Exodus 39:10 — Word Study
WLCוַיְמַלְאוּ־ ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד׃
BSAAnd they mountedmâlêʼ▸ fourʼarbaʻ [a specific number, denoting completeness] rowsṭûwr [arrangements, sequences] of gemstonesʼeben [precious stones, including sardius, topaz, and emerald] The firstʼechâd row [had]ṭûwr [initial, primary sequence] a rubyʼôdem [sardius, a precious red gemstone] a topazpiṭdâh [a yellow or golden gem] and an emeraldbâreqeth [a green gem, possibly a carbuncle]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיְמַלְאוּ־ | and they filled | Verb, Piel, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| ב֔וֹ | in it | Preposition, suffix |
| אַרְבָּעָ֖ה | four | Adj |
| ט֣וּרֵי | rows of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| אָ֑בֶן | stone[s] | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| ט֗וּר | [was] a row of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֹ֤דֶם | a ruby | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| פִּטְדָה֙ | a topaz | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וּבָרֶ֔קֶת | and a beryl | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| הַטּ֖וּר | the row | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הָאֶחָֽד׃ | one | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald; |
| KJV | And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row. |
| ASV | And they set in it four rows of stones. A row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle was the first row; |
| YLT | And they fill in it four rows of stones; a row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle [is] the one row; |
| WEB | They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row; |
| BBE | And on it they put four lines of stones: in the first line was a carnelian, a chrysolite, and an emerald; |
Where they part company is מָלֵא — see How Translations Differ.
One main clause, with two phrases describing the rows and the first row of gemstones. The structure emphasizes the act of mounting and the specific arrangement of the stones.
5 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, AdamClarke, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָלֵא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 39:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Construction of the High Priest's Garmentsgenerated
Exodus 39:10 describes how the artisans filled the high priest's breastplate with four rows of precious stones, each carefully selected to represent the tribes of Israel. This meticulous work reflects the importance of the high priest's attire in the worship practices of ancient Israel, as outlined in earlier chapters, such as Exodus 28:17.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 28:16–17 | It must be square when folded over double, a span long and a span wide. |
| 2 | Revelation 21:19–21 | The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone: The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מָלֵא, vay.mal.'u-generated
The verb מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' indicating the action of completing or fulfilling something. This word is used in various contexts, from filling containers to fulfilling promises, suggesting a sense of completeness.
In this verse, it describes the act of filling the breastplate with precious stones, emphasizing the significance of the high priest's garments as a representation of God's covenant with His people.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַיְמַלְאוּ (vay.mal.'u-), meaning 'and they filled,' governs the entire verse. It is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating where the filling occurred and a noun phrase that details what was filled.
The structure emphasizes the action of filling, with the arrangement of the stones highlighted by the use of the numeral אַרְבָּעָה ('ar.ba.'Ah) to indicate completeness.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מָלֵא as συνυφάνθη, which suggests a sense of weaving or combining, indicating a more intricate process than simply filling. This choice may reflect a broader interpretation of the act of assembling the stones.
This translation choice highlights the craftsmanship involved in creating the breastplate, suggesting that the process was not merely mechanical but also artistic.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 39:10 tells us that the craftsmen filled the breastplate of the high priest with four rows of precious stones. The first row included a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald, each chosen for its beauty and significance.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The gemstones represent the twelve tribes of Israel, each stone symbolizing one tribe, and they serve as a reminder of God's covenant with His people.
The number four often signifies completeness in biblical texts, indicating that the arrangement of the stones is not random but purposeful.
The gemstones were chosen based on their beauty and significance, reflecting the glory of God and the importance of the high priest's role.
Filling the breastplate with stones signifies the completeness and beauty of the high priest's garments, which were essential for his service in the tabernacle.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the gemstones on the breastplate teach us about God's relationship with His people?
- How can I see the significance of beauty and completeness in my own life?
- In what ways can I reflect the glory of God in my daily actions?
- What does it mean to me that the high priest wore these stones representing the tribes of Israel?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 39:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 39 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersXXXIX. THE MAKING OF THE HOLY .(1-31) This section corresponds to Exodus 28:5-40, but does not follow exactly the same order. Exodus 39:2-7 correspond to Exodus 39:5-12 of Exodus 28; Exodus 39:8-21 to Exodus 39:13-28; Exodus 39:22-26 to Exodus 39:31-35; but after this a dislocation occurs. Exodus 39:27-29 correspond to Exodus 39:39-42 of Exodus 28, and Exodus 39:30-31 to Exodus 39:36-38. It is not clear why any change was made. The order observed in Exodus 28 seems preferable.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 39 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. And they set in it four rows of stones] See all these precious stones particularly explained in the notes on Exodus 28:17, &c. See Clarke on Exodus 28:17.
Read AdamClarke on Exodus 39 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–13. The names of several of the stones are uncertain: see on Exodus 28:17-20.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 39 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE HOLY OF THE PRIESTS, Exodus 39:1-31 See notes on Exodus 28. ALL BROUGHT TO MOSES AND , Exodus 39:32-43.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 39 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;
They set in it four rows of stones. A row of ruby, topaz, and beryl was the first row;
And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;
They set on it four rows of stones: a row with a ruby, a topaz, and a beryl – the first row;
Tyndale line
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
And they set in it four rows of stones. A row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle was the first row;
And they set in it four rows of stones: a row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle was the first row.
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
And they filled it with foure rowes of stones. The order was thus, a Rubie, a Topaze, and a Carbuncle in the first rowe:
Strictly literal
And they set in it four rows of stones: [one] row, a sardoin, a topaz, and an emerald — the first row;
And they fill in it four rows of stones; a row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle [is] the one row;
And they fill four rows of stones in it: a row of a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle [is] the first row;
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row, a sardius, a topaz, and an emerald; this was the first row.
They set in it four rows of precious stones. The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and a garnet.
From the Latin
And he set four rows of precious stones in it. In the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and emerald.
Simplified
They attached an arrangement of precious stones in four rows as follows. In the first row carnelian, peridot, and emerald.
And on it they put four lines of stones: in the first line was a carnelian, a chrysolite, and an emerald;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some damage, with one word missing, but the majority aligns with the Masoretic Text.
וַיְמַלְאוּ־ ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וימלאו בו ארבעה טורי אבן טור אדם פטדה וברקת הטור האחד
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
[וימלאו] [ב׳ו] [ארבעה] [טורי] אבן [טור] [אדם] [פטדה] [וברקת] [הטור] [האחד]
1 word on the leather — 10 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 39:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Piel · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vpw3mp
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HRd/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3ms
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Adj — AdjHAcbsa
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֹ֫דֶם (odem) refers to a type of red gemstone, specifically carnelian or sardius. It is associated with the concept of redness and is mentioned in contexts related to precious stones in the Old Testament, notably in Exodus 28:17 and 39:10.
124 'odem o'-dem
from 119; redness, i.e. the ruby, garnet, or some other red
gem:--sardius.
see HEBREW for 0119
אֹ֫דֶם (o.dem) — sardius.
1) ruby, carnelian (redness)
1a) precious stone
N-ms — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
roo'-bi.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Ruby
(Heb. peninim), only in plural (Lam. 4:7). The ruby was one of the stones in the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17). A comparison is made between the value of wisdom and rubies (Job 28:18; Prov. 3:15; 8:11). The price of a virtuous woman is said to be “far above rubies” (Prov. 31:10). The exact meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain. Some render it “red coral;” others, “pearl” or “mother-of-pearl.”
The oriental ruby is next in value, as a gem, to the diamond. Indeed, a ruby of this kind, above a certain size, is more valuable than a diamond of the same weight. The oriental ruby is a red variety of the sapphire its color is usually between a vivid cochineal and crimson. The word "rubies" occurs several times in the English Bible, as Job 28:18; Pr 3:15; 8:11; but the corresponding word in Hebrew is thought to denote red coral, or perhaps pearls; while the true ruby is more naturally designated by the "agate" or "carbuncle" of Isa 54:12; Eze 27:16.
פִּטְדָה (pitdah) refers to a precious stone, specifically topaz or chrysolite. It is noted in contexts alongside other gems in Ezekiel 28:13 and Exodus 28:17, 39:10. The term is considered to have foreign origins, possibly linked to the Sanskrit word for yellow.
פִּטְדָה n.f. (m. acc. to Albr ZAW xvi (1896), 108) topaz or chrysolite (acc. to 𝔊 τοπάζιον, 𝔙 topazius, etc.; prob. foreign word, cf. Skr. pîta (prop. yellow));—named with other precious stones Ez 28:13 Ex 28:17 = 39:10; cstr. פִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Jb 28:19.—Vid. Plin NH xxxvii 8 (32), Houghton in Sm DB, Topaz, Ri HWB, Edelstein.
done
H6357 פִּטְדָה n.f. (m. acc. to Albr ZAW xvi (1896), 108) topaz or chrysolite (acc. to 𝔊 τοπάζιον, 𝔙 topazius, etc.; prob. foreign word, cf. Skr. pîta (prop. yellow));—named with other precious stones Ez 28:13 Ex 28:17 = 39:10; cstr. פִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Jb 28:19.—Vid. Plin NH xxxvii 8 (32), Houghton in Sm DB, Topaz, Ri HWB, Edelstein.
6357 pitdah pit-daw'
of foreign derivation; a gem, probably the topaz:--topaz.
פִּטְדָה (pit.dah) — topaz.
1) topaz or chrysolite
1a) a precious stone
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
to'-paz.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Topaz
Heb. pitdah (Ezek. 28:13; Rev. 21:20), a golden yellow or “green” stone brought from Cush or Ethiopia (Job 28:19). It was the second stone in the first row in the breastplate of the high priest, and had the name of Simeon inscribed on it (Ex. 28:17). It is probably the chrysolite of the moderns.
one of the gems used in the high priest’s breastplate, (Exodus 28:17; 39:10; Ezekiel 28:13) one of the foundations also of the New Jerusalem, in St. John’s description of the city. (Revelation 21:20) The topaz of the ancient Greeks and Romans is generally allowed to be our chrysolite, while their chrysolite is our topaz. Chrysolite is a silicate of magnesia and iron; it is so son as to lose its polish unless carefully used. It varies in color from a pale-green to a bottle-green. It is supposed that its name was derived from Topazos, an island in the Red Sea where these stones were procured.
בָּרֶ֫קֶת (bareqeth) and בָּֽרְקַת (barkath) both refer to a precious stone, specifically an emerald, as noted in various sources including Josephus. The term is associated with the idea of flashing or sparkling, and appears in Exodus 28:17 and Ezekiel 28:13.
1304 bareqeth baw-reh'-keth
or barkath {baw-rek-ath'}; from 1300; a gem (as flashing),
perhaps the emerald:--carbuncle.
see HEBREW for 01300
בָּרֶ֫קֶת (ba.re.qet) — gem.
a gem, precious stone, emerald (Josephus)
Also means: bar.qat (בָּֽרְקַת "gem" H1304B)
בָּֽרְקַת (bar.qat) — gem.
a gem, precious stone, emerald (Josephus)
Another spelling of ba.re.qet (בָּרֶ֫קֶת "gem" H1304A)
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
ber'-il.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Beryl
The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew word tarshish, a precious stone; probably so called as being brought from Tarshish. It was one of the stones on the breastplate of the high priest (Ex. 28:20; R.V. marg., “chalcedony;” 39:13). The colour of the wheels in Ezekiel’s vision was as the colour of a beryl stone (1:16; 10:9; R.V., “stone of Tarshish”). It is mentioned in Cant. 5:14; Dan. 10:6; Rev. 21:20. In Ezek. 28:13 the LXX. render the word by “chrysolite,” which the Jewish historian Josephus regards as its proper translation. This also is the rendering given in the Authorized Version in the…
(tarshish) occurs in (Exodus 28:20) It is generally supposed that the tarshish derives its name from the place so called, in Spain. Beryl is a mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. By tarshish the modern yellow topaz is probably intended, while in (Revelation 21:20) a different stone is perhaps referred to, probably the mineral now called beryl, which is identical with the emerald except in color, being a light green or bluish-green.
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
HTd/Ncmsa — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.
אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one
one
= each, every
= a certain
= indef. art.
only, & (fem.) once
one … another, one … the other
as ordinal first
in combin.
base
H259 אֶחָד one . one
. = each, every
. = a certain
. = indef. art.
. only, & (fem.) once
. one … another, one … the other
. as ordinal first
. in combin.
259 'echad ekh-awd'
a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an
ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,
any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +
eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,
other, some, together,
see HEBREW for 0258
אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.
1) one (number)
1a) one (number)
1b) each, every
1c) a certain
1d) an (indefinite article)
1e) only, once, once for all
1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one
1g) first
1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Acfsa
wun.
See NUMBER.