Exodus 12:38 — Word Study
WLCוְגַם־ עֵ֥רֶב רַ֖ב עָלָ֣ה אִתָּ֑ם וְצֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר מִקְנֶ֖ה כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃
BSAAnd a mixedʻêreb multituderab [of diverse backgrounds, a great rabble] alsogam went upʻâlâh■ with themʼêth along with great droves ofkâbêd [very much, exceeding many] livestockmiqneh [domestic animals, including flocks and herds] both flockstsôʼn [sheep and goats] and herdsbâqâr [cattle, oxen]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְגַם־ | and also | Conjunction, adverb |
| עֵ֥רֶב | a mixed company | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| רַ֖ב | numerous | Adj |
| עָלָ֣ה | it went up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אִתָּ֑ם | with them | Preposition, suffix |
| וְצֹ֣אן | and flock[s] | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| וּבָקָ֔ר | and herd[s] | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| מִקְנֶ֖ה | livestock | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| כָּבֵ֥ד | numerous | Adj |
| מְאֹֽד׃ | very |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. |
| KJV | And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. |
| ASV | And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. |
| YLT | and a great rabble also hath gone up with them, and flock and herd — very much cattle. |
| WEB | A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock. |
| BBE | And a mixed band of people went with them; and flocks and herds in great numbers. |
Where they part company is כָּבֵד — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the mixed multitude, with additional phrases providing details about their accompaniment and the types of livestock.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 12:38
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Exodus from Egyptgenerated
Exodus 12:38 describes the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, highlighting that they were not alone; a mixed multitude joined them, along with vast numbers of livestock. This indicates the scale and significance of the exodus, as it involved various groups and their possessions, emphasizing the communal aspect of this pivotal moment in Israel's history.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 11:4 | Meanwhile, the rabble among them had a strong craving for other food, and again the Israelites wept and said, “Who will feed us meat? |
| 2 | Zechariah 8:23 | This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “In those days ten men from the nations of every tongue will tightly grasp the robe of a Jew, saying, ‘Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.’” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֵרֶב, 'E.revgenerated
The Hebrew word עֵרֶב ('erev) refers to a mixed company or a diverse group of people. It suggests a multicultural assembly, highlighting the inclusion of various backgrounds among those leaving Egypt. This word can also denote a woven fabric, symbolizing the intermingling of different elements.
In this context, it signifies that the Israelites were not the only ones escaping from Egypt; they were accompanied by others who shared in their journey. The use of עֵרֶב emphasizes the diversity of the crowd that left, which could include Egyptians and others who chose to join the Israelites.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses a mixed multitude to convey the idea of diverse backgrounds. The KJV also reflects this with mixed multitude, while the ASV and WEB maintain similar phrasing.
Where they part company is in the rendering of כָּבֵד — very much (ASV, KJV, WEB) versus exceeding many (DRA). This distinction shows different emphases on the quantity of livestock accompanying the Israelites.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is עָלָה (alah), meaning 'it went up', which governs the entire sentence. The structure includes a noun phrase indicating the subject, a prepositional phrase describing the accompaniment, and additional noun phrases detailing the livestock involved.
The sentence follows a typical Hebrew structure, presenting the action of ascending first, followed by the subjects and their accompanying details, which is characteristic of Hebrew prose.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֵרֶב as ἐπίμικτος (epimiktos), which also means 'mixed'. This choice reinforces the idea of a diverse group, aligning with the original Hebrew meaning.
The use of συνανέβη (synanebē) for עָלָה indicates a similar action of coming together or ascending, maintaining the sense of movement from one place to another.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 12:38 tells us that a diverse group of people, referred to as a mixed multitude, left Egypt with the Israelites. They brought along many livestock, including both sheep and cattle. This highlights the scale of the exodus and the variety of those who joined the journey.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It refers to a diverse group of people from various backgrounds who chose to leave Egypt with the Israelites.
Some may have been sympathetic to the Israelites' plight, while others might have seen an opportunity for a new beginning.
The livestock represents the wealth and resources that the Israelites and their companions took with them, indicating their readiness for a new life.
It shows that the Exodus was not just a departure of the Israelites but a significant event that involved various groups, emphasizing the communal aspect of their escape from slavery.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to be part of a mixed community, and how can we embrace diversity today?
- In what ways can we support those who are seeking a new beginning, like the mixed multitude in this passage?
- How can we prepare ourselves for significant changes in our lives, as the Israelites did during the Exodus?
- What lessons can we learn from the mixed multitude about unity and cooperation in our communities?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 12:38 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd a mixed multitude went up also with them,.... Some of these were Egyptians, and some of other nations that had resided in Egypt, and who, on various accounts, might choose to go along with the
Read John Gill on Exodus 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA mixed multitude, consisting of Egyptians or other people, who went with them, either because they were their servants, or that by this means they might free themselves from the servitude which they endured under hard masters in Egypt; or because the glorious works which they had seen, had raised their esteem of God and of his people, and made them expect a share in the great felicities which they presumed would be conferred upon a people so highly honoured and beloved of such an almighty and all-sufficient God. And because their hearts were not sincere, nor their ends right, they soon repented of their choice, . Compare .
Read Matthew Poole on Exodus 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsExodus 12:38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, [even] very much cattle.Ver. 38. And a mixed multitude.] Of strangers, that "took hold of the skirts of these Jews, and said, We will go with you," but afterwards turned tippet, lusted greatly and greedily, and made Israel to sin. Coals touched will either burn or sully us.
Read John Trapp on Exodus 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(38) A mixed multitude went up also with them.—Nothing is told us of the component elements of this “mixed multitude.” We hear of them as “murmuring” in Numbers 11:4, so that they seem to have remained with Israel. Some may have been Egyptians, impressed by the recent miracles; some foreigners held to servitude, like the Israelites, and glad to escape from their masters. It is noticeable that the Egyptian writers, in their perverted accounts of the Exodus, made a multitude of foreigners (Hyksôs) take part with the Hebrews.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges38. a great mixed multitude] cf. Numbers 11:4 (the Heb. word different). Non-Israelites (cf. the same word in Nehemiah 13:3) of various kinds are meant: e.g. Egyptians who had intermarried with Israelites (cf. Leviticus 24:10), other Semites who had found their way into Egypt, and prisoners taken in war who had been employed in the corvée (Exodus 1:9). flocks and herds] cf. v. 32, Exodus 10:26.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA mixed multitude - Probably remains of the old Semitic population, whether first brought into the district by the Hyksos or not is uncertain.
Read Albert Barnes on Exodus 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible38. A mixed multitude — Egyptians, who, in this time of popular excitement and commotion had become disaffected, unsettled, and a medley of adventurous spirits of various peoples, such as always follow an army or emigrating host.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.
A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock.
And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.
A mixed multitude also went up with them, and flocks and herds – a very large number of cattle.
Tyndale line
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very many cattle.
And a great multitude of sundrie sortes of people went out with them, and sheepe, and beeues, and cattel in great abundance.
Strictly literal
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks and herds — very much cattle.
and a great rabble also hath gone up with them, and flock and herd — very much cattle.
and a great rabble has also gone up with them, and flock and herd—very much livestock.
And a mixed multitude also went up with them; and flocks, and herds, a very large amount of cattle.
A mixed multitude also went with them, together with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.
From the Latin
And a mixed multitude without number went up also with them, sheep and herds and beasts of divers kinds, exceeding many.
Simplified
In addition many foreigners joined them. They also took with them large herds and flocks of livestock.
And a mixed band of people went with them; and flocks and herds in great numbers.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variation, with several words being partly restored or fully supplied by an editor, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses.
וְגַם־ עֵ֥רֶב רַ֖ב עָלָ֣ה אִתָּ֑ם וְצֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר מִקְנֶ֖ה כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וגם ערב רב עלה אתם וצאן ובקר מקנה כבד מאד
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
[וגם] [ערב] [רב] עלה את׳ם [וצאן] ובקר מקנה כבד מאד
5 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
וגם ערב רב [עלה] [את׳ם] [וצאן] [ובקר] [מקנה] כבד מאד
3 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
[וגם] ערב רב [עלה] [את׳ם] [וצאן] [ובקר] [מקנה] כבד מאד׳ה
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 12:38
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.
גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea
base
H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea
1571 gam gam
by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,
though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,
also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,
even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,
nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.
גַּם (gam) — also.
1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea
1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)
1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)
1c) even (for stress)
1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)
1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)
1f) but, yet, though (adversative)
1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)
2) (TWOT) again, alike
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · adverbHC/D
ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'
עֵ֫רֶב (ereb) refers to a mixture or mixed company, as well as the woof in weaving, which is the transverse threads interwoven with the warp. It can denote a heterogeneous group or a mingled race, including references to Arabia and mixed peoples. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to mixture and interweaving.
עֵ֫רֶב n.m. mixture, mixed company;—heterogeneous body attached to a people
base
עֵ֫רֶב n.[m.] woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp)
base
H6154a עֵ֫רֶב mixture, mixed company H6154b עֵ֫רֶב woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp)
6154 `ereb ay'-reb
or mereb (1 Kings 10:15), (with the article prefix),
{eh'-reb}; from 6148; the web (or transverse threads of
cloth); also a mixture, (or mongrel race):--Arabia, mingled
people, mixed (multitude), woof.
see HEBREW for 06148
עֵ֫רֶב (e.rev) — Arabia.
mixture, mixed people, mixed company
Another spelling of a.rav (עֲרָב "Arabia" H6152B)
עֵ֫רֶב (e.rev) — mixture.
1) woof
1a) as mixed, interwoven
1b) knitted material
עֵ֫רֶב (e.rev) — racial-mix.
mixture, mixed people, mixed company
§ 1) woof
1a) as mixed, interwoven
1b) knitted material
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
kum'-pa-ni: The fertility of the original languages in synonyms and varied shades of meaning is seen by the fact that 20 Hebrew and 12 Greek words are represented by this single term. An analysis of these words shows that "company" is both an indefinite and limitless term, signifying few or many, and all kinds of assemblages of people, e.g.:
(1) Caravan,
(a) migratory (Isa 21:13 the King James Version);
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAamsa
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
The Hebrew word אֵת (eth) is a preposition indicating nearness or proximity, often translated as 'with' or 'near.' It conveys a sense of companionship or association, distinguishing itself from similar terms by expressing closer relationships. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including possession and memory, but do not provide specific verse references.
אֵת, prep. with—prep. denoting proximity
Of companionship, together with
Of localities
אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially
in one's possession or keeping
in one's knowledge or memory
מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
base
H854 אֵת with—prep. denoting proximity . Of companionship, together with
. Of localities
. אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially . in one's possession or keeping
. in one's knowledge or memory
. מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
854 'eth ayth
probably from 579; properly, nearness (used only as a
preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by,
at, among, etc.:--against, among, before, by, for, from,
in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional
prefix.
see HEBREW for 0579
אֵת (et) — with.
1) with, near, together with
1a) with, together with
1b) with (of relationship)
1c) near (of place)
1d) with (poss.)
1e) from...with, from (with other prep)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3mp
צֹאן (tso'n) refers to small cattle, specifically sheep and goats, and is used to denote a flock or flocks. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a multitude. The term appears in contexts such as Psalm 144:13, where it emphasizes the collective nature of these animals.
צֹאן 273 n.coll.f. small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
base
H6629 צֹאן small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
6629 tso'n tsone
or tsaown (Psalm 144:13) {tseh-one'}; from an unused root
meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock (of sheep or
goats); also figuratively (of men):--(small) cattle, flock
(+ -s), lamb (+ -s), sheep((-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds)).
צֹאן (tson) — flock.
1) small cattle, sheep, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
1a) small cattle (usually of sheep and goats)
1b) of multitude (simile)
1c) of multitude (metaphor)
צֹאן (tson) — Sheep (Gate).
This name means sheep and goats
Also named: probatikos (προβατικός "Sheep Gate" G4262)
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
מִקְנֶה (miqneh) refers to cattle or livestock, specifically domestic animals that can be purchased. It encompasses general terms for herds and flocks, including cows, sheep, and goats. The word is derived from a root meaning 'something bought' and relates to property and possession.
מִקְנֶה 76 n.m. cattle
base
H4735 מִקְנֶה cattle
4735 miqneh mik-neh'
from 7069; something bought, i.e. property, but only
livestock; abstractly, acquisition:--cattle, flock, herd,
possession, purchase, substance.
see HEBREW for 07069
מִקְנֶה (miq.neh) — livestock.
1) cattle, livestock
1a) cattle, livestock
1a1) in general of a purchasable domestic animal
1b) cows, sheep, goats (in herds and flocks)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word כָּבֵד (*kabed*) means 'heavy' and can describe both physical weight and figurative heaviness, such as severity or difficulty. It encompasses a range of meanings, including great, burdensome, and oppressive. The entries highlight its use in both positive and negative contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
כָּבֵד adj. heavy
base
H3515 כָּבֵד heavy
3515 kabed kaw-bade'
from 3513; heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or
in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid):--(so) great,
grievous, hard(-ened), (too) heavy(-ier), laden, much, slow,
sore, thick.
see HEBREW for 03513
כָּבֵד (ka.ved) — heavy.
1) heavy, great
1a) heavy
1b) massive, abundant, numerous
1c) heavy, dull
1d) hard, difficult, burdensome
1e) very oppressive, numerous, rich
Adj — AdjHAamsa
מְאֹד (m`od) refers to concepts of muchness, force, and abundance. It serves as an adverb meaning exceedingly or greatly, often used to intensify other words. The entries highlight its use in various idioms to express magnitude or degree, with a focus on might and intensity.
מְאֹד n.m. muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
force, might
in diff. idioms (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree)
base
H3966 מְאֹד muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly . force, might
. in diff. idiomns (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree)
3966 m`od meh-ode'
from the same as 181; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or
without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly,
speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
superlative; especially when repeated):--diligently,
especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), X
louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so)
sore, utterly, very (+ much, sore), well.
see HEBREW for 0181
מְאֹד (me.od) — much.
adv
1) exceedingly, much
subst
2) might, force, abundance
n m
3) muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
3a) force, might
3b) exceedingly, greatly, very (idioms showing magnitude or degree)
3b1) exceedingly
3b2) up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly
3b3) with muchness, muchness
HAcmsa — HAcmsa
ver'-i: As adjective (from verus, "true"), "true," "real," "actual," etc. (Ge 27:21,24, "my very son Esau"; Jos 10:27, "this very day"; Joh 7:26, "the very Christ," etc.); chiefly as adverb, "in a high degree," "extremely." As ab adverb it is commonly in the Old Testament the translation of me'odh, and in the New Testament represents, as adjective and adverb, several Greek words, as alethos, "truly" (Joh 7:26, above), autos (Joh 14:11, "the very works' sake"; Ro 13:6), sphodra (Mt 18:31, "very sorry," the…