Ezekiel 23:23

Ezekiel 23:23 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

King James Version KJV

The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.

American Standard Version ASV

the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; desirable young men, governors and rulers all of them, princes and men of renown, all of them riding upon horses.

Bible in Basic English BBE

The Babylonians and all the Chaldaeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: young men to be desired, captains and rulers all of them, and chiefs, her neighbours, all of them on horseback.

Free Bible Version FBV

the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians along with them—all handsome young men, leaders and commanders, chariot captains and important officers, all riding horses.

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

To wit, the Babylonians, and all the Caldeans, Peked, and Shoah, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: they were all pleasant yong men, captaines and princes: all they were valiant and renoumed, riding vpon horses.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

Sons of Babylon, and of all Chaldea, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, All the sons of Asshur with them, Desirable young men, governors and prefects, All of them — rulers and proclaimed ones, Riding on horses, all of them.

World English Bible WEB

the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young men, governors and rulers, princes and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

The children of Babylon, and all the Chaldeans, the nobles, and the kings, and princes, all the sons of the Assyrians, beautiful young men, all the captains, and rulers, the princes of princes, and the renowned horsemen.

Translation for Translators T4T

soldiers from Babylon and all the other places in Babylonia, andtheir allies from Pekod and Shoa and Koaregions, and all the army of Assyria. Yes, all of them are handsome young men, army officers and commanders, officers who ride in chariots, all riding on horses.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Ezekiel 23:23

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Ezekiel 23:23 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB בְּנֵ֧י בָבֶ֣ל וְ/כָל כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים פְּק֤וֹד וְ/שׁ֨וֹעַ֙ וְ/ק֔וֹעַ כָּל בְּנֵ֥י אַשּׁ֖וּר אוֹתָ֑/ם בַּח֨וּרֵי חֶ֜מֶד פַּח֤וֹת וּ/סְגָנִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔/ם שָֽׁלִשִׁים֙ וּ/קְרוּאִ֔ים רֹכְבֵ֥י סוּסִ֖ים כֻּלָּֽ/ם

בְּנֵ֧י bên H1121 son N-mp

בָבֶ֣ל Bâbel H894 Babylon N-proper

וְ/כָל kôl H3605 all Conj | N-ms

כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים Kasdîy H3778 Chaldea N-proper

פְּק֤וֹד Pᵉqôwd H6489 Pekod N-proper

וְ/שׁ֨וֹעַ֙ Shôwaʻ H7772 Shoa Conj | N-proper

וְ/ק֔וֹעַ Qôwaʻ H6970 Koa Conj | N-proper

כָּל kôl H3605 all N-ms

בְּנֵ֥י bên H1121 son N-mp

אַשּׁ֖וּר ʼAshshûwr H804 Asshur N-proper

אוֹתָ֑/ם ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM | Suff

בַּח֨וּרֵי bâchûwr H970 youth N-mp

חֶ֜מֶד chemed H2531 delight N-ms

פַּח֤וֹת pechâh H6346 governor N-mp

וּ/סְגָנִים֙ çâgân H5461 ruler Conj | N-mp

כֻּלָּ֔/ם kôl H3605 all N-ms | Suff

שָֽׁלִשִׁים֙ shâlîysh H7991 third N-mp

וּ/קְרוּאִ֔ים qârâʼ H7121 to call Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c

רֹכְבֵ֥י râkab H7392 to ride V-Qal

סוּסִ֖ים çûwç H5483 swallow N-mp

כֻּלָּֽ/ם kôl H3605 all N-ms | Suff

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Ezekiel 23:23

בְּנֵ֧י bên H1121 "son" N-mp

In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.

Definition: : child/son

Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.

בָבֶ֣ל Bâbel H894 "Babylon" N-proper

Babel refers to Babylon, a city and empire in the Bible, meaning confusion or mixing. It appears in Genesis 11:9 and is associated with the tower of Babel. The city was situated on the Euphrates River.

Definition: § Babel or Babylon = "confusion (by mixing)" Babel or Babylon, the ancient site and/or capital of Babylonia (modern Hillah) situated on the Euphrates

Usage: Occurs in 233 OT verses. KJV: Babel, Babylon. See also: Genesis 10:10; Jeremiah 29:22; Psalms 87:4.

וְ/כָל kôl H3605 "all" Conj | N-ms

The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.

כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים Kasdîy H3778 "Chaldea" N-proper

Chaldea refers to a region in Mesopotamia and its inhabitants, known for wisdom and astrology, as seen in Daniel 1:4. The Chaldeans lived near the Persian Gulf and were considered wise. They are mentioned in 2 Kings 25:11.

Definition: § Chaldea or Chaldeans = "clod-breakers" 1) a territory in lower Mesopotamia bordering on the Persian Gulf 2) the inhabitants of Chaldea, living on the lower Euphrates and Tigris 3) those persons considered the wisest in the land (by extension)

Usage: Occurs in 80 OT verses. KJV: Chaldeans, Chaldees, inhabitants of Chaldea. See also: Genesis 11:28; Jeremiah 37:13; Isaiah 13:19.

פְּק֤וֹד Pᵉqôwd H6489 "Pekod" N-proper

Pekod is a symbolic name for Babylon, referring to a people in the Babylonian army. It means visitation and is also the name of a tribe in southeast Babylonia. In the KJV, it is simply translated as Pekod.

Definition: Pekod = "visitation" a people in the Babylonian army and a tribe in southeast Babylonia bordering Elam Another name of ba.vel (בָּבֶ֫ל, בָּבֶל "Babylon" H0894)

Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Pekod. See also: Jeremiah 50:21; Ezekiel 23:23.

וְ/שׁ֨וֹעַ֙ Shôwaʻ H7772 "Shoa" Conj | N-proper

Shoa refers to a tribe of nomads from Mesopotamia, known for being rich. They are mentioned in the Bible as an Oriental people, with a name that reflects their wealth.

Definition: § Shoa = "rich" a tribe of nomads of Mesopotamia

Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Shoa. See also: Ezekiel 23:23.

וְ/ק֔וֹעַ Qôwaʻ H6970 "Koa" Conj | N-proper

Koa refers to a region in Babylon, east of the Tigris River, near Elam and Media, mentioned in the KJV Bible.

Definition: § Koa = "he-camel" a territory in Mesopotamia, east of the Tigris, on border of Elam and Media

Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Koa. See also: Ezekiel 23:23.

כָּל kôl H3605 "all" N-ms

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

בְּנֵ֥י bên H1121 "son" N-mp

Definition: : child/son

אַשּׁ֖וּר ʼAshshûwr H804 "Asshur" N-proper

Asshur was the second son of Shem and the ancestor of the Assyrians, mentioned in Genesis 10:22. The name Asshur means 'a step'.

Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22; son of: Shem (H8035); brother of: Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758) § Asshur or Assyria = "a step" 1) the second son of Shem, eponymous ancestor of the Assyrians 2) the people of Assyria 3) the nation, Assyria 4) the land, Assyria or Asshur

Usage: Occurs in 138 OT verses. KJV: Asshur, Assur, Assyria, Assyrians. See H838 (אָשֻׁר). See also: Genesis 2:14; Isaiah 7:20; Psalms 83:9.

אוֹתָ֑/ם ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM | Suff

In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.

Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.

בַּח֨וּרֵי bâchûwr H970 "youth" N-mp

In the Bible, this word refers to a young person, often a chosen or select individual, like a young man in his prime. It appears in various contexts, including descriptions of young soldiers. The term emphasizes the idea of being selected or set apart.

Definition: youth, young man

Usage: Occurs in 45 OT verses. KJV: (choice) young (man), chosen, [idiom] hole. See also: Deuteronomy 32:25; Jeremiah 18:21; Psalms 78:31.

חֶ֜מֶד chemed H2531 "delight" N-ms

This word refers to a strong feeling of delight or pleasure, often used to describe something or someone highly valued. It's about finding joy and happiness in a person, place, or thing. The Bible uses it to talk about the beauty of God's world.

Definition: desire, delight, beauty, desirable, pleasant

Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: desirable, pleasant. See also: Isaiah 27:2; Ezekiel 23:12; Isaiah 32:12.

פַּח֤וֹת pechâh H6346 "governor" N-mp

This Hebrew word refers to a governor or leader of a city or region. In the Bible, it describes officials in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, such as those appointed by King Solomon or King David.

Definition: governor Aramaic equivalent: pe.chah (פֶּחָה "governor" H6347)

Usage: Occurs in 27 OT verses. KJV: captain, deputy, governor. See also: 1 Kings 10:15; Esther 8:9; Isaiah 36:9.

וּ/סְגָנִים֙ çâgân H5461 "ruler" Conj | N-mp

A ruler is a person with authority and power, like a prince or governor. In the Bible, this word is used to describe leaders in Assyria and Babylon, who had control over provinces and people.

Definition: 1) ruler, prefect, governor, a subordinate ruler 1a) prefects (of Assyria and Babylon) 1b) petty rulers or officials Aramaic equivalent: se.gan (סְגַן "prefect" H5460)

Usage: Occurs in 16 OT verses. KJV: prince, ruler. See also: Ezra 9:2; Nehemiah 13:11; Isaiah 41:25.

כֻּלָּ֔/ם kôl H3605 "all" N-ms | Suff

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

שָֽׁלִשִׁים֙ shâlîysh H7991 "third" N-mp

This Hebrew word refers to a high-ranking officer or captain, often carrying a shield. It also describes a musical instrument or a large quantity. The word is used in different contexts, including the stories of King David and his military leaders.

Definition: 1) third part 1a) name of a measure

Usage: Occurs in 18 OT verses. KJV: captain, instrument of musick, (great) lord, (great) measure, prince, three (from the margin). See also: Exodus 14:7; 2 Kings 10:25; Psalms 80:6.

וּ/קְרוּאִ֔ים qârâʼ H7121 "to call" Conj | V-Qal-Inf-c

This Hebrew word means to call out to someone or something, often by name. It's used in many situations, like calling for help or reading aloud. In Genesis, God calls out to Adam in the Garden.

Definition: : call_to/invite/entreat 1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound 1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God) 1a3) to proclaim 1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read 1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow 1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to call oneself 1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named 1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

Usage: Occurs in 689 OT verses. KJV: bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 49:1; Judges 1:26.

רֹכְבֵ֥י râkab H7392 "to ride" V-Qal

This Hebrew verb means to ride an animal or vehicle, and can also mean to place someone or something on a horse or chariot. It is used to describe riding horses or chariots in the Bible.

Definition: 1) to mount and ride, ride 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to mount, mount and sit or ride 1a2) to ride, be riding 1a3) rider (subst) 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to cause to ride, cause to (mount and) ride 1b2) to cause to draw (plough, etc) 1b3) to cause to ride upon (fig)

Usage: Occurs in 75 OT verses. KJV: bring (on (horse-) back), carry, get (oneself) up, on (horse-) back, put, (cause to, make to) ride (in a chariot, on, -r), set. See also: Genesis 24:61; 2 Kings 23:30; Psalms 18:11.

סוּסִ֖ים çûwç H5483 "swallow" N-mp

In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.

Definition: swallow, swift

Usage: Occurs in 130 OT verses. KJV: crane, horse (-back, -hoof). Compare H6571 (פָּרָשׁ). See also: Genesis 47:17; Psalms 76:7; Psalms 20:8.

כֻּלָּֽ/ם kôl H3605 "all" N-ms | Suff

Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Study Notes — Ezekiel 23:23

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Ezekiel 23:23 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 23:23
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 23:23
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23
Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23
Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23
Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 23:23
Barnes' Notes on Ezekiel 23:23
Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23
Sermons on Ezekiel 23:23

Context — Oholibah to Be Plagued

21So you revisited the indecency of your youth, when the Egyptians caressed your bosom and pressed your young breasts. 22Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will incite your lovers against you, those from whom you turned away in disgust. And I will bring them against you from every side—

23the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

24They will come against you with a host of peoples, with weapons, chariots, and wagons. They will array themselves against you on every side with buckler and shield and helmet. I will delegate judgment to them, and they will punish you according to their own standards. 25And I will set My jealous rage against you, and they will deal with you in fury. They will cut off your noses and ears, and your survivors will fall by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your remnant will be consumed by fire.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Jeremiah 50:21	Go up against the land of Merathaim, and against the residents of Pekod. Kill them and devote them to destruction. Do all that I have commanded you,” declares the LORD.
2	2 Kings 24:2	And the LORD sent Chaldean, Aramean, Moabite, and Ammonite raiders against Jehoiakim in order to destroy Judah, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through His servants the prophets.
3	2 Kings 20:14–17	Then the prophet Isaiah went to King Hezekiah and asked, “Where did those men come from, and what did they say to you?” “They came from a distant land,” Hezekiah replied, “from Babylon.” “What have they seen in your palace?” Isaiah asked. “They have seen everything in my palace,” answered Hezekiah. “There is nothing among my treasures that I did not show them.” Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the LORD: The time will surely come when everything in your palace and all that your fathers have stored up until this day will be carried off to Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD.
4	Genesis 2:14	The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it runs along the east side of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
5	Ezekiel 23:12	She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors dressed in splendor, horsemen riding on steeds, all desirable young men.
6	Ezekiel 23:6	clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all desirable young men, horsemen mounted on steeds.
7	Job 1:17	While he was still speaking, another messenger came and reported: “The Chaldeans formed three bands, raided the camels, and took them away. They put the servants to the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you!”
8	Isaiah 23:13	Look at the land of the Chaldeans — a people now of no account. The Assyrians destined it for the desert creatures; they set up their siege towers and stripped its palaces. They brought it to ruin.
9	Genesis 25:18	Ishmael’s descendants settled from Havilah to Shur, which is near the border of Egypt as you go toward Asshur. And they lived in hostility toward all their brothers.
10	Ezra 6:22	For seven days they kept the Feast of Unleavened Bread with joy, because the LORD had made them joyful and turned the heart of the king of Assyria toward them to strengthen their hands in the work on the house of the God of Israel.

Ezekiel 23:23 Summary

This verse is talking about the armies that God will use to judge His people for their sins. The Babylonians, Chaldeans, and other nations will come against them with strong and powerful warriors, as a form of judgment. This shows us that God is in control of all nations and armies, and He will use them to accomplish His purposes, as we see in Jeremiah 25:9 and Romans 9:17. We can learn from this that God is a holy and just God who will not tolerate sin, and we should turn to Him in repentance and faith, as in Acts 2:38 and 1 John 1:9.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who are the Babylonians and Chaldeans mentioned in Ezekiel 23:23?

The Babylonians and Chaldeans were powerful nations that lived in the region of Babylon, which is now modern-day Iraq, as mentioned in 2 Kings 24:1 and Isaiah 13:19.

What is the significance of the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa in this verse?

The men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa were likely allied tribes or nations that joined forces with the Babylonians and Chaldeans, similar to the alliances formed in Jeremiah 51:1 and Ezekiel 32:23-24.

Why does the verse emphasize that these men are desirable young men, governors, and commanders?

The emphasis on their desirable youth and leadership positions highlights the strength and prestige of the armies that God will use to judge His people, as seen in Deuteronomy 28:25 and Isaiah 5:26.

How does this verse relate to God's judgment on His people?

This verse is part of a larger passage where God is pronouncing judgment on His people for their sins, using the Babylonians and other nations as instruments of His judgment, as seen in Ezekiel 22:31 and Jeremiah 6:19.

Reflection Questions

What does this verse reveal about God's sovereignty over the nations and their armies?
How does the description of these men as 'desirable young men' and 'men of renown' relate to the pride and arrogance that often precede God's judgment, as seen in Proverbs 16:18 and 1 Peter 5:5?
In what ways can we see God's judgment as a call to repentance, as in Ezekiel 18:30-32 and Matthew 4:17?
How can we apply the lesson of this verse to our own lives, recognizing that God is the One who raises up and brings down nations and leaders, as in Psalm 75:7 and Daniel 2:21?

Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 23:23

The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans,.... Both the inhabitants of the city of Babylon, called in the Hebrew text the children of Babylon, and all the inhabitants of the several parts of the country

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 23:23

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23

The Babylonians and Chaldeans; these are known. Pekod, & c.: some reckon these the titles of some of the great commanders in this army, which come against Jerusalem, but they are names of distinct countries or provinces under the Babylonish government; and so Pekod is the province between Tigris and Lycus rivers, in this was old Nineveh, and was the principal province of the kingdom; though some others think Pekod was Bactriana, now called Usbeck, and Corassan, fierce, thievish, and barbarous of old. Shoa; either Sia in Armenia, or the Sohai, among which were the Adiabeni; and this contained the middle part of the kingdom of Babylon, and was Assyria Mediana. Koa bordered on Media; the inhabitants were called Kohai, and dwelt about Arbel, or Arbelis, or Arbela, and comprehended Ganyamela, where a fortress Ganga looks like this Koa, being easily changed from Koa to Ganga by change of the original letters q into "G," and e into "G"; a people too like enough to be cruel and barbarous by their very situation. And all; all these sons or subjects of the Assyrian monarchy, or confederates. Desirable young men, & c.: most of these are already explained , where they were objects of love, now they are objects of terror; so God turns the occasions of men’ s sins into occasions of greater terror and punishment. Renowned, Heb. called, or invited, first by the Jews to sin with them, , now called of God to punish their fellow sinners.

Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23

Ezekiel 23:23 The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, [and] all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.Ver. 23. Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa.] The inhabitants of these several countries, subject to the Babylonians. See Jeremiah 50:21. Koa is by Strabo called Gaugamela.

Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23

(23) Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa.—These words were taken as proper names by our translators, and are still considered by some as indicating small Chaldæan tribes; but it is better, with the Vulg. and most modern commentators, to understand them as the names of officers, “rulers, lords, and nobles.” Shoa is translated “crying” in Isaiah 22:5, “liberal” in Isaiah 32:5, and “rich” in Job 34:19; while Pekod is rendered “visitation” in the margin of Jer 50:21.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23

Verse 23. Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa] פקוד ושוע וקוע. These names have been thought to designate certain people bordering on the Chaldeans; but no geographer has ever been able to find them out. In our old translations these names were considered appellatives - rulers, mighty men, and tyrants. Others, following the literal import of the words, have translated, visiting, shouting, and retreating. Others have applied them to the habits of the Chaldean soldiers. Pekod signifying the muster or review of armies; Shoa, the magnificence of their uniform and arms; and Koa, the marks or embroidery of the clothes of the captains and generals. Grotius thought that they might be names of contiguous nations: Pekod, the Bactrians; Shoa, a people of Armenia; and Boa, the Medes. I have nothing to add that would satisfy myself, or be edifying to my readers.

Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 23:23

23. On these peoples cf. Del. Parad., pp. 182, 236, 240. According to this writer the names appear in the inscriptions as Pukûdu, Sutu or Su and Kutu or Ku, and are names of peoples lying east of the Tigris and on the confines of Elam or Persia. “Captains and rulers,” governors and satraps, Ezekiel 23:6; Ezekiel 23:12. “Great lords,” heroes, Ezekiel 23:15. and renowned] Perhaps: chiefs. The word is parallel to “princes” Numbers 1:16, lit. “called men,” cf. Amos 6:1.

Barnes' Notes on Ezekiel 23:23

Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa - Possibly words expressive of rank, or names of small Chaldaean tribes, selected for their resemblance to expressive Hebrew words.

Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 23:23

FOR ALL THIS OF LUST A FIERCE SHALL BE EXACTED. THESE TITLED IN BLUE SHALL TURN AGAINST HER WITH THEIR WEAPONS AND THE HORSES WHICH SHE HAD SO ADMIRED (Ezekiel 23:12; Ezekiel 23:23-24), AND ALL HER

Sermons on Ezekiel 23:23

	Sermon	Description
	Though He Slay Me, Yet Will I Trust Him by Charles E. Fuller	The video is a sermon transcript that begins with a young boy expressing his gratitude for being a Christian and his desire for his father to be saved. The sermon then transitions
	Our Daily Homily - Ezra by F.B. Meyer	F.B. Meyer emphasizes the divine stirring of Cyrus as a fulfillment of prophecy, highlighting the importance of prayer and obedience in responding to God's call. He reflects on the
	The Lord Had Made Them Joyful, and Turned by F.B. Meyer	F.B. Meyer emphasizes that God has the power to turn the hearts of men, as demonstrated in the lives of biblical figures like Joseph, Moses, and Daniel. He encourages believers to

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Ezekiel 23:23

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