1 Chronicles 3:18 — Word Study
WLCוּמַלְכִּירָ֥ם וּפְדָיָ֖ה וְשֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר יְקַמְיָ֥ה הוֹשָׁמָ֖ע וּנְדַבְיָֽה׃
BSAMalchiramMalkîyrâm△ [my king is high] PedaiahPᵉdâyâh [Jehovah has ransomed] ShenazzarShenʼatstsar△ [splendid leader] JekamiahYᵉqamyâh [Jehovah raises] HoshamaHôwshâmâʻ△ [whom Jehovah hears] and NedabiahNᵉdabyâh△ [one who offers freely to God]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמַלְכִּירָ֥ם | and Malkiram | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וּפְדָיָ֖ה | and Pedaiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְשֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר | and Shenazzar | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| יְקַמְיָ֥ה | Jekamiah | Noun proper masculine |
| הוֹשָׁמָ֖ע | Hoshama | Noun proper masculine |
| וּנְדַבְיָֽה׃ | and Nedabiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. |
| KJV | Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. |
| ASV | and Malchiram, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. |
| YLT | also Malchiram and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. |
| WEB | Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. |
| BBE | And Malchiram and Pedaiah and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama and Nedabiah. |
The translations agree on the names listed, with no significant variations.
The verse presents a single main clause listing names, characteristic of genealogical records.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
4 of 6 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 3:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Jehoiachingenerated
1 Chronicles 3:18 provides a list of names that represent the lineage of Jehoiachin, a king of Judah. These names are significant as they trace the royal line and indicate the heritage of the Jewish people during the time of the Divided Monarchy. The chronicler emphasizes the importance of these individuals in the context of Israel's history.
Cross References
The Key Word — מַלְכִּירָם, u.mal.ki.Ramgenerated
The name מַלְכִּירָם (Malkiyram) means 'my king is high.' It is derived from the roots for 'king' and 'high/exalted,' indicating a noble lineage. This name is associated with a descendant of King Jehoiachin, highlighting the royal heritage of Judah.
Malkiram's mention in 1 Chronicles 3:18 places him within a significant genealogical context, underscoring the continuity of the Davidic line.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the names listed in this verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of this verse is straightforward, presenting a list of names in a noun phrase format. The finite verb is absent, as the focus is on the enumeration of descendants.
The names are presented in a series, linked by conjunctions, which is typical of genealogical listings in Hebrew prose.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מַלְכִּירָם as μελξιραμ, maintaining the personal name without significant alteration. This shows a direct correspondence in the translation process.
The other names follow suit, indicating a consistent approach to rendering these Hebrew names into Greek, preserving their original meanings.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 3:18 lists the names of the descendants of Jehoiachin, a king of Judah. Each name has a specific meaning that reflects their heritage and significance in the royal line of Judah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
These names represent the royal lineage of Judah, connecting back to King David and highlighting the continuity of the Davidic line.
Genealogies establish the legitimacy of claims to leadership and fulfillments of God's promises regarding the lineage of the Messiah.
Jehoiachin was a king of Judah who was taken captive to Babylon, and his descendants are significant in the history of Israel.
Pedaiah means 'Jehovah has ransomed,' indicating a theme of redemption associated with his lineage.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do these names reflect the history of the Jewish people?
- What can we learn about the importance of lineage from this verse?
- In what ways do the meanings of these names inspire us today?
- How does understanding genealogies enhance our reading of the Bible?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 3:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMalchiram also,.... That is, was a son of Jeconiah as well as Salathiel, and so the rest that follow: and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah; Kimchi says these were the sons of
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMalchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. Malchiram also.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMalchiram also, and Pedaiah: the sentence seems to be short and imperfect, as is frequent in the Hebrew language, and something is here understood, as, the sons also of Salathiel were Malchiram and Pedaiah, &c., as they gather from hence, that the same Zerubbabel is called the son of Pedaiah, , and the son (i.e. the grandson) of Salathiel, . Or Malchiram and the rest here named were the sons of Jeconiah; and they are differing Zerubbabels, which are mentioned here, ; of which see the notes on those places.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 3:18 Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.Ver. 18. Malchiram also.] It is doubtful whether these were the sons of Jeconiah, or of Salathiel.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) Malchiram also, and Pedaiah.—According to our present Hebrew text these six persons, arranged as two trios, are sons of Jeconiah, and brothers of Shealtiel. Shenazar—Heb., Shen’azzar; LXX., Σανεσάρ—is a compound Babylonian name, like Belteshazzar (Daniel 1:7), of which the last part means “protect,” and the first is, perhaps, “Sin” (comp. Σαναχάριβος), the moon-god. Such a name as “Sin protect” may well have been given to this Jewish prince at the court of Babylon, just as Daniel and his three companions received idolatrous designations of the same sort from Nebuchadnezzar. This fact seems to support our rendering of the word Assir (1 Chronicles 3:17). Hoshama.—A contraction of…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 3 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Malchiram also] Calmet supposes we should read here, And the sons of Salathiel were Malchiram and Pedaiah, &c.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. Malchiram also] R.V. and Malchiram. Shenazar, Jecamiah] R.V. Shenazzar, Jekamiah.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Tyndale line
Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
and Malchiram, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
and Malchiram, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Malchiram also and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Iecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Strictly literal
Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
also Malchiram and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
also Malchiram and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
And Malkiram, and Pedayah, and Shenazzar, Jekamyah, Hoshama', and Nedabyah.
Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
From the Latin
Melchiram, Phadaia, Senneser and Jecemia, Sama, and Nadabia.
Simplified
Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
And Malchiram and Pedaiah and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama and Nedabiah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is consistent with the Septuagint in listing four of the six names. The word-by-word correspondence confirms that the essential names are preserved across both texts, with variations in word order.
וּמַלְכִּירָ֥ם וּפְדָיָ֖ה וְשֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר יְקַמְיָ֥ה הוֹשָׁמָ֖ע וּנְדַבְיָֽה׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 3:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מַלְכִּירָם (Malkiyram) is a personal name meaning 'my king is high,' derived from roots meaning 'king' and 'high/exalted.' It refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically the son of Jehoiachin, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:18. The entries consistently identify him as an Israelite during the Divided Monarchy.
מַלְכִּירָם n.pr.m. son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high);—1 Ch 3:18.
ref
H4443 מַלְכִּירָם
4443 Malkiyram mal-kee-rawm'
from 4428 and 7311; king of a high one (i.e. of exaltation);
Malkiram, an Israelite:--Malchiram.
see HEBREW for 04428
see HEBREW for 07311
מַלְכִּירָם (mal.ki.ram) — Malchiram.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Pedaiah (H6305H), Shenazzar (H8137), Jekamiah (H3359H), Hoshama (H1953) and Nedabiah (H5072)
§ Malchiram = "my king is high"
son of king Jehoiachin of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
פְּדָיָהוּ (Pdayah) means "Jehovah has ransomed" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Notably, Pedaiah is mentioned as the father of Zerubbabel and the father-in-law of King Josiah. He appears during the Divided Monarchy and the Exile and Return periods, with references in 1 Chronicles, 2 Kings, and Nehemiah.
פְּדָיָהוּ, פְּדָיָה n.pr.m. (י׳ hath ransomed)
father-in-law of Josiah
father of Zerub.
a
Benjamite
Levite
Manassite
base
H6305 פְּדָיָהוּ, פְּדָיָה
6305 Pdayah ped-aw-yaw'
or Pdayahuw {ped-aw-yaw'-hoo}; from 6299 and 3050; Jah has
ransomed; Pedajah, the name of six Israelites:--Pedaiah.
see HEBREW for 06299
see HEBREW for 03050
פְּדָיָהוּ (pe.da.yah) — Pedaiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ki.23.36;
father of: Zebidah (H2080)
§ Pedaiah = "Jehovah has ransomed"
1) father of Zebudah, the wife of king Josiah and the mother of king Jehoiakim both of Judah
2) father of Zerubbabel and brother of Shealtiel who is usually called the father of Zerubbabel probably because of a lack of an heir from Shealtiel who was in the direct line of succession
פְּדָיָהוּ (pe.da.yah) — Pedaiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Malchiram (H4443), Shenazzar (H8137), Jekamiah (H3359H), Hoshama (H1953) and Nedabiah (H5072);
father of: Zerubbabel (H2216) and Shimei (H8096J)
§ Pedaiah = "Jehovah has ransomed"
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
pe-da'-ya, pe-di'-a (pedhayahu, "Yah redeems"):
(1) Father of Joel, who was ruler of Western Manasseh in David's reign (1Ch 27:20). Form pedhayah (see above).
(2) Pedaiah of Rumah (2Ki 23:36), father of Zebudah, Jehoiakim's mother.
(3) A son of Jeconiah (1Ch 3:18); in 1Ch 3:19 the father of Zerubbabel. Pedaiah's brother, Shealtiel, is also called father of Zerubbabel (Ezr 3:2; but in 1Ch 3:17 the King James Version spelled "Salathiel"). There may have been two cousins, or even different individuals may be referred to under Shealtiel and Salathiel respectively.
Pedaiah
Redemption of the Lord. (1.) The father of Zebudah, who was the wife of Josiah and mother of king Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:36).
(2.) The father of Zerubbabel (1 Chr. 3:17-19).
(3.). The father of Joel, ruler of the half-tribe of Manasseh (1 Chr. 27:20).
(4.) Neh. 3:25.
(5.) A Levite (8:4).
(6.) A Benjamite (11:7).
(7.) A Levite (13:13).
(whom Jehovah redeems). The father of Zebudah, mother of King Jehoiakim. (2 Kings 23:38) (B.C. before 648.) The brother of Salathiel or Shealtiel and father of Zerubbabel who is usually called the "son of Shealtiel," being, as Lord A. Hervey conjectures, in reality his uncle’s successor and heir, in consequence Of the failure of issue in the direct line. (1 Chronicles 3:17-19) (B.C. before 536.) Son of Parosh, that is, one of the family or that name, who assisted Nehemiah in repairing the walls of Jerusalem. (Nehemiah 3:25) (B.C. about 446.) Apparently a priest; one of those who stood on the left hand of Ezra when he read the law to the people. (Nehemiah 8:4) (B.C. 445.) A…
redemption of the Lord
שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר (Shenatstsar) is a proper name of Babylonian origin, referring to a man from the tribe of Judah mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:18. He is described as a descendant of King Jehoiachin and the uncle of Zerubbabel, with the name meaning 'splendid leader.'
שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר n.pr.m. uncle of Zerub. 1 Ch 3:18
ref
H8137 שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר
8137 Shenatstsar shen-ats-tsar'
apparently of Babylonian origin; Shenatstsar, an
Israelite:--Senazar.
שֶׁנְאַצַּ֑ר (shen.ats.tsar) — Shenazzar.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Malchiram (H4443), Pedaiah (H6305H), Jekamiah (H3359H), Hoshama (H1953) and Nedabiah (H5072)
§ Shenazar = "splendid leader"
a Judaite of the royal line, son or grandson of king Jehoiachin of Judah and uncle of Zerubbabel
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
she-naz'-ar (shen'atstsar): A son of Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) and uncle of Zerubbabel (1Ch 3:18, Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus Sanesar; Lucian, Sanasar; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Sennaser, Senneser). It is highly probable that Sheshbazzar (Ezr 1:8,11), "the prince of Judah," and Shenazzar are identical (so Meyer, Rothstein, etc.). The name is difficult; some suggest a corruption of shushbalatstsar, and as equivalent to Sin-usur, "Sin (the moon-god) protect."
יְקַמְיָה (Yqamyah) means 'Jehovah raises' and refers to two individuals from the tribe of Judah during the Divided Monarchy. The name is derived from the roots meaning 'to rise' and 'Jah' (short for Jehovah). Both entries highlight its connection to notable ancestors and its significance in the lineage of Judah.
יְקַמְיָה n.pr.m. in Judah
base
H3359 יְקַמְיָה
3359 Yqamyah yek-am-yaw'
from 6965 and 3050; Jah will rise; Jekamjah, the name of two
Israelites:--Jekamiah. Compare 3079.
see HEBREW for 06965
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03079
יְקַמְיָה (ye.qam.yah) — Jekamiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.41;
son of: Shallum (H7967I);
father of: Elishama (H0476J)
§ Jecamiah or Jekamiah = "Jehovah raises"
1) a descendant of Judah, son of Shallum in the line of Ahlai
2) a descendant of David and one of the seven introduced into the royal line on the failure of it in the person of Jehoiachin
יְקַמְיָה (ye.qam.yah) — Jekamiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Malchiram (H4443), Pedaiah (H6305H), Shenazzar (H8137), Hoshama (H1953) and Nedabiah (H5072)
§ Jecamiah or Jekamiah = "Jehovah raises"
1) a descendant of Judah, son of Shallum in the line of Ahlai
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(whom Jehovah gathers), son of Shallum, in the line of Ahlai. (1 Chronicles 2:41) (B.C. about 588.)
establishing, or revenging, of the Lord
→ A descendant of Jerahmeel 1Ch 2:41
יְהוֹשָׁמָע (Hoshama) means 'whom Jehovah hears' and refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:18. The name is derived from the elements meaning 'Jehovah' and 'to hear.' Hoshama is noted as a descendant of Jeconiah, the penultimate king of Judah.
[יְהוֹשָׁמָע] only abbrev. (or txt. err.) הוֹשָׁמָע n.pr.m. (י׳ hath heard)—a descendant of the royal house of Judah 1 Ch 3:18
ref
H1953 יְהוֹשָׁמָע, הוֹשָׁמָע
1953 Howshama` ho-shaw-maw'
from 3068 and 8085; Jehovah has heard; Hoshama, an
Israelite:--Hoshama.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 08085
יְהוֹשָׁמָע (ho.sha.ma) — Hoshama.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?), Malchiram (H4443), Pedaiah (H6305H), Shenazzar (H8137), Jekamiah (H3359H) and Nedabiah (H5072)
§ Hoshama = "whom Jehovah hears"
one of the sons of Jeconiah or Jehoiachin, the next to last king of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
hosh'-a-ma, ho-sha'-ma (hoshama`, abbreviated from yehoshama`, "whom Yahweh heareth"): One of the sons or descendants of Jeconiah, the captive king of Judah (1Ch 3:18).
(whom Jehovah hears), one of the sons of Jeconiah or Jehoiachin, the last king but one of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:18)
heard; he obeys
→ Son of Jeconiah, king of Judah 1Ch 3:18
נְדַבְיָה (Nedabiah) is a Hebrew name meaning 'whom Jehovah impels.' It is derived from the roots for 'generosity' and 'Yah' (God). The name refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically a son of Jehoiachin, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:18. The entries consistently identify Nedabiah as an Israelite with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
נְדַבְיָה n.pr.m. (whom Yah impels);—son of Jeconiah 1Ch 3:18.
ref
H5072 נְדַבְיָה
5072 Ndabyah ned-ab-yaw'
from 5068 and 3050; largess of Jah; Nedabjah, an
Israelite:--Nedabiah.
see HEBREW for 05068
see HEBREW for 03050
נְדַבְיָה (ne.dav.yah) — Nedabiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.18;
son of: Shealtiel (H7597A)(?);
brother of: Malchiram (H4443), Pedaiah (H6305H), Shenazzar (H8137), Jekamiah (H3359H) and Hoshama (H1953)
§ Nedabiah = "whom Jehovah impels"
one of the sons of king Jehoiachin (Jeconiah) of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ned-a-bi'-a (nedhabhyah): A descendant of David (1Ch 3:18).
Nedabiah
Moved of Jehovah, one of the sons of Jeconiah (1 Chr. 3:18).
(whom Jehovah impels) apparently one of the sons of Jeconiah or Jehoiachin, king of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:18)
prince or vow of the Lord