ αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, in one's hands, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὔπω παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ τότ᾽ ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.II.3 before, in the presence of, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; before a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+] in my judgement, [NT+5th c.BC+]; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II.4 in quoting authors, παρ᾽ Ἐφόρῳ, παρ᾽ Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __B.III [Refs 4th c.AD+]. with genitive, from, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __C WITH ACCU[Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I beside, near, by, __C.II along, __C.III past, beyond. __C.I beside, near, by: __C.I.1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to, ἴτην π. νῆας [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., [Refs]to the chamber of H.,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sometimes with reference to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ᾽ αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ᾽ ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἔμ᾽ ἵστασο come and stand by me, [Refs], etc.; π. πυθμέν᾽ ἐλαίης θῆκαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, [LXX+NT+8th c.BC+]; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ὄμμα before one's eyes, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πόδας on the spot, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; immediately thereafter, [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __C.I.2.b Doric dialect, Boeotian dialect, and Thess., = above [Refs 5th c.BC+], at the house of.., with a person, [Refs]; παρ᾽ ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] [Refs 5th c.BC+] depositing with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἰχμὴ δ᾽ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα [Refs] __C.I.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with.., ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.4.b Geometry texts, παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ᾽ ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __C.I.4.c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (see. παραβάλλω [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by [Refs 6th c.AD+] __C.I.5 Geometry texts, parallel to.., [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C.I.6 metaphorically in Grammars, like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.6.b Grammars, of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] [Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usually implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ᾽ ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; προετέρει π. πάντας [Refs 3rd c.BC+] a little lower than the angels, [LXX]; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; so perhaps παρ᾽ αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ᾽ ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί γὰρ παρ᾽ ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖ; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν [NT] __C.I.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ᾽ οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so perhaps π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.8.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __C.I.9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (i.e. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]tertian, opposed to quotidian, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. μίαν every second day, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν every second year, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; παρ᾽ ἔτος year and year about, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; every second year, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. μέρος by turns (see. μέρος[Refs 1st c.AD+]; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] probably every fourth year, [Refs 2nd c.AD+][same place]; ἕνα παρ᾽ ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἕνα π. δύο (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, [Refs]; παρὰ δ᾽ ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ᾽ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; π. τὴν πρώτην (i.e. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __C.I.10.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, [Refs]; παρ᾽ ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, [Refs]; παρ᾽ ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.10.c παρ᾽ ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ.. to-day and to-morrow, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but παρ᾽ ἦμαρ to-morrow, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.10.d throughout a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, [Refs] __C.II along, ὄνος παρ᾽ ἄρουραν ἰών [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὀρθὴν παρ᾽ οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.II.2 strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C.III past, beyond, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.III.2 metaphorically, over and above, in addition to, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ᾽ ἄλλα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.III.3 metaphorically, in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.III.4 metaphorically, in transgression or violation of, π. μοῖραν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὴν στήλην probably in [Refs]; π. καιρόν out of season, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γνώμαν[Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, [Refs] __C.III.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, ={παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου}, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, [Refs]; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the accusative came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', 'with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρὰ δ᾽ ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ὅσον quatenus, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.III.5.b in phrases like{π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον} was sometimes understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ [Refs 4th c.BC+], within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (i.e. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ᾽ ἐκ πόλεως [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, [Refs 5th c.BC+] by one, i.e. less one, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, =[NT]; παρ᾽ ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; σύ μοι παρ᾽ ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, [Refs 6th c.AD+]; πάντες παρ᾽ ἕνα, πάντες παρ᾽ ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear (ἄρκος) all but a letter, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (literal less something) lost his sight, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι variant in [NT]; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., [Refs 1st c.BC+] __C.III.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται [Refs 5th c.BC+]; διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., [Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὰ πράγματα conjecture in [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C.III.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός [Refs 4th c.BC+] just for the sake of unsatisfying food, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ᾽ ἓν οὐδὲ δύ᾽ εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, [Refs]; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., [NT]; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οὐδὲν ἂν παρ᾽ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων [Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐδεὶς παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν [LXX]; later more loosely, because of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __C.III.8 of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς [Refs 4th c.BC+]; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ᾽ αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οἴμωζε παρ᾽ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __D POSITION: παρά may follow its substantive in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ultima is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+] __E παρά absolutely, as adverb., near, together, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __G IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), __G.I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημ; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι (εἶμι). __G.II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. __G.III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω. __G.IV metaphorically, __G.IV.1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω. __G.IV.2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι. __G.IV.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι. __G.IV.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Gothic faúr 'along', Latin por-.)