Daniel 11:23 — Word Study
WLCוּמִן־ הִֽתְחַבְּר֥וּת אֵלָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִרְמָ֑ה וְעָלָ֥ה וְעָצַ֖ם בִּמְעַט־ גּֽוֹי׃
BSAAftermin an alliance is madechâbar [a treaty, a covenant] with himʼêl he will actʻâsâh▸ deceitfullymirmâh [with cunning, in a deceitful manner] for he will riseʻâlâh [come up, ascend] to powerʻâtsam [become strong, gain authority] with only a fewmᵉʻaṭ [a small, little] peoplegôwy [a nation, a Gentile group]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמִן־ | and from when | Conjunction, preposition |
| הִֽתְחַבְּר֥וּת | made an alliance | Verb, Hithpael, infinitive construct common |
| אֵלָ֖יו | with him | Preposition, suffix |
| יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה | he will act | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מִרְמָ֑ה | deceit | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְעָלָ֥ה | and he will rise | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| וְעָצַ֖ם | and he will become mighty | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| בִּמְעַט־ | with fewness of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| גּֽוֹי׃ | a nation | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | After an alliance is made with him, he will act deceitfully; for he will rise to power with only a few people. |
| KJV | And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. |
| ASV | And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully; for he shall come up, and shall become strong, with a small people. |
| YLT | And after they join themselves unto him, he worketh deceit, and hath increased, and hath been strong by a few of the nation. |
| WEB | After the treaty made with him he will work deceitfully; for he will come up and will become strong with few people. |
| BBE | And from the time when they make an agreement with him, he will be working falsely: for he will take up arms suddenly with a small force, |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, emphasizing deceit and the rise to power.
The sentence structure shows a main clause followed by subordinate clauses that elaborate on the actions and outcomes.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָבַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 11:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Prophecy of a Deceitful Rulergenerated
Daniel 11:23 describes a future ruler who will form an alliance and act deceitfully to gain power. The surrounding verses provide context about the turmoil and conflict during this ruler's rise, highlighting the treachery involved in political maneuvers. This prophecy serves as a warning about the nature of power and alliances in times of strife.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 8:25 | Through his craft and by his hand, he will cause deceit to prosper, and in his own mind he will make himself great. In a time of peace he will destroy many, and he will even stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he will be broken off, but not by human hands. |
| 2 | Genesis 34:13 | But because Shechem had defiled their sister Dinah, Jacob’s sons answered him and his father Hamor deceitfully. |
| 3 | Psalm 52:2 | Your tongue devises destruction like a sharpened razor, O worker of deceit. |
| 4 | Proverbs 11:18 | The wicked man earns an empty wage, but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 17:13–19 | He took a member of the royal family and made a covenant with him, putting him under oath. Then he carried away the leading men of the land, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָבַר, hit.cha.be.Rutgenerated
The Hebrew word חָבַר (*chabar*) is a verb in the Hithpael stem, indicating a reflexive action of uniting or joining together. It can refer to forming alliances or partnerships, often with a sense of charm or manipulation. This word emphasizes the strategic nature of the alliances formed by the ruler in this prophecy.
In this context, it suggests that the alliance is not merely a political necessity but also a calculated move to deceive others while gaining strength. The use of this word highlights the cunning and treachery involved in the ruler's actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which translates the key actions clearly.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה, he will act, which governs the actions described in the clauses that follow. The structure indicates a sequence of actions: forming an alliance, acting deceitfully, and rising to power.
The arrangement of the clauses shows a cause-and-effect relationship, where the deceitful actions lead directly to the ruler's rise, underscoring the manipulative nature of his ascent.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word חָבַר is translated with the Greek word μετὰ (*meta*), which means 'with' or 'after.' This choice reflects a focus on the relational aspect of the alliance rather than the act of forming it.
The translation choices in the Septuagint indicate a slight shift in emphasis, highlighting the consequences of the alliance rather than the act itself.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 11:23 describes a ruler who will make an alliance and then act deceitfully to gain power. He will do this with only a few people, indicating a secretive or limited approach to his rise. This highlights the theme of treachery in political maneuvers.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that the ruler will use trickery and manipulation to achieve his goals, rather than honest means.
The mention of 'few people' suggests that his rise to power may be based on secretive or exclusive alliances, rather than broad support.
This prophecy is set during a time of political upheaval, where alliances and betrayals are common among rulers.
It illustrates the recurring theme of God's sovereignty over human affairs, even amidst deceit and treachery.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some modern examples of political alliances that have been formed deceitfully?
- How can we discern honesty in our own relationships and alliances?
- What lessons can we learn about power and integrity from this verse?
- In what ways can we ensure our actions align with honesty and transparency?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Theodoret of Cyrus comments on this verse, interpreting it in the context of historical events involving the high priesthood.
Here he foretells the revolt against Onias the high priest by Joshua, also called Jason, and by Onias, son of Menelaus. The former, Jason, had recourse to Antiochus and threw his own brother out from the high priesthood.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 11:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd after the league made with him,.... The prince of the covenant; either Demetrius his nephew, or Ptolemy Philometor king of Egypt, with whom a league was made in the lifetime of Cleopatra, the
Read John Gill on Daniel 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFor he made a league with Egypt, and came with a few in comparison, (but they were chosen men,) and he took the passes, and set garrisons, and put all in subjection to him.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 11:23 And after the league [made] with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.Ver. 23. He shall work deceitfully.] Outwitting the wisest among the Egyptians, who yet were held great politicians. See Isaiah 19:11; Isaiah 19:13. And shall become strong with a small people.] He shall come in, as protector and co-adjutor to his nephew Philometor, with a small number, lest the Egyptians should be frightened; but being thus gotten in, he shall play his pranks to some purpose.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 11 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(23) He shall work.—Apparently this verse explains more fully the means by which the king succeeds in maintaining his influence. He has already destroyed those who are at peace with him. From the time that he first becomes their confederate, he works deceitfully, coming up with hostile intent, accompanied only by a few people, and in this way throwing off their guard those whom he would destroy.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 11 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 23. He shall come up] From Rome, where he had been a hostage for the payment of the tax laid on his father. Shall become strong with a small people.] At first he had but few to espouse his cause when he arrived at Antioch, the people having been greatly divided by the many claimants of the crown; but being supported by Eumenes and Attalus, his few people increased, and he became strong.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges23. And from the time when he (or any) joins himself unto him—viz. in a league (2 Ch. 30:35, 37; cf. above, Daniel 11:6)—he shall work deceit] he will immediately scheme to overreach his ally. The reference is again ambiguous. The allusion might be specially to Antiochus’ insincere friendship with Philometor, or to the manner in which he treated his allies in general. and he shall come up] i.e., probably, rise to power (cf. Deuteronomy 28:43). The explanation ‘go up (the Nile to Memphis)’ (Jer. ascendit Memphim) is not natural. (The comma after up in A.V. should be transferred to follow strong.) with a little (Daniel 11:34) nation] alluding apparently (Bevan) to the partisans of Antiochus…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 11 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd after the league made with him - A treaty of peace and concord. The great subject of contention between the kings of Syria and Egypt was the possession of Coelo-Syria and Palestine.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
After an alliance is made with him, he will act deceitfully; for he will rise to power with only a few people.
After the treaty made with him he will work deceitfully; for he will come up and will become strong with few people.
After an alliance is made with him, he will act deceitfully; for he will rise to power with only a few people.
After entering into an alliance with him, he will behave treacherously; he will ascend to power with only a small force.
Tyndale line
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully; for he shall come up, and shall become strong, with a small people.
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong, with a small people.
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.
And after the league made with him, he shall worke deceitfully: for he shall come vp, and ouercome with a small people.
Strictly literal
And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully, and he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people.
And after they join themselves unto him, he worketh deceit, and hath increased, and hath been strong by a few of the nation.
And after they join themselves to him, he works deceit, and has increased, and has been strong by a few of the nation.
And from the time of his associating with him will he deal deceitfully; and he will come up, and obtain the victory with a small number of people.
From the time an alliance is made with him, he will act deceitfully; with only a small number of people he will become strong.
From the Latin
And after friendships, he will deal deceitfully with him: and he shall go up, and shall overcome with a small people.
Simplified
After making an alliance with him, he will act deceptively. He will come to power peacably, becoming strong though only having a few supporters.
And from the time when they make an agreement with him, he will be working falsely: for he will take up arms suddenly with a small force,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the majority of the wording in this verse, with eight out of nine words matched. This alignment suggests a consistent understanding of the text across these traditions, although the Septuagint's rendering may reflect different syntactical choices.
וּמִן־ הִֽתְחַבְּר֥וּת אֵלָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִרְמָ֑ה וְעָלָ֥ה וְעָצַ֖ם בִּמְעַט־ גּֽוֹי׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 11:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.
מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal
from, against
מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from
of position, off, on the side of, on
Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex
Partitively
Of time—
as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since
as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after
towards, to
(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to
In comparisons, beyond, above
מן is prefixed to an infin.:
with causal force, from, on account of, through
after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.
with a temporal force, since, after
Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that
In compounds:
base
H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against
. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from
. of position, off, on the side of, on
. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex
. Partitively
. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since
. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after
. towards, to
. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to
. In comparisons, beyond, above
. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through
. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.
. with a temporal force, since, after
. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that
4480 min min
or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)
{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;
hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as
follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason
of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,
since, X then, through, X whether, with.
see HEBREW for 04482
מִן־ (min) — from.
prep
1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than
1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of
1b) out of
1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)
1b2) (of material from which something is made)
1b3) (of source or origin)
1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)
1d) from, since, after (of time)
1e) than, more than (in comparison)
1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or
1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)
1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)
conj
2) that
Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)
מֵן (men) — portion.
n.m.
portion
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
חָבַר (chabar) means to unite or join together, often in a figurative sense, but can also refer to tying magic spells or charms. It encompasses various forms of joining, including making alliances or being in fellowship. The verb appears in different stems, indicating nuances like being allied or compacted, but no significant disagreements among lexicons are noted.
[חָבַר] vb. unite (usu. intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm
Qal
unite, be joined
tie magic knots, charm
Pi.
make an ally of, unite one with
unite, join (trans.)
Pu.
be allied with
be united to = be one of
be joined together
Hiph. I could make a joining with words
Hithp. join oneself to, make an alliance with
base
H2266 חָבַר unite (usu. intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm
2266 chabar khaw-bar'
a primitive root; to join (literally or figuratively);
specifically (by means of spells) to fascinate:--charm(- er),
be compact, couple (together), have fellowship with, heap up,
join (self, together), league.
חָבַר (cha.var) — to unite.
1) to unite, join, bind together, be joined, be coupled, be in league, heap up, have fellowship with, be compact, be a charmer
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to unite, be joined
1a2) to tie magic charms, charm
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to unite with, make an ally of
1b2) to unite, join, ally
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be allied with, be united
1c2) to be joined together
1d) (Hiphil) to join together, pile up (words)
1e) (Hithpael) to join oneself to, make an alliance, league together
V-Hithpael-Inf-a — Verb · Hithpael · infinitive construct commonHVtcc
a-li'-ans. 1. In the Patriarchal Stories:
Frequent references are made to alliances between the patriarchs and foreigners. Abraham is reported to have had "confederates" among the chiefs of the Canaanites (Ge 14:13). He also allied with Abimelech, king of Gerar (Ge 21:22-34). Isaac's alliance with Abimelech (Ge 26:26-34), which is offered as an explanation of the name Beer-sheba (Ge 26:33), appears to be a variant of the record of alliance between Abraham and Abimelech. Jacob formed an alliance with Laban, the Syrian (Ge 31:44-54), by which Gilead was established as a boundary line between Israel and Aramaic. These…
Alliance
A treaty between nations, or between individuals, for their mutual advantage.
Abraham formed an alliance with some of the Canaanitish princes (Gen. 14:13), also with Abimelech (21:22-32). Joshua and the elders of Israel entered into an alliance with the Gibeonites (Josh. 9:3-27). When the Israelites entered Palestine they were forbidden to enter into alliances with the inhabitants of the country (Lev. 18:3, 4; 20:22, 23).
Solomon formed a league with Hiram (1 Kings 5:12). This “brotherly covenant” is referred to 250 years afterwards (Amos 1:9). He also appears to have entered into an alliance with Pharaoh (
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
מִרְמָה (mirmah) refers to deceit or treachery. It is derived from the root word meaning to deceive and encompasses concepts like fraud, guile, and craftiness. The term appears in contexts that highlight dishonesty and trickery.
מִרְמָה n.f. deceit, treachery
base
H4820 מִרְמָה deceit, treachery
4820 mirmah meer-maw'
from 7411 in the sense of deceiving; fraud:--craft,
deceit(-ful, -fully), false, feigned, guile, subtilly,
treachery.
see HEBREW for 07411
מִרְמָה (mir.mah) — deceit.
deceit, treachery
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
de-set' (mirmah; (dolos)): The intentional misleading or beguiling of another; in Scripture represented as a companion of many other forms of wickedness, as cursing (Ps 10:7), hatred (Pr 26:24), theft, covetousness, adultery, murder (Mr 7:22; Ro 1:29). The Revised Version (British and American) introduces the word in Pr 14:25; 2Th 2:10; but in such passages as Ps 55:11; Pr 20:17; 26:26; 1Th 2:3, renders a…
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
עָצֹם (atsam) has two main meanings: to be vast, mighty, or numerous, and to shut the eyes. The word can describe strength or abundance in the Qal form, while the Hiphil form indicates making something strong. Additionally, it can refer to the act of closing the eyes, with variations in intensity noted in the entries.
[עָצֹם], עָצַם vb. be vast, mighty, numerous
Qal
be mighty
be numerous
Hiph. make strong
base
[עָצַם] vb. shut the eyes
Qal shutteth his eyes from seeing
Pi. he hath tightly shut your eyes
base
H6105a עָצֹם, עָצַם be vast, mighty, numerous .. be mighty
. be numerous
. make strong
H6105b עָצַם shut the eyes
6105 `atsam aw-tsam'
a primitive root; to bind fast, i.e. close (the eyes);
intransitively, to be (causatively, make) powerful or
numerous; denominatively (from 6106) to crunch the
bones:--break the bones, close, be great, be increased, be
(wax) mighty(-ier), be more, shut, be(-come, make)
strong(-er).
see HEBREW for 06106
עָצֹם (a.tsom) — be vast.
1) to be vast, be numerous, be mighty
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to be mighty
1a2) to be numerous
1b) (Hiphil) to make strong, make mighty
עָצַם (a.tsam) — to shut eyes.
1) to shut (the eyes), close (the eyes)
1a) (Qal) to shut (the eyes)
1b) (Piel) to shut tightly (the eyes)
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
מְעַט (m`at) refers to something that is small in quantity or degree, encompassing meanings like 'a little' or 'few.' It can be used adverbially to indicate a small amount or to describe something as almost or hardly. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to be small' and is associated with concepts of littleness and fewness.
מְעַט 101 subst. a little, fewness, a few
base
H4592 מְעַט a little, fewness, a few
4592 m`at meh-at'
or miat {meh-awt'}; from 4591; a little or few (often
adverbial or compar.):--almost (some, very) few(-er, -est),
lightly, little (while), (very) small (matter, thing), some,
soon, X very.
see HEBREW for 04591
מְעַט (me.at) — little.
1) littleness, few, a little, fewness
1a) little, small, littleness, fewness, too little, yet a little
1b) like a little, within a little, almost, just, hardly, shortly, little worth
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
