Exodus 14:9
Exodus 14:9 in Multiple Translations
The Egyptians—all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots, horsemen and troops—pursued the Israelites and overtook them as they camped by the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.
But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
But the Egyptians went after them, all the horses and carriages of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them in their tents by the sea, by Pihahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
The Egyptians set out in pursuit—all Pharaoh's horses and chariots, horsemen and soldiers. They caught up with the Israelites while they were camped beside the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.
And the Egyptians pursued after them, and all the horses and charets of Pharaoh, and his horsemen and his hoste ouertooke them camping by the Sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
and the Egyptians pursue after them, and all the chariot horses of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his force, overtake them, encamping by the sea, by Pi-Hahiroth, before Baal-Zephon.
The Egyptians pursued them. All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his horsemen, and his army overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baal Zephon.
But the Egyptians pursued them (all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army) and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon.
And when the Egyptians followed the steps of them who were gone before, they found them encamped at the sea side: all Pharao’s horse and chariots, and the whole army were in Phihahiroth before Beelsephon.
the Egyptian army, with all the king’s horses and chariots and horsemen, pursued the Israelis. They caught up with them as they were camped near the sea, close to Pi-Hahiroth, in front of Baal-Zephon town.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 14:9
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 14:9 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יִּרְדְּפ֨וּ
מִצְרַ֜יִם
אַחֲרֵי/הֶ֗ם
וַ/יַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ
אוֹתָ/ם֙
חֹנִ֣ים
עַל
הַ/יָּ֔ם
כָּל
סוּס֙
רֶ֣כֶב
פַּרְעֹ֔ה
וּ/פָרָשָׁ֖י/ו
וְ/חֵיל֑/וֹ
עַל
פִּי֙
הַֽחִירֹ֔ת
לִ/פְנֵ֖י
בַּ֥עַל
צְפֹֽן
וַ/יִּרְדְּפ֨וּ
râdaph
H7291
to pursue
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
מִצְרַ֜יִם
Mitsrîy
H4713
Egyptian
N-proper
אַחֲרֵי/הֶ֗ם
ʼachar
H310
after
Prep | Suff
וַ/יַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ
nâsag
H5381
to overtake
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3mp
אוֹתָ/ם֙
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM | Suff
חֹנִ֣ים
chânâh
H2583
to camp
V-Qal
עַל
ʻal
H5921
upon
Prep
הַ/יָּ֔ם
yâm
H3220
West
Art | N-ms
כָּל
kôl
H3605
all
N-ms
סוּס֙
çûwç
H5483
swallow
N-ms
רֶ֣כֶב
rekeb
H7393
chariot
N-ms
פַּרְעֹ֔ה
Parʻôh
H6547
Pharaoh
N-proper
וּ/פָרָשָׁ֖י/ו
pârâsh
H6571
horse
Conj | N-mp | Suff
וְ/חֵיל֑/וֹ
chayil
H2428
Helech
Conj | N-ms | Suff
עַל
ʻal
H5921
upon
Prep
פִּי֙
Pîy ha-Chîyrôth
H6367
Pi-hahiroth
N-proper
הַֽחִירֹ֔ת
Pîy ha-Chîyrôth
H6367
Pi-hahiroth
N-proper
לִ/פְנֵ֖י
pânîym
H6440
face
Prep | N-cp
בַּ֥עַל
Baʻal Tsᵉphôwn
H1189
Baal-zephon
N-proper
צְפֹֽן
Baʻal Tsᵉphôwn
H1189
Baal-zephon
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 14:9
וַ/יִּרְדְּפ֨וּ
râdaph
H7291
"to pursue"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp
To pursue or chase after someone means to follow them with hostile intent. This can be a physical pursuit or a pursuit of someone's life or well-being, as seen in many biblical stories.
Definition: 1) to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to pursue, put to flight, chase, dog, attend closely upon 1a2) to persecute, harass (fig) 1a3) to follow after, aim to secure (fig) 1a4) to run after (a bribe) (fig) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be pursued 1b2) one pursued (participle) 1c) (Piel) to pursue ardently, aim eagerly to secure, pursue 1d) (Pual) to be pursued, be chased away 1e) (Hiphil) to pursue, chase
Usage: Occurs in 135 OT verses. KJV: chase, put to flight, follow (after, on), hunt, (be under) persecute(-ion, -or), pursue(-r). See also: Genesis 14:14; 2 Samuel 20:13; Psalms 7:2.
מִצְרַ֜יִם
Mitsrîy
H4713
"Egyptian"
N-proper
In the Bible, this word refers to an Egyptian, someone from the country of Egypt. It appears in the Old Testament, describing people from this northeastern African nation. Egyptians are mentioned in books like Genesis and Exodus.
Definition: Group of mits.ra.yim (מִצְרַ֫יִם "Egypt" H4714G) § Egyptian, of Egypt "double straits" Egyptian-an inhabitant or citizen of Egypt an Egyptian
Usage: Occurs in 67 OT verses. KJV: Egyptian, of Egypt. See also: Genesis 12:12; Exodus 8:17; Ezra 9:1.
אַחֲרֵי/הֶ֗ם
ʼachar
H310
"after"
Prep | Suff
Achar means backwards or after, used to describe something that happens later or in the rear. It is used in various senses in the Bible, including in 1 Kings 12:18.
Definition: 1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time) 1a) as an adverb 1a1) behind (of place) 1a2) afterwards (of time) 1b) as a preposition 1b1) behind, after (of place) 1b2) after (of time) 1b3) besides 1c) as a conjunction 1c) after that 1d) as a substantive 1d1) hinder part 1e) with other prepositions 1e1) from behind 1e2) from following after
Usage: Occurs in 664 OT verses. KJV: after (that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side), behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from, hereafter, hinder end, [phrase] out (over) live, [phrase] persecute, posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth), when, with. See also: Genesis 5:4; Exodus 18:2; Joshua 8:14.
וַ/יַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ
nâsag
H5381
"to overtake"
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3mp
To overtake means to reach or catch up to something, like pursuing an enemy or attaining a goal. This verb is used in the Bible to describe physical and spiritual pursuits. It can also mean to be able to secure or have enough.
Definition: 1) to reach, overtake, take hold upon 1a) (Hiphil) 1a1) to overtake 1a2) to reach, attain to, cause to reach 1a3) to be able to secure, reach, have enough
Usage: Occurs in 47 OT verses. KJV: ability, be able, attain (unto), (be able to, can) get, lay at, put, reach, remove, wax rich, [idiom] surely, (over-) take (hold of, on, upon). See also: Genesis 31:25; 1 Samuel 14:26; Psalms 7:6.
אוֹתָ/ם֙
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM | Suff
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
חֹנִ֣ים
chânâh
H2583
"to camp"
V-Qal
This Hebrew verb means to set up camp or pitch a tent, like when the Israelites encamped in the wilderness. It can also mean to lay siege against a city.
Definition: 1) to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to decline 1a2) to encamp
Usage: Occurs in 135 OT verses. KJV: abide (in tents), camp, dwell, encamp, grow to an end, lie, pitch (tent), rest in tent. See also: Genesis 26:17; Numbers 33:33; Psalms 27:3.
עַל
ʻal
H5921
"upon"
Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
הַ/יָּ֔ם
yâm
H3220
"West"
Art | N-ms
Refers to a large body of water like the Mediterranean Sea or a sea in general, sometimes specifically the west or seaward direction.
Definition: This name means sea, seaward, westward Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
Usage: Occurs in 339 OT verses. KJV: sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward). See also: Genesis 1:10; Joshua 17:10; Psalms 8:9.
כָּל
kôl
H3605
"all"
N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
סוּס֙
çûwç
H5483
"swallow"
N-ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Definition: swallow, swift
Usage: Occurs in 130 OT verses. KJV: crane, horse (-back, -hoof). Compare H6571 (פָּרָשׁ). See also: Genesis 47:17; Psalms 76:7; Psalms 20:8.
רֶ֣כֶב
rekeb
H7393
"chariot"
N-ms
The Hebrew word for chariot refers to a vehicle, team of horses, or cavalry. It is also used to describe the upper millstone in a grinding mill. Chariots were important in biblical times for transportation and war.
Definition: : chariot 1) a team, chariot, chariotry, mill-stone, riders 1a) chariotry, chariots 1b) chariot (single) 1c) upper millstone (as riding on lower millstone) 1d) riders, troop (of riders), horsemen, pair of horsemen, men riding, ass-riders, camel-riders Also means: re.khev (רֶ֫כֶב ": millstone" H7393H)
Usage: Occurs in 104 OT verses. KJV: chariot, (upper) millstone, multitude (from the margin), wagon. See also: Genesis 50:9; 2 Kings 8:21; Psalms 20:8.
פַּרְעֹ֔ה
Parʻôh
H6547
"Pharaoh"
N-proper
In the Bible, Pharaoh refers to the king of Egypt, a powerful leader with great authority. The word is used in many passages, including Genesis 12:15 and Exodus 1:9, to describe the ruler of Egypt. It is a title of respect and power.
Definition: A man of the Egyptians living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.29; also called Pharaoh at 2Ki.23.35 etc.; Another name of ne.kho (נְכוֹ "Neco" H5224G) § Pharaoh = "great house" the common title of the king of Egypt
Usage: Occurs in 230 OT verses. KJV: Pharaoh. See also: Genesis 12:15; Exodus 6:29; 2 Kings 23:35.
וּ/פָרָשָׁ֖י/ו
pârâsh
H6571
"horse"
Conj | N-mp | Suff
This word means a horseman or a cavalry soldier, like those who rode chariots in battle. In the Bible, it describes the riders of horses and chariots, like in Exodus 14:9 where the Egyptian horsemen pursued the Israelites.
Definition: horse, steed, warhorse
Usage: Occurs in 54 OT verses. KJV: horseman. See also: Genesis 50:9; 2 Chronicles 8:6; Isaiah 21:7.
וְ/חֵיל֑/וֹ
chayil
H2428
"Helech"
Conj | N-ms | Suff
This word represents strength, might, or power, whether physical, financial, or military. In the Bible, it's used to describe the strength of God or the wealth of a nation, as seen in Deuteronomy 8:17-18.
Definition: § Helech = "your army" a place near Arvad and Gammad
Usage: Occurs in 221 OT verses. KJV: able, activity, ([phrase]) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great) forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong, substance, train, ([phrase]) valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war, worthy(-ily). See also: Genesis 34:29; 2 Chronicles 13:3; Psalms 18:33.
עַל
ʻal
H5921
"upon"
Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
פִּי֙
Pîy ha-Chîyrôth
H6367
"Pi-hahiroth"
N-proper
Pi-hahiroth is a place in Egypt where the Israelites camped before crossing the Red Sea. It means the place where sedge grows.
Definition: § Pi-hahiroth = "place where sedge grows" the 3rd encampment of the Israelites after leaving Goshen in Egypt and the last one before crossing the Red Sea
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Pi-hahiroth. (In Numbers 14:19 without Pi-.) See also: Exodus 14:2; Numbers 33:7; Numbers 33:8.
הַֽחִירֹ֔ת
Pîy ha-Chîyrôth
H6367
"Pi-hahiroth"
N-proper
Pi-hahiroth is a place in Egypt where the Israelites camped before crossing the Red Sea. It means the place where sedge grows.
Definition: § Pi-hahiroth = "place where sedge grows" the 3rd encampment of the Israelites after leaving Goshen in Egypt and the last one before crossing the Red Sea
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Pi-hahiroth. (In Numbers 14:19 without Pi-.) See also: Exodus 14:2; Numbers 33:7; Numbers 33:8.
לִ/פְנֵ֖י
pânîym
H6440
"face"
Prep | N-cp
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
בַּ֥עַל
Baʻal Tsᵉphôwn
H1189
"Baal-zephon"
N-proper
Baal-zephon was a place in Egypt near the Red Sea where Pharaoh's army was destroyed during the Exodus. The name means 'lord of the north'. This location was an important part of Israel's history and escape from slavery.
Definition: § Baal Tsphon or Baal-zephon = "lord of the north" a place in Egypt near the Red Sea where Pharaoh and his army were destroyed during the Exodus
Usage: Occurs in 3 OT verses. KJV: Baal-zephon. See also: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Numbers 33:7.
צְפֹֽן
Baʻal Tsᵉphôwn
H1189
"Baal-zephon"
N-proper
Baal-zephon was a place in Egypt near the Red Sea where Pharaoh's army was destroyed during the Exodus. The name means 'lord of the north'. This location was an important part of Israel's history and escape from slavery.
Definition: § Baal Tsphon or Baal-zephon = "lord of the north" a place in Egypt near the Red Sea where Pharaoh and his army were destroyed during the Exodus
Usage: Occurs in 3 OT verses. KJV: Baal-zephon. See also: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Numbers 33:7.
Study Notes — Exodus 14:9
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 14:9 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 14:9
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 14:9
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 14:9
- Barnes' Notes on Exodus 14:9
- Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
- Sermons on Exodus 14:9
Context — Pharaoh Pursues the Israelites
7He took 600 of the best chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt, with officers over all of them.
8And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.
9The Egyptians—all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots, horsemen and troops—pursued the Israelites and overtook them as they camped by the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.
10As Pharaoh approached, the Israelites looked up and saw the Egyptians marching after them, and they were terrified and cried out to the LORD. 11They said to Moses, “Was it because there were no graves in Egypt that you brought us into the wilderness to die? What have you done to us by bringing us out of Egypt?Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 15:9 | The enemy declared, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake. I will divide the spoils; I will gorge myself on them. I will draw my sword; my hand will destroy them.’ |
| 2 | Joshua 24:6 | When I brought your fathers out of Egypt and you reached the Red Sea, the Egyptians pursued them with chariots and horsemen as far as the Red Sea. |
| 3 | Exodus 14:2 | “Tell the Israelites to turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea. You are to encamp by the sea, directly opposite Baal-zephon. |
Exodus 14:9 Summary
In Exodus 14:9, the Egyptians, with all their horses and chariots, caught up to the Israelites as they camped by the sea. This situation seemed hopeless, but God was in control, just as He is in our lives (Psalm 23:4). The Israelites were about to learn that God is more powerful than any army, and He would soon part the Red Sea to save them (Exodus 14:21-22). We can trust God to take care of us, even when things seem impossible, because He is sovereign over all things (Romans 8:28).
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did God allow the Egyptians to pursue the Israelites in Exodus 14:9?
God allowed the Egyptians to pursue the Israelites to demonstrate His power and glory, as seen in Exodus 14:4, where it says, 'I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and he will pursue them.'
What can we learn from the Israelites' situation in Exodus 14:9?
We can learn that God often allows us to face challenges and pressures to test our faith and trust in Him, as seen in James 1:2-4, where it says, 'Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you face trials of many kinds.'
How did the Israelites feel when they saw the Egyptians pursuing them in Exodus 14:9?
The Israelites were terrified and cried out to the Lord when they saw the Egyptians pursuing them, as seen in Exodus 14:10, which shows their emotional response to the situation.
What does Exodus 14:9 reveal about God's sovereignty?
Exodus 14:9 reveals that God is sovereign over all things, including the actions of world leaders like Pharaoh, as seen in Proverbs 21:1, which says, 'The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord; He directs it like a watercourse wherever He pleases.'
Reflection Questions
- How do you respond when faced with a seemingly insurmountable challenge, and what can you learn from the Israelites' experience in Exodus 14:9?
- In what ways can you trust God's sovereignty in your life, even when circumstances seem overwhelming?
- How can you apply the lesson of Exodus 14:9 to your own life, and what role does faith play in your response to challenges?
- What does Exodus 14:9 teach you about God's character, and how can you glorify Him in the midst of difficulties?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 14:9
But the Egyptians pursued after them,.... When they thought nothing of it, and had no fears about it: all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army; by the latter Aben Ezra
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 14:9
And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
Exodus 14:9 But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses [and] chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baalzephon.Ver. 9. But the Egyptians pursued.] And God made fair way before them, till they came into the Red Sea.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
(9) All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh.—Heb., all the chariot-horses of Pharaoh.And his horsemen.—It is questioned whether “horsemen” are really intended here, and suggested that the word used may apply to the “riders” in the chariots. But it certainly means “horsemen” in the later books of Scripture, and, indeed, is the only Hebrew word having exactly that signification. Though the Egyptians do not represent cavalry in any of their battle pieces, yet there is abundant testimony that they employed them. Diodorus Siculus gives his Sesostris 24,000 cavalry to 27,000 chariots (Book i. 54, § 4). Shishak invaded Judæa with 60,000 (2 Chronicles 12:3). Herodotus makes Amasis lead an army on horseback (ii. 162). The Egyptian monuments appear to make frequent mention of cavalry as forming a portion of the armed force. (Records of the Past, vol. ii., pp. 68, 70, 72, 83, &c, vol. iv., 41, 44, 45, &c.) It is suspected that some conventional rules of art prevented the representation of cavalry in the sculptures, which never show us an Egyptian, and but rarely a foreigner, on horseback. And his army—i.e., his infantry. The host of this Pharaoh, like that of Shishak (2 Chronicles 12:3), consisted apparently of the three arms, cavalry infantry, and chariots.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 14:9
9. In the Heb. the order is, ‘And the Egyptians pursued after them, and overtook them encamping by the sea, [all the horses (and) chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army,] by Pi-haḥ ?iroth, before Baal-zephon’; and the awkward position of the bracketed words makes it almost certain that they are a misplace gloss upon ‘the Egyptians,’ suggested by the similar words in Exodus 14:17 b, Exodus 14:18 b, 23b, Exodus 14:26 b, Exodus 14:28. horsemen] so Exodus 14:17-18; Exodus 14:23; Exodus 14:26; Exodus 14:28; Exodus 15:19, Joshua 24:6. The term seems to be an anachronism: the Egyptians used chariots in warfare; and though barbarians are represented on the monuments as fleeing on horseback, ‘we have no representations of Egyptians on horseback’ (Erman, p. 492). ‘For a much later time Egyptian cavalry is indeed attested by Isaiah 31:1; Isaiah 36:9; and so it is the more intelligible, when later Biblical writers presuppose it also for the Mosaic age’ (Di.). There is a similar anachronism in Genesis 50:9.
Barnes' Notes on Exodus 14:9
And his horsemen - See Exodus 14:5.
Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 14:9
9. All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh — Rather, the chariot horses.Three kinds of troops are mentioned, cavalry, chariotry, and infantry.
Sermons on Exodus 14:9
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(Exodus) Exodus 10:21-29 by J. Vernon McGee | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the darkness that fell upon the land of Egypt during the time of Moses. He highlights the miraculous nature of this darkness and how it affect |