1 Chronicles 2:5 — Word Study
WLCבְּנֵי־ פֶ֖רֶץ חֶצְר֥וֹן וְחָמֽוּל׃ ס
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of PerezPerets [Pharez, breach] HezronChetsrôwn [surrounded by a wall] and HamulChâmûwl [spared, protected]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּנֵי־ | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| פֶ֖רֶץ | Perez | Noun proper masculine |
| חֶצְר֥וֹן | Hezron | Noun proper masculine |
| וְחָמֽוּל׃ ס | and Hamul | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. |
| KJV | The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul. |
| ASV | The sons of Perez: Hezron, and Hamul. |
| YLT | Sons of Pharez: Hezron, and Hamul. |
| WEB | The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. |
| BBE | The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. |
Where they part company is פֶ֖רֶץ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with two noun phrases, clearly listing the descendants.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 2:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lineage of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 2:5 identifies the sons of Perez, Hezron and Hamul, as part of the genealogical record of Judah. This lineage is significant as it traces the ancestry of key figures in Israel's history, linking them to the tribe of Judah and ultimately to the lineage of David. The context emphasizes the importance of family and heritage in the Israelite culture, as seen in the surrounding verses that mention other descendants of Judah.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 46:12 | The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. |
| 2 | Numbers 26:21 | And these were the descendants of Perez: the Hezronite clan from Hezron and the Hamulite clan from Hamul. |
| 3 | Ruth 4:18 | Now these are the generations of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron, |
| 4 | Matthew 1:3 | Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram. |
| 5 | Luke 3:33 | the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בֵּן, be.nei-generated
The word בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'descendant' and encompasses a range of meanings, including grandson and even figurative uses like qualities or characteristics. It establishes familial relationships and inheritance, reflecting the importance of lineage in the biblical narrative.
As a masculine plural construct, it indicates multiple sons or descendants, emphasizing the continuation of family lines. This term appears frequently throughout the Old Testament, underscoring its role in genealogies and family histories.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is absent in this genealogical statement; the structure consists of a noun phrase subject בְּנֵי־ פֶ֖רֶץ (the sons of Perez) followed by a noun phrase predicate identifying the sons, חֶצְר֥וֹן וְחָמֽוּל (Hezron and Hamul).
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the descendants of Perez, establishing their identity clearly at the beginning of the statement.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בְּנֵי־ as υἱοὶ (huioi), meaning 'sons', which carries the same familial implication as in the Hebrew. This choice reflects the continuity of meaning across translations.
For פֶ֖רֶץ, the LXX uses φαρες (pharēs), aligning with the Hebrew name while adapting to Greek phonetics, indicating the importance of preserving the lineage's identity.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:5 tells us about the sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. This verse is part of a genealogical record that traces the lineage of Judah, showing the importance of family and heritage in the biblical narrative.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul, as stated in 1 Chronicles 2:5.
The name Perez means 'breach', and he was the son of Judah and Tamar.
Genealogy is important in the Bible as it establishes family ties, inheritance rights, and fulfills God's promises regarding lineage.
Hezron and Hamul are also mentioned in Genesis 46:12, where their lineage is further established.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance does family lineage hold in my own life?
- How can understanding genealogies in the Bible deepen my faith?
- What can I learn from the lives of Hezron and Hamul?
- In what ways does my heritage influence my identity today?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 2:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe sons of Pharez,.... One of the above twins, born to Judah: Hezron and Hamul; see Genesis 46:12.
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Tamar his daughter in law bare him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5) The sons of Pharez.—From Gen. xlvi 12, which also names the five sons of Judah. Numbers 26:21 mentions the clans (mishpahath) of the Hezronites and Hamulites, as registered in a census held by Moses.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. The sons of Pharez] So Genesis 46:12.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
Tyndale line
The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Hezron, and Hamul.
The sons of Perez; Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul.
The sonnes of Pharez, Hezron and Hamul.
Strictly literal
The sons of Pherez: Hezron and Hamul.
Sons of Pharez: Hezron, and Hamul.
Sons of Perez: Hezron, and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Chezron and Chamul.
Perez's sons were Hezron and Hamul.
From the Latin
And the sons of Phares, were Hesron and Hamul.
Simplified
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the sons of Perez as Hezron and Hamul. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text, matching all four words in the verse, although the word order and articles differ due to the nature of the Greek translation. There are no significant differences in the content of this verse among the witnesses.
בְּנֵי־ פֶ֖רֶץ חֶצְר֥וֹן וְחָמֽוּל׃ ס
4 of the 4 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 2:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פֶּ֫רֶץ (Perets) refers to a male name meaning 'breach' and is primarily associated with a son of Judah and Tamar, mentioned in Genesis 38:29. He is the brother of Zerah and the father of Hezron and Hamul, linking him to the lineage of David. The name appears in various contexts, including geographical references.
פֶּ֫רֶץ n.pr.
m. son of Judah and Tamar
loc. in
פֶּ׳ עֻזָּא near Jerus.
הַר פְּרָצִים
base
H6557 פֶּ֫רֶץ n.pr. . m. son of Judah and Tamar
. loc.
6557 Perets peh'-rets
the same as 6556; Perets, the name of two
Israelites:--Perez, Pharez.
see HEBREW for 06556
פֶּ֫רֶץ (pe.rets) — Perez.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.38.29;
son of: Judah (H3063) and Tamar (H8559);
brother of: Zerah (H2226I);
half-brother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956);
father of: Hezron (H2696H) and Hamul (H2538)
§ Perez or Pharez = "breach"
twin son with Zarah of Judah by Tamar and ancestor of two families of Judah, the Hezronites and Hamulites; from the Hezronites came the royal line of David and Christ
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Perez
=Pharez, (q.v.), breach, the son of Judah (Neh. 11:4). “The chief of all the captains of the host for the first month” in the reign of David was taken from his family (1 Chr. 27:3). Four hundred and sixty-eight of his “sons” came back from captivity with Zerubbabel, who himself was one of them (1 Chr. 9:4; Neh. 11:6).
(breach). The "children of Perez," or Pharez, the son of Judah, appear to have been a family of importance for many centuries. (1 Chronicles 27:3; Nehemiah 11:4,6)
divided
Perez-Uzza
division of Uzza, or of strength
→ See PHAREZ
חֶצְרוֹן (Chetsrown) refers to both a geographical location in the extreme south of Judah and two individuals: Hezron, a son of Reuben and a son of Perez, grandson of Judah. The name is interpreted as meaning 'surrounded by a wall.' There is some overlap in the references to Hezron as a location and a person, indicating its significance in both contexts.
חֶצְרוֹן, חֶצְרֹן n.pr.loc. et pers.
n. pr. loc.
place in extreme south of Judah
another town of Judah in south
n. pr. m.
son of Reuben
son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah
base
H2696 חֶצְרוֹן, חֶצְרֹן . n. pr. loc. . place in extreme south of Judah
. another town of Judah in south
. n. pr. m. . son of Reuben
. son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah
2696 Chetsrown khets-rone'
from 2691; court-yard; Chetsron, the name of a place in
Palestine; also of two Israelites:--Hezron.
see HEBREW for 02691
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — Hezron.
A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.9;
son of: Reuben (H7205);
brother of: Hanoch (H2585J), Pallu (H6396) and Carmi (H3756)
§ Hezron = "surrounded by a wall"
1) a son of Reuben
2) a son of Pharez and grandson of Judah
3) a place in the extreme south of Judah
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — Hezron.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.12;
son of: Perez (H6557);
brother of: Hamul (H2538); married to daughter_of_Machir (H4353I) and Abiah (H0029J);
father of: Ram (H7410), Jerahmeel (H3396), Caleb (H3612H), Segub (H7687H) and Ashhur (H0806)
§ Hezron = "surrounded by a wall"
1) a son of Reuben
2) a son of Pharez and grandson of Judah
3) a place in the extreme south of Judah
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — (Kerioth)-hezron.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Hezron
Enclosed. (1.) One of the sons of Reuben (Gen. 46:9; Ex. 6:14). (2.) The older of the two sons of Pharez (Gen. 46:12). (3.) A plain in the south of Judah, west of Kadesh-barnea (Josh. 15:3).
(surrounded by a wall). A son of Reuben. (Genesis 46:9; Exodus 6:14) A son of Pharez. (Genesis 46:12; Ruth 4:18)
the dart of joy; the division of the song
חָמוּל (Chamuwl) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically the grandson of Judah, and is noted for being 'spared.' He is mentioned in Genesis 46:12 as the son of Perez and brother of Hezron. The name is linked to the concept of being pitied or spared, and it can also refer to his descendants, the Hamulites.
חָמוּל n.pr.m. (spared) grandson of Judah
base
H2538 חָמוּל (spared) grandson of Judah
2538 Chamuwl khaw-mool'
from 2550; pitied; Chamul, an Israelite:--Hamul.
see HEBREW for 02550
חָמוּל (cha.mul) — Hamul.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.12;
son of: Perez (H6557);
brother of: Hezron (H2696H)
Also named: cha.mu.li (חָמוּלִי "Hamulite" H2539)
§ Hamul = "spared"
the younger son of Pharez, Judah's son by Tamar
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Hamul
Spared, one of the sons of Pharez, son of Judah (1 Chr. 2:5). His descendants are called Hamulites (Num. 26:21).
(pitied), the younger son of Pharez, Judah’s son by Tamar. (Genesis 46:12; 1 Chronicles 2:5) (B.C. between 1706-1688.)
godly; merciful