Exodus 39:13 — Word Study
WLCוְהַטּוּר֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם׃
BSAand the fourthrᵉbîyʻîy row [had]ṭûwr a beryltarshîysh [possibly a topaz or yellow jasper, a precious gem] an onyxshôham [a green or blue gemstone] and a jasperyâshᵉphêh [a valuable stone, often translated as such] in goldzâhâb [a valuable metal] filigreemishbᵉtsâh [intricate, detailed work] settingsmilluʼâh [enclosures, used to hold the stones in place]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַטּוּר֙ | and the row | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י | fourth | Particle |
| תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ | [was] a chrysolite | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שֹׁ֖הַם | an onyx | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה | and a jasper | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת | surrounded | Verb, Hophal, participle (passive) feminine plural |
| מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת | filigree settings of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| זָהָ֖ב | gold | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם׃ | in settings their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and the fourth row had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones were mounted in gold filigree settings. |
| KJV | And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings. |
| ASV | and the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in inclosings of gold in their settings. |
| YLT | and the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper — set, embroidered [with] gold, in their settings. |
| WEB | and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They were enclosed in gold settings. |
| BBE | In the fourth, a topaz, a beryl, and a jasper; they were fixed in twisted frames of gold. |
Where they part company is in the phrasing of the settings — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause describes the arrangement of the stones, with a prepositional phrase providing details about their settings.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
verbסבב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 39:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The High Priest's Garmentsgenerated
Exodus 39:13 describes the fourth row of stones on the high priest's breastplate, which is part of the elaborate garments worn during priestly duties. Each stone represented one of the twelve tribes of Israel, emphasizing the high priest's role as a mediator between God and His people. The breastplate, adorned with these precious stones, was a symbol of divine favor and responsibility.
Cross References
The Key Word — מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת, mish.be.Tzotgenerated
The word מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת (mishbtsot) refers to intricate settings or enclosures that hold precious stones. It is derived from a root meaning to weave or plait, indicating the craftsmanship involved in creating these settings.
In this verse, it describes how the stones were beautifully mounted in gold, showcasing the skill and artistry of the work. This term highlights the importance of not just the stones themselves, but also the craftsmanship that enhances their beauty.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת, surrounded, which governs the description of the stones and their arrangement. The structure emphasizes the stones as the subject, with the settings providing additional information about how they are presented.
The noun phrases describing the stones are arranged in a sequence, indicating their order in the row. The Hebrew word order places the emphasis on the stones themselves, showcasing their significance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת as περικεκυκλωμένα, meaning 'surrounded' or 'enclosed.' This choice reflects a similar emphasis on the craftsmanship of the settings, aligning with the Hebrew meaning.
The use of περικεκυκλωμένα suggests a focus on the protective and decorative role of the settings, indicating the importance of both the stones and their presentation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 39:13 describes the fourth row of the high priest's breastplate, which had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These precious stones were beautifully mounted in gold settings, highlighting the craftsmanship involved in their arrangement.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Each stone corresponds to one of the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing the high priest's role as a mediator for the people before God.
The intricate settings not only enhance the beauty of the stones but also signify the care and detail involved in the high priest's garments, reflecting their sacred purpose.
The breastplate was made of precious stones set in gold, emphasizing the value and significance of the high priest's role.
This verse is part of a larger description of the high priest's garments, which were designed to reflect glory and beauty, suitable for their holy purpose.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do the stones have in your understanding of the high priest's role?
- How can the craftsmanship of the settings inspire you in your own work or creativity?
- In what ways do you see the value of beauty and detail in your life or community?
- How does the description of the high priest's garments enhance your understanding of their sacred duties?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 39:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 39 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersXXXIX. THE MAKING OF THE HOLY .(1-31) This section corresponds to Exodus 28:5-40, but does not follow exactly the same order. Exodus 39:2-7 correspond to Exodus 39:5-12 of Exodus 28; Exodus 39:8-21 to Exodus 39:13-28; Exodus 39:22-26 to Exodus 39:31-35; but after this a dislocation occurs. Exodus 39:27-29 correspond to Exodus 39:39-42 of Exodus 28, and Exodus 39:30-31 to Exodus 39:36-38. It is not clear why any change was made. The order observed in Exodus 28 seems preferable.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 39 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–13. The names of several of the stones are uncertain: see on Exodus 28:17-20.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 39 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE HOLY OF THE PRIESTS, Exodus 39:1-31 See notes on Exodus 28. ALL BROUGHT TO MOSES AND , Exodus 39:32-43.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 39 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and the fourth row had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones were mounted in gold filigree settings.
and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They were enclosed in gold settings.
and the fourth row had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones were mounted in gold filigree settings.
and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They were enclosed in gold filigree settings.
Tyndale line
And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.
and the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in inclosings of gold in their settings.
And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were enclosed in ouches of gold in their settings.
And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.
Likewise in the fourth rowe, a Chrysolite, an Onix, and a Iasper: closed and set in ouches of golde.
Strictly literal
and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper; mounted in enclosures of gold in their settings.
and the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper — set, embroidered [with] gold, in their settings.
and the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper—set [with] filigrees of gold in their settings.
And the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper: they were fitted in golden casings when they were set in.
The fourth row had a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. The stones were mounted in gold settings.
From the Latin
In the fourth, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a beryl, set and enclosed in gold by their rows.
Simplified
In the fourth row topaz, beryl, and jasper. They were all placed in ornamental gold settings.
In the fourth, a topaz, a beryl, and a jasper; they were fixed in twisted frames of gold.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Samaritan Pentateuch differs from the Masoretic Text in two words: it uses מוסבות (turn) instead of מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת and מלאותם (setting) instead of בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain one word on the leather, with the rest supplied by an editor, showing limited variation.
וְהַטּוּר֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם׃
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והטור הרביעי תרשׁישׁ שׁהם וישׁפה מוסבות משׁבצות זהב במלאותם
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מוסבות (turn), מלאותם (setting)
[והטור] [הרביעי] תרשש [שהם] [וישפה] [מוסבת] [משבצות] [זהב] [במלאת׳ם]
1 word on the leather — 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 39:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
Conj | Art | N-ms — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncmsa
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tarshiysh) refers to a precious or semi-precious stone, possibly yellow jasper or chrysolite. The entries suggest it may also denote a gem like topaz. There is some uncertainty regarding the exact type of stone it represents.
תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
base
H8658 תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
8658 tarshiysh tar-sheesh'
probably of foreign derivation (compare 8659); a gem, perhaps
the topaz:--beryl.
see HEBREW for 08659
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — jasper.
1) a precious stone or semi-precious gem
1a) perhaps a chrysolite, yellow jasper, or other yellow coloured stone
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
one of the precious stones in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:20) It has been already stated [BERYL] that the chrysolite of the ancients is identical with the modern oriental topaz the tarhish of the Hebrew Bible.
A transparent precious stone, having the color of gold with a mixture of green, and a fine luster, Re 21:20. Many suppose it to be the topaz of the moderns.
שֹׁ֫הַם (shoham) refers to a gem, with its exact identification being uncertain. It is likely associated with onyx, beryl, or chrysoprasus, and may also refer to malachite. The word is built from an unused root that probably means to blanch, indicating a pale color.
שֹׁ֫הַם n.m. a gem, identif. dubious; onyx or chrysoprasus, beryl, malachite (√ unknown)
base
H7718 שֹׁ֫הַם a gem, identif. dubious (√ unknown)
7718 shoham sho'-ham
from an unused root probably mean to blanch; a gem, probably
the beryl (from its pale green color):--onyx.
שֹׁ֫הַם (sho.ham) — onyx.
1) a precious stone or gem
1a) probably onyx, chrysoprasus, beryl, malachite
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
on'-iks o'-niks.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Onyx
A hail; claw; hoof, (Heb. shoham), a precious stone adorning the breast-plate of the high priest and the shoulders of the ephod (Ex. 28:9-12, 20; 35:27; Job 28:16; Ezek. 28:13). It was found in the land of Havilah (Gen. 2:12). The LXX. translates the Hebrew word by smaragdos, an emerald. Some think that the sardonyx is meant. But the onyx differs from the sardonyx in this, that while the latter has two layers (black and white) the former has three (black, white, and red).
(a nail) is the translation of the Hebrew shoham ; but there is some doubt as to its signification. Some writers believe that the "beryl" is intended; but the balance of authority is in favor of some variety of the onyx. ("The onyx is not a transparent stone, but as the color of the flesh appears through the nail (Greek onyx) on the human body, so the reddish mass which is below shines delicately through the whitish surface of the onyx. There are several varieties. White and reddish stripes alternating form the sardonyx; white and reddish gray, the chalcedony. When polished it has a fine lustre, and is easily wrought into a gem of great beauty."-Rosenmiller.
A nail, the eleventh stone in the high priest’s breastplate, Ex 28:20. The modern onyx has some resemblance to the agate; and the color of the body of the stone is like that of the human nail; hence its name. The Hebrew word so translated is not known with certainty to signify the onyx; but denoted some valuable stone, Ge 2:12; Ex 25:7; 28:9-12,20. A species of marble resembling the onyx was known to the Greeks, and may have been the "onyx-stones" stored up by David for the temple, 1Ch 29:2.
יָֽשְׁפֶה (yashpheh) refers to jasper, a precious stone. It is considered a loanword from Persian and is associated with a root meaning to polish. The entries consistently identify it as a type of gem without significant disagreement.
יָֽשְׁפֶה n.[m.] jasper (loan-word from Pers. Persian)
base
H3471 יָֽשְׁפֶה n.[m.] jasper (loan-word from Pers. Persian)
3471 yashpheh yaw-shef-ay'
from an unused root meaning to polish; a gem supposed to be
jasper (from the resemblance in name):--jasper.
יָֽשְׁפֶה (ya.she.pheh) — jasper.
jasper (a precious stone)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
Jasper
(Heb. yashpheh, “glittering”), a gem of various colours, one of the twelve inserted in the high priest’s breast-plate (Ex. 28:20). It is named in the building of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:18, 19). It was “most precious,” “clear as crystal” (21:11). It was emblematic of the glory of God (4:3).
a precious stone frequently noticed in Scripture. It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high priest’s breastplate, (Exodus 28:20; 39:13) and the first of the twelve used in the foundations of the new Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:19) The characteristics of the stone as far as they are specified in Scripture, (Revelation 21:11) are that it "was most precious," and "like crystal;" we may also infer from (Revelation 4:3) that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The stone which we name "jasper" does not accord with this description. There can be no doubt that the diamond would more adequately answer to the description in the book of Revelation.
→ A precious stone, set in the high priest's breastplate Ex 28:20; 39:13
The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround
Qal
turn, intrans.
march, or walk, around
go partly round, circle, skirt
make a round, or circuit, go about to
surround, encompass
Niph.
turn oneself against, close round upon
turn round (from a direct course)
esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
pass. be turned over to, into the power of
Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
Po‛.
encompass (with protection)
come about, assemble round
march or go about
enclose, envelop
Hiph.
turn (trans.), cause to turn
bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
turn into, of changing name
= bring round, of changing name
cause to go around
surround with (acc.) wall
perh. also encompass (as foe)
Hoph.
be turned, of cart wheel
surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
base
H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.
. . march, or walk, around
. go partly round, circle, skirt
. make a round, or circuit, go about to
. surround, encompass
. . . turn oneself against, close round upon
. turn round (from a direct course)
. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
. pass. be turned over to, into the power of
. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
. . encompass (with protection)
. come about, assemble round
. march or go about
. enclose, envelop
. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn
. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
. turn into, of changing name
. = bring round, of changing name
. . cause to go around
. surround with (acc.) wall
. perh. also encompass (as foe)
. . be turned, of cart wheel
. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
5437 cabab saw-bab'
a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in
various applications, literally and figuratively (as
follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X
round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset
(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to
come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),
drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,
go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit
down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.
: turn/bring_around
1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change
1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round
1b2) to be turned over to
1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform
1d) (Poel)
1d1) to encompass, surround
1d2) to come about, assemble round
1d3) to march, go about
1d4) to enclose, envelop
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round
1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass
1f) (Hophal)
1f1) to be turned
1f2) to be surrounded
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.
: surround/go_round
HVHsfpa — Verb · Hophal · participle (passive) feminine pluralHVHsfpa
מִשְׁבְּצ(וֹ)ת (mishbtsah) refers to chequered or plaited work, typically associated with settings for gems. It is derived from a root meaning to weave or plait, and is described as a type of brocade or filigree. The term appears in contexts related to ornamental craftsmanship.
מִשְׁבְּצ(וֹ)ת n.f. pl. chequered (or plaited) work, usu. of settings for gems
base
H4865 מִשְׁבְּצ(וֹ)ת chequered (or plaited) work, usu. of settings for gems
4865 mishbtsah mish-bets-aw'
from 7660; a brocade; by analogy, a (reticulated) setting of
a gem:--ouch, wrought.
see HEBREW for 07660
מִשְׁבְּצוֹת (mish.be.tsah) — filigree.
plaited or filigree or chequered work (of settings for gems)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
זָהָב (zahab) means gold and is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of shimmering. It encompasses various aspects of gold, including its value as a precious metal, its use as a measure of weight, and its figurative brilliance. The term appears in contexts related to wealth, merchandise, and gifts.
זָהָב 385 n.m. gold
= gold-ore, gold in raw state
gold as wealth
gold as spoil of war
gold as merchandise
gold as costly gift
gold as material
gold described by its source
gold defined by var. adj. and pts.
as measure of weight and value
= golden oil, from colour
often named with
the chief vbs. used
base
H2091 זָהָב gold
2091 zahab zaw-hawb'
from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively,
something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky:--
gold(-en), fair weather.
זָהָב (za.hav) — gold.
1) gold
1a) as precious metal
1b) as a measure of weight
1c) of brilliance, splendour (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: de.hav (דְּהַב "gold" H1722)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gold (zahabh; chrusos):
1. Terms:
No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic equivalent, dhahab, is still the common name for gold throughout Palestine, Syria and Egypt. With zahabh frequently occur other words which, translated, mean "pure" (Ex 25:11), "refined" (1Ch 28:18), "finest" (1Ki 10:18), "beaten" (1Ki 10:17), "Ophir" (Ps 45:9).
Other terms occurring are: paz, "fine gold" (Job 28:17;
Gold
(1.) Heb. zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex. 25:11; 1 Chr. 28:18; 2 Chr. 3:5).
(2.) Heb. segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or “fine gold” (1 Kings 6:20; 7:49).
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (Genesis 2:11) It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc. (Genesis 24:22) Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp. (Genesis 43:21) Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times, (1 Chronicles 22:14; 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:9; Daniel 3:1; Nahum 2:9) but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by…
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of…
מִלֻּאָה (millu'ah) is a feminine noun meaning 'setting' or 'setting of a jewel.' It is derived from the root word for filling, indicating the context of enclosing or setting gems. The term appears in discussions of jewelry and adornment.
[מִלֻּאָה] n.f. setting of jewel (cf. vb. Pi. 2, Pu.)
base
H4396 [מִלֻּאָה] n.f. setting of jewel (cf. vb. Pi. 2, Pu.)
4396 millu'ah mil-loo-aw'
feminine of 4394; a filling, i.e. setting (of
gems):--inclosing, setting.
see HEBREW for 04394
מִלֻּאָה (mil.lu.ah) — setting.
setting (of jewel)
Prep | N-fp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp