Song of Solomon 5:14 — Word Study
WLCיָדָיו֙ גְּלִילֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב מְמֻלָּאִ֖ים בַּתַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ מֵעָיו֙ עֶ֣שֶׁת שֵׁ֔ן מְעֻלֶּ֖פֶת סַפִּירִֽים׃
BSAHis armsyâd [like gold bars, round] are rodsgâlîyl of goldzâhâb [valuable, brilliant] setmâlêʼ with beryltarshîysh [jasper, a precious gem] His bodymêʻeh [belly, internal organs] is polishedʻesheth△ ivoryshên [white, smooth] bedeckedʻâlaph [overlaid, covered] with sapphiresçappîyr [valuable blue stones]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָדָיו֙ | hands his | Noun common both dual construct, suffix |
| גְּלִילֵ֣י | [are] rods of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| זָהָ֔ב | gold | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מְמֻלָּאִ֖ים | filled | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) masculine plural |
| בַּתַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ | with chrysolite | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| מֵעָיו֙ | lower parts his | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עֶ֣שֶׁת | [are] a plate of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שֵׁ֔ן | ivory | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| מְעֻלֶּ֖פֶת | covered | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) feminine singular |
| סַפִּירִֽים׃ | sapphires | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | His arms are rods of gold set with beryl. His body is an ivory panel bedecked with sapphires. |
| KJV | His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires. |
| ASV | His hands are as rings of gold set with beryl: His body is as ivory work overlaid with sapphires. |
| YLT | His hands rings of gold, set with beryl, His heart bright ivory, covered with sapphires, |
| WEB | His hands are like rings of gold set with beryl. His body is like ivory work overlaid with sapphires. |
| BBE | His hands are as rings of gold ornamented with beryl-stones; his body is as a smooth plate of ivory covered with sapphires. |
Where they part company is תַּרְשִׁישׁ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has two main clauses, each describing different aspects of the beloved's physical attributes, with additional phrases providing further detail.
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Song of Solomon 5:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Beauty of the Belovedgenerated
Song of Solomon 5:14 is part of a poetic dialogue where the speaker expresses admiration for her beloved's physical attributes. The descriptions use rich imagery and precious materials to convey beauty and value, reflecting the deep affection and desire present in the text. This passage highlights the romantic and intimate nature of the relationship depicted in the Song of Solomon.
The Key Word — יָדָיו, ya.Davgenerated
The word יָד (yad) means 'hand' and signifies strength or power. In this verse, it refers to the beloved's arms, emphasizing their beauty and strength as 'rods of gold'. The parsing indicates that it is a noun in the dual construct form, suggesting a focus on both arms as a pair.
This word is often used in various contexts in the Bible, symbolizing not just physical hands but also the power and direction they represent. The imagery of arms as 'rods of gold' elevates the beloved's physical attributes to a level of preciousness and value.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is examined through the lens of the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase rods of gold to convey the preciousness of the beloved's arms, a choice also reflected in the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is centered around the subject יָדָיו, his arms, with the predicate describing them as גְּלִילֵ֣י זָהָב, rods of gold. The structure emphasizes the beauty of the arms by pairing them with valuable materials, creating a vivid image.
The sentence contains multiple noun phrases that elaborate on the subject, including the description of the body as עֶ֣שֶׁת, a plate, which is further adorned with סַפִּירִֽים, sapphires. This layered structure adds depth to the imagery.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָדָיו as αὐτοῦ, indicating a direct reference to the subject's arms, maintaining the focus on the beloved's physical attributes.
The choice of τορευταὶ for גְּלִילֵ֣י suggests a similar emphasis on the circular or rod-like quality of the arms, aligning with the Hebrew meaning while adapting it to the Greek context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Song of Solomon 5:14 describes the beloved's arms as precious and strong, comparing them to rods of gold and highlighting their beauty with the imagery of beryl. The body is depicted as a smooth ivory panel adorned with sapphires, emphasizing the overall value and attractiveness of the beloved.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The arms symbolize strength and beauty, depicted as valuable rods of gold.
The use of precious materials like gold, ivory, and sapphires emphasizes the beloved's exquisite beauty and value.
The descriptions highlight the romantic and intimate nature of the relationship, showcasing admiration and desire.
The word 'panel' suggests a smooth and refined surface, enhancing the imagery of beauty associated with the beloved's body.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do the descriptions of the beloved reflect qualities I admire in my own relationships?
- What do the precious materials symbolize in the context of love and admiration?
- In what ways can I express appreciation for the beauty in those I care about?
- How does the imagery in this verse influence my understanding of romantic love?
The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
His arms are rods of gold set with beryl. His body is an ivory panel bedecked with sapphires.
His hands are like rings of gold set with beryl. His body is like ivory work overlaid with sapphires.
His arms are rods of gold set with beryl. His body is polished ivory bedecked with sapphires.
His arms are like rods of gold set with chrysolite. His abdomen is like polished ivory inlaid with sapphires.
Tyndale line
His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires.
His hands are as rings of gold set with beryl: His body is as ivory work overlaid with sapphires.
His hands are as rings of gold set with beryl: his body is as ivory work overlaid with sapphires.
His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires.
His hands as rings of gold set with the chrysolite, his belly like white yuorie couered with saphirs.
Strictly literal
His hands gold rings, set with the chrysolite; His belly is bright ivory, overlaid [with] sapphires;
His hands rings of gold, set with beryl, His heart bright ivory, covered with sapphires,
His hands rings of gold, set with beryl, || His heart bright ivory, covered with sapphires,
His hands are like wheels of gold beset with the chrysolite: his body, an image made of ivory overlaid with sapphires.
His arms are rounded gold set with jewels; his abdomen is ivory covered with sapphires.
From the Latin
His hands are turned and as of gold, full of hyacinths. His belly as of ivory, set with sapphires.
Simplified
His arms are round bars of gold inlaid with jewels. His abdomen is like carved ivory inlaid with lapis lazuli.
His hands are as rings of gold ornamented with beryl-stones; his body is as a smooth plate of ivory covered with sapphires.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text describes the arms as 'rods of gold set with beryl' and the body as 'an ivory panel bedecked with sapphires.' The Septuagint, while providing a word-by-word correspondence, does not fully preserve the text of this verse, so it is unclear how it translates these specific phrases. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional information for this verse, as they do not survive in this context. Thus, the Masoretic Text stands as the primary witness for this verse's content.
יָדָיו֙ גְּלִילֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב מְמֻלָּאִ֖ים בַּתַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ מֵעָיו֙ עֶ֣שֶׁת שֵׁ֔ן מְעֻלֶּ֖פֶת סַפִּירִֽים׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Song of Solomon 5:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cd | Suff — Noun common both dual construct · suffixHNcbdc/Sp3ms
גָּלִיל (galiyl) refers to something that turns or folds, such as a folding door. It can also denote a cylinder or rod, and is used to describe a circuit or district, particularly in the northern region of Naphtali. The word is built from the root meaning to turn, and its usages encompass both physical objects and geographical areas.
[גָּלִיל] adj. turning, folding (= revolving)
base
גָּלִיל n.m. cylinder, rod, circuit, district
cylinder, rod
circuit, district, on northern border of Israel, in Naphtali
base
H1550a גָּלִיל turning, folding H1550b גָּלִיל cylinder, rod, circuit, district
1550 galiyl gaw-leel'
from 1556; a valve of a folding door (as turning); also a
ring (as round):--folding, ring.
see HEBREW for 01556
גָּלִיל (ga.lil) — turned.
adj
turning, folding (of doors)
גָּלִיל (ga.lil) — circuit.
1) cylinder, rod
2) circuit, district (on northern border in Naphtali)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
זָהָב (zahab) means gold and is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of shimmering. It encompasses various aspects of gold, including its value as a precious metal, its use as a measure of weight, and its figurative brilliance. The term appears in contexts related to wealth, merchandise, and gifts.
זָהָב 385 n.m. gold
= gold-ore, gold in raw state
gold as wealth
gold as spoil of war
gold as merchandise
gold as costly gift
gold as material
gold described by its source
gold defined by var. adj. and pts.
as measure of weight and value
= golden oil, from colour
often named with
the chief vbs. used
base
H2091 זָהָב gold
2091 zahab zaw-hawb'
from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively,
something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky:--
gold(-en), fair weather.
זָהָב (za.hav) — gold.
1) gold
1a) as precious metal
1b) as a measure of weight
1c) of brilliance, splendour (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: de.hav (דְּהַב "gold" H1722)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gold (zahabh; chrusos):
1. Terms:
No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic equivalent, dhahab, is still the common name for gold throughout Palestine, Syria and Egypt. With zahabh frequently occur other words which, translated, mean "pure" (Ex 25:11), "refined" (1Ch 28:18), "finest" (1Ki 10:18), "beaten" (1Ki 10:17), "Ophir" (Ps 45:9).
Other terms occurring are: paz, "fine gold" (Job 28:17;
Gold
(1.) Heb. zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex. 25:11; 1 Chr. 28:18; 2 Chr. 3:5).
(2.) Heb. segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or “fine gold” (1 Kings 6:20; 7:49).
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (Genesis 2:11) It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc. (Genesis 24:22) Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp. (Genesis 43:21) Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times, (1 Chronicles 22:14; 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:9; Daniel 3:1; Nahum 2:9) but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by…
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of…
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
V-Pual-Inf-c — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) masculine pluralHVPsmpa
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tarshiysh) refers to a precious or semi-precious stone, possibly yellow jasper or chrysolite. The entries suggest it may also denote a gem like topaz. There is some uncertainty regarding the exact type of stone it represents.
תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
base
H8658 תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
8658 tarshiysh tar-sheesh'
probably of foreign derivation (compare 8659); a gem, perhaps
the topaz:--beryl.
see HEBREW for 08659
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — jasper.
1) a precious stone or semi-precious gem
1a) perhaps a chrysolite, yellow jasper, or other yellow coloured stone
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
one of the precious stones in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:20) It has been already stated [BERYL] that the chrysolite of the ancients is identical with the modern oriental topaz the tarhish of the Hebrew Bible.
A transparent precious stone, having the color of gold with a mixture of green, and a fine luster, Re 21:20. Many suppose it to be the topaz of the moderns.
מֵעֶה (me`ah) refers to internal organs, particularly the intestines and belly. It is used in plural form and can denote various inward parts, including the womb and the seat of emotions. The term may also imply softness, reflecting a figurative sense of sympathy or emotional distress.
[מֵעֶה] n.m. only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
base
H4578 מֵעֶה only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
4578 me`ah may-aw'
from an unused root probably meaning to be soft; used only in
plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen,
figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extens. the
stomach, the uterus (or of men, the seat of generation), the
heart (figuratively):--belly, bowels, X heart, womb.
מֵעֶה (me.eh) — belly.
1) internal organs, inward parts, bowels, intestines, belly
1a) inward parts
1b) digestive organs
1c) organs of procreation, womb
1d) place of emotions or distress or love (fig.)
1e) external belly
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְעָא "belly" H4577)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
עֶ֫שֶׁת (esheth) refers to a plate or slab, indicating something that is fabricated. The term appears in the context of Song of Solomon 5:14, where it is associated with a bright fabric. The entries suggest a focus on physical objects made from materials.
עֶ֫שֶׁת n.[m.] plate;—cstr. Ct 5:14
ref
H6247 עֶ֫שֶׁת
6247 `esheth eh'-sheth
from 6245; a fabric:--bright.
see HEBREW for 06245
עֶ֫שֶׁת (e.shet) — plate.
plate, slab, something fabricated
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word שֵׁן (shen) primarily means 'tooth' and can also refer to 'ivory.' It is derived from the root associated with sharpness, and it can figuratively denote a cliff or crag. The entries highlight various contexts, including its use in legal terms (lex talionis) and as a material in commerce.
שֵׁן n.f. tooth, ivory
base
H8127 שֵׁן tooth, ivory
8127 shen shane
from 8150; a tooth (as sharp); specifically (for 8143) ivory;
figuratively, a cliff:--crag, X forefront, ivory, X sharp,
tooth.
see HEBREW for 08150
see HEBREW for 08143
שֵׁן (shen) — tooth.
: tooth
1) tooth, ivory
1a) tooth
1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast
1b) tooth, tine (of fork)
1c) ivory
1c1) as material
1c2) of commerce
1d) sharp pointed rock
שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: ivory.
: ivory
1) tooth, ivory
1a) tooth
1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast
1b) tooth, tine (of fork)
1c) ivory
1c1) as material
1c2) of commerce
1d) sharp pointed rock
שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: crag.
: crag
1) tooth, ivory
1a) tooth
1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast
1b) tooth, tine (of fork)
1c) ivory
1c1) as material
1c2) of commerce
1d) sharp pointed rock
שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: prong.
: prong
1) tooth, ivory
1a) tooth
1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast
1b) tooth, tine (of fork)
1c) ivory
1c1) as material
1c2) of commerce
1d) sharp pointed rock
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Ivory
(Heb. pl. shenhabbim, the “tusks of elephants”) was early used in decorations by the Egyptians, and a great trade in it was carried on by the Assyrians (Ezek. 27:6; Rev. 18:12). It was used by the Phoenicians to ornament the box-wood rowing-benches of their galleys, and Hiram’s skilled workmen made Solomon’s throne of ivory (1 Kings 10:18). It was brought by the caravans of Dedan (Isa. 21:13), and from the East Indies by the navy of Tarshish (1 Kings 10:22). Many specimens of ancient Egyptian and Assyrian ivory-work have been preserved. The word habbim is derived from the Sanscrit ibhas, meaning “elephant,”…
The word translated "ivory" literally signifies the "tooth" of any animal, and hence more especially denotes the substance of the projecting tusks of elephants. The skilled work-men of Hiram, king of Tyre, fashioned the great ivory throne of Solomon, and overlaid it with pure gold. (1 Kings 10:18; 2 Chronicles 9:17) The ivory thus employed was supplied by the caravans of Dedan, (Isaiah 21:13; Ezekiel 27:15) or was brought, with apes and peacocks, by the navy of Tarshish. (1 Kings 10:22) The "ivory house" of Ahab, (1 Kings 22:39) was probably a palace, the walls of which were panelled with ivory, like the palace of…
Mentioned in the reign of Solomon, and referred to in Ps 45:1-17, as used in decorating palaces. Solomon, who traded to India, brought thence elephants and ivory to Judea. "For the king had at sea a navy of Tarshish, with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tarshish, bringing gold and silver and ivory," 1Ki 10:22 2Ch 9:21. Solomon had a throne decorated with ivory, and inlaid with gold, these beautiful materials relieving the splendor and heightening the luster of each other, 1Ki 10:18. Ivory, as is well known, is the substance of the tusks of elephants, and hence it is always called in Hebrew, tooth.
עָלַף (alaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cover or enwrap. It can also imply a state of faintness or languidness. The entries indicate that it can be used in different forms, such as being covered or disguising oneself. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
[עָלַף] vb. cover
Pu. covered, encrusted
Hithp. enwrap oneself; = swoon away
base
H5968 עָלַף cover
5968 `alaph aw-laf'
a primitive root; to veil or cover; figuratively, to be
languid:--faint, overlaid, wrap self.
עָלַף (a.laph) — to enwrap.
1) to cover
1a) (Pual) covered, encrusted (participle)
1b) (Hithpael) to enwrap oneself, disguise oneself, faint
V-Pual-Inf-c — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) feminine singularHVPsfsa
סַפִּיר (sappir) refers to sapphire, and possibly lapis lazuli. It is identified as a gem, potentially used for scratching other materials. The word is derived from a root meaning to scratch, and it is noted in various lexicons for its association with these precious stones.
סַפִּיר n.[m.] sapphire, perh. also lapis lazuli
base
H5601 סַפִּיר sapphire, perh. also lapis lazuli
5601 cappiyr sap-peer'
from 5608; a gem (perhaps used for scratching other
substances), probably the sapphire:--sapphire.
see HEBREW for 05608
סַפִּיר (sap.pir) — sapphire.
sapphire, lapis lazuli
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa