1 Samuel 28:24 — Word Study
WLCוְלָאִשָּׁ֤ה עֵֽגֶל־ מַרְבֵּק֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת וַתְּמַהֵ֖ר וַתִּזְבָּחֵ֑הוּ וַתִּקַּח־ קֶ֣מַח וַתָּ֔לָשׁ וַתֹּפֵ֖הוּ מַצּֽוֹת׃
BSAThe womanʼishshâh [female person, wife] had a fattenedmarbêq [young male, nearly grown] calfʻêgel [a young male calf] at her housebayith [dwelling place, family home] and she quicklymâhar▸ [hastened, was in a rush] slaughtered itzâbach▸ [killed, sacrificed] She also tooklâqach▸ [got, obtained] flourqemach [finely ground grain] kneaded itlûwsh▸ [worked, mixed] and bakedʼâphâh▸ [cooked, prepared] unleavened breadmatstsâh [sweet bread without yeast]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְלָאִשָּׁ֤ה | and [belonged] to the woman | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| עֵֽגֶל־ | a calf of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מַרְבֵּק֙ | [the] stall | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּבַּ֔יִת | in the house | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וַתְּמַהֵ֖ר | and she made haste | Verb, Piel, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וַתִּזְבָּחֵ֑הוּ | and she slaughtered it | Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, suffix |
| וַתִּקַּח־ | and she took | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| קֶ֣מַח | flour | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַתָּ֔לָשׁ | and she kneaded [it] | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וַתֹּפֵ֖הוּ | and she baked it | Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, suffix |
| מַצּֽוֹת׃ | unleavened bread | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She also took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread. |
| KJV | And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: |
| ASV | And the woman had a fatted calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: |
| YLT | And the woman hath a calf of the stall in the house, and she hasteth and slaughtereth it, and taketh flour, and kneadeth, and baketh it unleavened things, |
| WEB | The woman had a fattened calf in the house. She hurried and killed it; and she took flour and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread of it. |
| BBE | And the woman had in the house a young cow, made fat for food; and she put it to death straight away; and she took meal and got it mixed and made unleavened bread; |
Where they part company is מַרְבֵּק — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several actions that follow, showing the woman's swift response.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָהַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Samuel 28:24
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Encounter with the Woman at Endorgenerated
1 Samuel 28:24 describes a woman who, upon receiving Saul, quickly prepares a meal by slaughtering a fattened calf and baking unleavened bread. This act illustrates her hospitality and the urgency of the moment, as Saul is in a desperate situation. The preparation of food is a significant cultural gesture, reflecting care and respect for the guest, even in dire circumstances.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 18:7–8 | Meanwhile, Abraham ran to the herd, selected a tender and choice calf, and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it. |
| 2 | Luke 15:23 | Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֵֽגֶל, 'e.gel-generated
The word עֵֽגֶל ('e.gel) refers to a young male calf, specifically one that is nearly grown. It is often used in the context of sacrifices and is significant in various biblical narratives, including those involving offerings and feasts.
In this verse, the calf symbolizes provision and the act of sacrifice. The choice of a fattened calf indicates a special meal, highlighting the importance of the occasion for both the woman and Saul.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is וַתְּמַהֵ֖ר, and she made haste, which governs the actions that follow: slaughtering the calf, taking flour, kneading, and baking. This structure emphasizes the urgency of her actions.
The sentence begins with the subject וְלָאִשָּׁ֤ה and the noun phrase עֵֽגֶל־ מַרְבֵּק֙, indicating that the woman is the one who owns the calf and is responsible for the subsequent actions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֵֽגֶל as δάμαλις, which refers to a heifer or young cow, indicating a similar understanding of the animal's significance in sacrifice and hospitality.
This choice of word in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may carry a slightly different connotation in the Greek context, emphasizing the animal's readiness for sacrifice.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Samuel 28:24 tells us that a woman had a fattened calf at her house. She quickly slaughtered it and prepared unleavened bread. This shows her hospitality and the urgency of the situation, as she serves Saul and his servants a special meal.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The fattened calf represents a special provision and hospitality, indicating the importance of the meal being prepared for Saul.
The urgency reflects the dire situation Saul is in, as he seeks help and guidance from the woman.
Unleavened bread is often associated with purity and the Passover festival, symbolizing simplicity and a lack of corruption.
In biblical times, providing a meal for a guest was a significant act of hospitality, demonstrating care and respect for the visitor.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this woman's quick action teach us about hospitality in times of urgency?
- How can we apply the concept of providing for others in our own lives?
- What significance does the choice of food have in this narrative?
- In what ways can we prepare ourselves to serve others when they are in need?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Bede comments on this verse, noting the significance of the woman's actions in preparing a meal, drawing parallels to Abraham and Sarah's hospitality.
But that woman had a Paschal calf in her house, etc. The most tender and excellent calf, and fine flour bread, which Abraham and Sarah prepared to refresh the Lord during the fervent midday sun (Gen.Early Church Fathers on 1 Samuel 28 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Samuel 28:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the woman had a fat calf in the house,.... This was reckoned a very dainty dish in those countries, and fit for any guests, see Genesis 18:7; Josephus says (l), she vouchsafed to feed and take
Read John Gill on 1 Samuel 28 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: The woman had a fat calf in the house.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Samuel 28 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Samuel 28:24 And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded [it], and did bake unleavened bread thereof:Ver. 24. And she hasted, and killed it.] That he might go safe out of her house, and she not be questioned for his death, as she might have been if he had there swooned quite away. Josephus highly commendeth her for this her courtesy to Saul: as also he doth him for his valour in dying in defence of his country. But so did the Decii, Curtii, and other Romans of old: and so do those Turkish desperadoes the Spahyes at this day.
Read John Trapp on 1 Samuel 28 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(24) Unleavened bread.—There was no time to be lost; so she did not wait to leaven the dough, but at once baked it, and set it before the king.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Samuel 28 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 24. The woman had a fat calf] The ancients used great despatch in their cookery. In hot countries they could not keep flesh meat by them any length of time; hence they generally kept young animals, such as calves, lambs, and kids, ready for slaughter; and when there was occasion, one of them was killed, and dressed immediately. Unleavened bread] There was not time to bake leavened bread; that would have taken considerable time, in order that the leaven might leaven the whole lump.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Samuel 28 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges24. And the woman, &c.] Meals are rapidly prepared in the East. “With the Bedawin it is nearly universal to cook the meat immediately after it is butchered, and to bake fresh bread for every meal.” The Land and the Book, p. 446. Cp. Genesis 18:6 ff.
Read Cambridge on 1 Samuel 28 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible24. A fat calf in the house — At this day cattle are kept stalled in the caves of Endor. Dr. Thomson saw little calves at the mouths of these caves, where they were kept while their mothers were at pasture.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Samuel 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She also took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread.
The woman had a fattened calf in the house. She hurried and killed it; and she took flour and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread of it.
The woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She also took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread.
Now the woman had a well-fed calf at her home that she quickly slaughtered. Taking some flour, she kneaded bread and baked it without leaven.
Tyndale line
And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:
And the woman had a fatted calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:
And the woman had a fatted calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it; and she took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:
And the woman had a fat calf in the house: and she hasted and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it , and baked unleavened bread of it.
Nowe the woman had a fat calfe in the house, and she hasted, and killed it, and tooke floure and kneaded it, and baked of it vnleauened bread.
Strictly literal
And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread thereof;
And the woman hath a calf of the stall in the house, and she hasteth and slaughtereth it, and taketh flour, and kneadeth, and baketh it unleavened things,
And the woman has a calf of the stall in the house, and she hurries and slaughters it, and takes flour, and kneads, and bakes it [into] unleavened things,
And the woman had a fatted calf in the house; and she hastened, and slaughtered it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread thereof:
The woman had a fatted calf in the house; she hurried and killed it; she took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread with it.
From the Latin
Now the woman had a fatted calf in the house, and she made haste and killed it: and taking meal kneaded it, and baked some unleavened bread,
Simplified
The woman had a fattened calf at the house, and she quickly went and slaughtered it. She also got some flour, kneaded it, and baked some unleavened bread.
And the woman had in the house a young cow, made fat for food; and she put it to death straight away; and she took meal and got it mixed and made unleavened bread;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all 11 words matched in the Hebrew text. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide a partial match, with one word on the leather and the rest supplied by an editor, indicating some textual preservation despite damage.
וְלָאִשָּׁ֤ה עֵֽגֶל־ מַרְבֵּק֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת וַתְּמַהֵ֖ר וַתִּזְבָּחֵ֑הוּ וַתִּקַּח־ קֶ֣מַח וַתָּ֔לָשׁ וַתֹּפֵ֖הוּ מַצּֽוֹת׃
11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ולאשה] [עגל] [מרבק] [בבית] [ותמהר] [ותזבח׳הו] [ותקח] קמח [ותלוש] [ותאף] [מצות]
1 word on the leather — 10 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Samuel 28:24
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfsa
woom'-an ('ishshah, "a woman" (feminine of 'ish, "a man"]; gune, "a woman" "wife"):
I. IN THE CREATIVE PLAN
II. IN OLD TESTAMENT TIMES
1. Prominence of Women
2. Social Equality
3. Marriage Laws
4. Inheritance
5. Domestic Duties
6. Dress and Ornaments
7. Religious Devotion and Service
(1) in Idolatry and False Religion
(2) in Spiritual Religion
III. INTER-TESTAMENTAL ERA
IV. IN NEW TESTAMENT TIMES
1. Mary and Elisabeth
2. Jesus and Women
3. In the Early Church
4. Official Service
5. Widows
6. Deaconesses
IV. LATER TIMES
1. Changes in Character and Condition
2. Notable Examples of Christian Womanhood
3. Woman in the 20th Century
The generic term "man" includes woman. In the narrative of the creation (Ge 1:26,27) Adam is a collective term for mankind. It may signify human being, male or female, or humanity entire. "God said, Let us make man .... and let them"…
Woman
Was “taken out of man” (Gen. 2:23), and therefore the man has the preeminence. “The head of the woman is the man;” but yet honour is to be shown to the wife, “as unto the weaker vessel” (1 Cor. 11:3, 8, 9; 1 Pet. 3:7). Several women are mentioned in Scripture as having been endowed with prophetic gifts, as Miriam (Ex. 15:20), Deborah (Judg. 4:4, 5), Huldah (2 Kings 22:14), Noadiah (Neh. 6:14), Anna (Luke 2:36, 37), and the daughters of Philip the evangelist…
Is spoken of in Scripture as the beloved and honored companion and helpmeet, not the servant, of man, Ge 2:23,24, created as the necessary completion of man, Ge 3:16 1Co 11:3,8,9 14:34,35 1Ti 2:11-14, yet specially qualified for that sphere, and as necessary in it as man in his. Man and woman are indeed essentially one, the natural qualities of each so responding to those of the other as to lay the foundation of the most tender and abiding unity. The Bible thus raised the Jewish woman high above the woman of heathenism; and the Old Testament contains some of the finest portraitures of female character. But still greater is the contrast between the women of heathenism and…
עֵ֫גֶל (egel) refers to a male calf, particularly one that is nearly grown, and is associated with the idea of frisking or circling about. The term is used in the context of livestock, specifically as a bull-calf or steer, as noted in various lexicons.
עֵ֫גֶל n.m. calf (as rolling or circling about ?)
base
H5695 עֵ֫גֶל calf (as rolling or circling about ?)
5695 `egel ay-ghel
from the same as 5696; a (male) calf (as frisking round),
especially one nearly grown (i.e. a steer):--bullock, calf.
see HEBREW for 05696
עֵ֫גֶל (e.gel) — calf.
calf, bull-calf
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word מַרְבֵּק (*marbeq*) means 'stall,' specifically a tying place for animals. It is derived from an unused root meaning to tie up. The entries consistently describe it as a place for cattle.
מַרְבֵּק n.[m.] stall (lit. tying-place)
base
H4770 מַרְבֵּק stall (lit. tying-place)
4770 marbeq mar-bake'
from an unused root meaning to tie up; a stall (for
cattle):--X fat(-ted), stall.
מַרְבֵּק (mar.beq) — stall.
stall (of animals)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
hous (bayith; oikos, in classical Greek generally "an estate," oikia, oikema (literally, "habitation"), in Ac 12:1, "prison"):
I. CAVE DWELLINGS
II. STONE-BUILT AND MUD/BRICK-BUILT HOUSES
1. Details of Plan and Construction
(1) Corner-Stone
(2) Floor
(3) Gutter
(4) Door
(5) Hinge
(6) Lock and Key
(7) Threshold
(8) Hearth
(9) Window
(10) Roof
2. Houses of More than One Story
(1) Upper Chambers and Stairs
(2) Palaces and Castles
3. Internal Appearance
III. OTHER MEANINGS
LITERATURE
I. Cave Dwellings.
The earliest permanent habitations of the prehistoric inhabitants of Palestine were the natural caves which abound throughout the country. As the people increased and grouped themselves into communities, these abodes were supplemented by systems of artificial caves which, in some cases, developed into extensive burrowings of many adjoining compartments, having…
House
Till their sojourn in Egypt the Hebrews dwelt in tents. They then for the first time inhabited cities (Gen. 47:3; Ex. 12:7; Heb. 11:9). From the earliest times the Assyrians and the Canaanites were builders of cities. The Hebrews after the Conquest took possession of the captured cities, and seem to have followed the methods of building that had been pursued by the Canaanites. Reference is made to the stone (1 Kings 7:9; Isa. 9:10) and marble (1 Chr. 29:2) used in building, and to the internal wood-work of the houses (
The houses of the rural poor in Egypt, as well as in most parts of Syria, Arabia and Persia, are generally mere huts of mud or sunburnt bricks. In some parts of Palestine and Arabia stone is used, and in certain districts caves in the rocks are used as dwellings. (Amos 5:11) The houses are usually of one story only, viz., the ground floor, and often contain only one apartment. Sometimes a small court for the cattle is attached; and in some cases the cattle are housed in the same building, or the live in a raised platform, and, the cattle round them on the ground. (1 Samuel 28:24) The windows are small apertures high up in the walls, sometimes grated with wood. The roofs are commonly but not always flat, and are usually formed of plaster of mud and straw laid upon boughs or…
Is often put for dwelling, residence; and hence the temple, and even the tabernacle, are called the house of God.
The universal mode of building houses in the East, is in the form of a hollow square, with an open court or yard in the center; which is thus entirely shut in by the walls of the house around it. Into this court all the windows open, there being usually no windows towards the street. Some houses of large size require several courts, and these usually communicate with each other. These courts are commonly paved; and in many large houses parts of them are planted with shrubs and trees, Ps 84:3 128:3; they have also, when possible, a fountain in them, often with a jet d’ eau, 2Sa 17:18. It is customary in many houses to extend an awning over the whole court in hot…
מָהַר (mahar) primarily means to hasten or hurry, conveying a sense of urgency or quickness. It can describe being anxious or impetuous, as well as the act of preparing or bringing something quickly. Additionally, it has a secondary meaning related to acquiring something by payment. The lexicons agree on these definitions without notable disagreement.
[מָהַר] vb. hasten
Niph. be hurried = anxious, disturbed; hasty, precipitate; impetuous
Pi.
hasten, make haste = go or come quickly
hasten vb.
trans. hasten, = prepare quickly; = bring quickly; = do quickly
base
מָהַר vb. denom. acquire by paying purchase-price
base
H4116a [מָהַר] hasten . be hurried = anxious, disturbed; hasty, precipitate; impetuous
. . hasten, make haste = go or come quickly
. hasten vb.
. trans. hasten, = prepare quickly; = bring quickly; = do quickly
H4116b מָהַר vb. denom. acquire by paying purchase-price
4116 mahar maw-har'
a primitive root; properly, to be liquid or flow easily, i.e.
(by implication); to hurry (in a good or a bad sense); often
used (with another verb) adverbially, promptly:--be carried
headlong, fearful, (cause to make, in, make) haste(-n, -ily),
(be) hasty, (fetch, make ready) X quickly, rash, X shortly,
(be so) X soon, make speed, X speedily, X straightway, X
suddenly, swift.
מָהַר (ma.har) — to hasten.
1)(Qal) to hasten
1a) (Niphal) to be hurried, be anxious
1a) hasty, precipitate, impetuous
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to hasten, make haste
1b2) hasten (used as adverb with another verb)
1b3) to hasten, prepare quickly, do quickly, bring quickly
מָהַר (ma.har) — to buy.
acquire by paying purchase-price
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Piel · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vpw3fs
hast (chaphaz, chush, mahar; speudo): "Haste" (from a root meaning "to pursue") implies "celerity of motion."
(1) The noun occurs as translation of mahar, "to hasten," etc. (Ex 10:16; 12:33, "in haste"); of chapaz, "to make haste" (2Ki 7:15; Ps 31:22; 116:11, "I said in my haste (the Revised Version margin "alarm"), All men are liars"); of chippazon, a "hasty flight" (Ex 12:11; De 16:3; Isa 52:12); of nachats, "to be urgent" (1Sa 21:8, "The king's business required haste").
→ In judgment, by Moses and the Israelites Nu 32:1-19; Jos 22:10-34
→ See RASHNESS
The Hebrew word זָבַח (zavach) is a primitive root meaning to slaughter, particularly in the context of sacrifice. It encompasses various forms of slaughter, including for eating and divine judgment, and is used in both the Qal and Piel stems. The entries highlight its significance in sacrificial practices, but do not present any notable disagreements among lexicons.
זָבַח 134 vb. slaughter for sacrifice
Qal 112
slaughter for sacrifice
slaughter for eating
slaughter for divine judgment
Pi. 22 sacrifice
base
H2076 זָבַח slaughter for sacrifice .. slaughter for sacrifice
. slaughter for eating
. slaughter for divine judgment
. sacrifice
2076 zabach zaw-bakh'
a primitive root; to slaughter an animal (usually in
sacrifice):--kill, offer, (do) sacrifice, slay.
זָבַח (za.vach) — to sacrifice.
1) to slaughter, kill, sacrifice, slaughter for sacrifice
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to slaughter for sacrifice
1a2) to slaughter for eating
1a3) to slaughter in divine judgment
1b) (Piel) to sacrifice, offer sacrifice
Aramaic equivalent: de.vach (דְּבַח "to sacrifice" H1684)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular · suffixHc/Vqw3fs/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a wide range of actions, including to receive, seize, capture, and carry away. It can refer to taking something in hand, taking a wife, or even taking vengeance. The verb has various forms indicating different nuances, such as being taken away or captured.
לָקַח 965 vb. take
Qal
take, take in hand
take and carry along with oneself
take from, or out of
take, carry away
take away from, so as to deprive of
esp. take away life
take to or for a person
take up, upon = put upon
= fetch
take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)
take = capture, seize
take = carry off
in phr. take vengeance
Niph.
be captured, of ark
be taken away, removed
be taken, brought unto
Pu.
be taken from, out of
= be stolen from
be taken captive
be taken away, removed
Hoph.
be taken, brought unto
be taken out of
be taken away from
Hithp. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning
base
H3947 לָקַח take .. take, take in hand
. take and carry along with oneself
. . take from, or out of
. take, carry away
. take away from, so as to deprive of
. esp. take away life
. take to or for a person
. take up, upon = put upon
. = fetch
. take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)
. take = capture, seize
. take = carry off
. in phr. take vengeance
. . be captured, of ark
. be taken away, removed
. be taken, brought unto
. . be taken from, out of
. = be stolen from
. be taken captive
. be taken away, removed
. . be taken, brought unto
. be taken out of
. be taken away from
. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning
3947 laqach law-kakh'
a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of
applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch,
get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve,
seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.
לָקַח (la.qach) — to take: take.
: take
1) to take, get, fetch, lay hold of, seize, receive, acquire, buy, bring, marry, take a wife, snatch, take away
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to take, take in the hand
1a2) to take and carry along
1a3) to take from, take out of, take, carry away, take away
1a4) to take to or for a person, procure, get, take possession of, select, choose, take in marriage, receive, accept
1a5) to take up or upon, put upon
1a6) to fetch
1a7) to take, lead, conduct
1a8) to take, capture, seize
1a9) to take, carry off 1a10) to take (vengeance)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be captured
1b2) to be taken away, be removed
1b3) to be taken, brought unto
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be taken from or out of
1c2) to be stolen from
1c3) to be taken captive
1c4) to be taken away, be removed
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be taken unto, be brought unto
1d2) to be taken out of
1d3) to be taken away
1e) (Hithpael)
1e1) to take hold of oneself
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqw3fs
קֶ֫מַח (qemach) refers to flour or meal, derived from a likely unused root meaning to grind. The entries consistently define it as flour or meal, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
קֶ֫מַח n.[m.] flour, meal
base
H7058 קֶ֫מַח flour, meal
7058 qemach keh'-makh
from an unused root probably meaning to grind;
flour:--flour, meal.
קֶ֫מַח (qe.mach) — flour.
flour, meal, meal flour
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
flour.
See BREAD; FOOD.
Flour
Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.
Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).
[BREAD]
→ See BARLEY
→ See BREAD
→ See OFFERING
→ See WHEAT
לוּשׁ (luwsh) is a primitive root meaning 'to knead.' It specifically refers to the action of kneading dough, as noted in the entries from Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's Hebrew Dictionary. The term appears in the Qal stem, indicating its basic form.
H3888 לוּשׁ knead
3888 luwsh loosh
a primitive root; to knead:--knead.
לוּשׁ (lush) — to knead.
(Qal) to knead (dough)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqw3fs
אָפָה (aphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to bake.' It is a primitive root that specifically refers to cooking, particularly baking. The entries indicate its use in various forms, such as a noun for 'baker' and a passive form meaning 'to be baked.' There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.
H644 אָפָה bake
644 'aphah aw-faw'
a primitive root; to cook, especially to bake:--bake(-r,
(-meats)).
אָפָה (a.phah) — to bake.
1) to bake
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bake
1a2) (subst) baker
1b) (Niphal) to be baked, baked
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular · suffixHc/Vqw3fs/Sp3ms
מַצָּה (matstsah) refers to unleavened bread or cakes, specifically those made without yeast. The term is linked to the idea of sweetness, contrasting with sour or bitter bread. It is notably associated with the festival of Passover, during which leaven is prohibited.
מַצָּה n.f. unleavened bread, or cake(s)
base
H4682 מַצָּה unleavened bread, or cake(s)
4682 matstsah mats-tsaw'
from 4711 in the sense of greedily devouring for sweetness;
properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or
bittered with yeast); specifically, an unfermented cake or
loaf, or (elliptically) the festival of Passover (because no
leaven was then used):--unleaved (bread, cake), without
leaven.
see HEBREW for 04711
מַצָּה (mats.tsah) — unleavened bread.
unleavened (bread, cake), without leaven.
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
→ (With yeast, which symbolized pervasive corruption)
→ See BREAD
→ See PASSOVER