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Ezekiel 10:15 — Word Study

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WLCוַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּ הַכְּרוּבִ֑ים הִ֣יא הַחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי בִּֽנְהַר־ כְּבָֽר׃

BSAThen the cherubimkᵉrûwb [angelic beings, heavenly guardians] rose upwardrâmam [be exalted, lifted up] Thesehûwʼ were the living creatureschay [alive, full of life] I had seenrâʼâh [looked after, gazed at] by the Rivernâhâr [a flood] KebarKᵉbâr [in Mesopotamia, a place of exile]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 10
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 15 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ke.Var) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 10:15quick helps
In a sentenceThe cherubim, angelic beings, rose upward, confirming their role as living creatures seen by the River Kebar.
Who is speakingEzekiel, recounting his vision of the cherubim.
Where we areIn a vision of divine beings and their movement, described in the context of Ezekiel's prophetic experiences.
The hard wordכְּרוּב
Take awayThe imagery of the cherubim emphasizes their role as guardians and divine messengers.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהִיא verbרָמֹם The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 10:15

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Ezekiel's Vision of the Cherubimgenerated

14Each of the cherubim had four faces: the first face was that of a cherub, the second that of a man, the third that of a lion, and the fourth that of an eagle.
15Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures I had seen by the River Kebar.
16When the cherubim moved, the wheels moved beside them, and even when they spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not veer away from their side.
17When the cherubim stood still, the wheels also stood still, and when they ascended, the wheels ascended with them, for the spirit of the living creatures was in the wheels.

Ezekiel 10:15 describes the movement of the cherubim, which are portrayed as living creatures in Ezekiel's vision. This passage is part of a larger narrative where Ezekiel witnesses the glory of God and the intricate details of the heavenly beings surrounding Him. The cherubim serve as a significant element in this vision, symbolizing divine presence and protection, as seen throughout the book of Ezekiel.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 10:18–19Then the glory of the LORD moved away from the threshold of the temple and stood above the cherubim.
2Ezekiel 8:6“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see what they are doing—the great abominations that the house of Israel is committing—to drive Me far from My sanctuary? Yet you will see even greater abominations.”
3Ezekiel 11:22Then the cherubim, with the wheels beside them, spread their wings, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.
4Hosea 9:12Even if they raise their children, I will bereave them of each one. Yes, woe be to them when I turn away from them!
5Ezekiel 10:20These were the living creatures I had seen beneath the God of Israel by the River Kebar, and I knew that they were cherubim.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word כְּרוּב, ha.ke.ru.Vimgenerated

The verb רָמֹם (ramam) means to rise or be exalted, indicating both a physical and metaphorical ascent. It is used here in the Niphal form, suggesting a passive action where the cherubim are raised up, emphasizing their divine nature and role in the heavenly hierarchy.

This rising is not just a physical movement but also a representation of their exalted status as guardians of God's presence. The use of this verb aligns with its occurrences in other biblical texts, where it often denotes a significant elevation or lifting up.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations agree in rendering the cherubim's action as rose upward, reflecting the same meaning across versions such as the BSB, KJV, ASV, and others.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּ (and they rose) governs the entire verse, with the subject being הַכְּרוּבִ֑ים (the cherubim) and the predicate describing their nature and the context of their rising.

The sentence structure emphasizes the action of the cherubim rising, followed by a clarification of their identity as living creatures seen by Ezekiel, highlighting both their movement and their significance.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּ as ἦραν (they lifted), which captures the same sense of elevation but may imply a more active role in the action compared to the Hebrew passive form.

This choice reflects a slight interpretative shift, suggesting the cherubim are not merely raised but actively lifting themselves, adding a layer of agency to their movement.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 10:15 describes how the cherubim, which are angelic beings, rose upward. Ezekiel identifies them as living creatures he had seen by the River Kebar, emphasizing their role in his vision and the divine presence they represent.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What are cherubim?

Cherubim are angelic beings depicted in the Bible as guardians, often associated with God's presence and serving important roles in heavenly visions.

Why does Ezekiel mention the River Kebar?

The River Kebar is significant as it is the location where Ezekiel received his visions during the Babylonian exile, symbolizing both a physical and spiritual journey.

What does it mean that the cherubim rose upward?

The rising of the cherubim signifies their exalted status and their role in the divine order, highlighting their connection to God's glory.

How do the cherubim relate to other biblical creatures?

Cherubim are unique in their representation, often depicted with multiple faces and wings, distinguishing them from other angelic beings and emphasizing their role as guardians.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the imagery of the cherubim rising upward teach us about their role in God's presence?
  2. How can we understand the significance of the River Kebar in Ezekiel's visions?
  3. In what ways do the descriptions of the cherubim compare to other angelic beings in the Bible?
  4. How does the concept of exaltation apply to our understanding of divine beings and their actions?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, noting the connection between the cherubim and their movement alongside the wheels, emphasizing their divine function.

JeromeVers. 15 seqq. c. 347–420
It is a creature that I saw beside the river Chobar. And when the Cherubim walked, the wheels also went beside them. And when the Cherubim lifted their wings to be lifted up from the ground, the wheels did not resist,
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 10 →

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 10:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the cherubim were lifted up,.... From the earth; [See comments on Ezekiel 1:19]; this [is] the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar: a river in Chaldea, where the prophet was when he

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 10 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the cherubims were lifted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar. This is the living creature that I saw by the river ... Chebar.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 10 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Were lifted up; or lifted up themselves, ready to attend on the Lord of glory, who was now departing from his polluted and impenitent people. The living creature: see ,19-22.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 10 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 10:15 And the cherubims were lifted up. This [is] the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar.Ver. 15. Were lifted up.] Or, They lift up themsdves - scil., to follow and attend their departing Lord. That I saw by the river of Chebar.] And now saw again, for further confirmation.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

15. were lifted up] The prophet identifies the manifestation with that seen at the Chebar when he perceives its movement. The verse is resumed in Ezekiel 10:19.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 10 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

15. Were lifted up — The prophet recognizes the same peculiarity of movement as had impressed him in the wheels when the vision first appeared (Ezekiel 1:20).

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 10 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures I had seen by the River Kebar.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The cherubim mounted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures I had seen by the River Kebar.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The cherubim rose up; these were the living beings I saw at the Kebar River.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the cherubims were lifted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the cherubim mounted up: this is the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the cherubim mounted up: this is the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the cherubim were lifted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Kebar.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And the Cherubims were lifted vp: this is the beast that I sawe at the riuer Chebar.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And the cherubim mounted up. This was the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And the cherubs are lifted up, it [is] the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And the cherubim are lifted up, it [is] the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the cherubim lifted themselves up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river Kebar.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then the cherubim—these were the living creatures that I had seen by the Kebar Canal—rose up.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And the cherubims were lifted up: this is the living creature that I had seen by the river Chobar.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Then the cherubim rose up in the air. They were the beings I'd seen beside the River Kebar.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the winged ones went up on high: this is the living being which I saw by the river Chebar.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseclauseverbיֵּרֹ֖מּוּthey.rosenoun phrase · subjectהַtheכְּרוּבִ֑יםcherubimclausesubjectהִ֣יאthatnoun phrase · predicateהַ[was].thenoun phraseחַיָּ֔הliving.creaturerelpאֲשֶׁ֥רwhichclauseverbרָאִ֖יתִיI.had.seenprepositional phrase · prepositionalבִּֽatnoun phraseנְהַרthe.riverכְּבָֽרof.Kebar

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of the verse, with 7 of the 8 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide a partially restored text, indicating some editorial intervention, but the core elements remain consistent across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּ הַכְּרוּבִ֑ים הִ֣יא הַחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי בִּֽנְהַר־ כְּבָֽר׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּἦρανהַכְּרוּבִ֑יםξερουβινהִ֣יאτοῦτοהַחַיָּ֔הζῷονאֲשֶׁ֥ררָאִ֖יתִיεἶδονבִּֽנְהַר־ποταμοῦ

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q73a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[וירמו] [הכרובים] [היא] [החיה] אשר [ראיתי] [בנהר] [כבר]

nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 10:15רָמֹםand they roand they roseרָמֹםכְּרוּבthe cherubithe cherubimכְּרוּבהוּאthatthatהוּאחַי[was] the l[was] the livinחַיאֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁררָאָהI had seenI had seenרָאָהנָהָרat [the] riat [the] river נָהָרכְּבָרKebarKebarכְּבָרחָיָהto liveto liveחָיָהנָהַרto flowto flowנָהַרכְּבָרalreadyalreadyכְּבָרחָבוֹרHaborHaborחָבוֹרכְּרוּבcherubcherubכְּרוּביָמִין[Ben]jamin[Ben]jaminיָמִיןתִּמֹרָהpalmpalmתִּמֹרָהאוֹפַןwheelwheelאוֹפַןטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵתעוֹףbirdbirdעוֹףשָׂדַיfieldfieldשָׂדַיצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַטכְּבָרChebarChebarכְּבָרפְּרָתEuphratesEuphratesפְּרָתנָהָרriverriverנָהָר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 10:15

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
וַיֵּרֹ֖מּוּvai.ye.Ro.mu and they rose H7426 Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ramam is a verb that means to rise or be exalted, either literally or figuratively, as seen in various KJV translations. It can also mean to lift oneself up or mount up.
Amplified meaning
be exalted, lifted up
Tyndale gloss
be exalted
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָמֹם (ramam) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be exalted or lifted up. It can denote both a literal and figurative rising, with forms indicating self-exaltation. The entries reference its use in Isaiah 33:10, where it appears in the Niphal form. Brown-Driver-Briggs also suggests a possible passive form in the Qal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָמֹם] vb. be exalted

Qal (perhaps pass. form)

Niph. Is 33:10

Hithpō‛l. (of cherubim)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7426 רָמֹם vb. denom. be wormy

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7426 ramam raw-mam'

a primitive root; to rise (literally or

figuratively):--exalt, get (oneself) up, lift up (self),

mount up.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָמֹם (ra.mam) — be exalted.

1) to be exalted, be lifted up

1a) (Qal) to be exalted

1b) (Niphal) to lift oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
Hc/VNw3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

roz: (1) (chabhatstseleth; anthos, "a flower" (So 2:1) krinon, "a lily" (Isa 35:1)): By general consent English Versions of the Bible is wrong: in So 2:1 margin reads "Hebrew habazzeleth, the autumn crocus" and in Isa 35:1, margin reads "or autumn crocus." This is the Colchicum autumnale (Natural Order, Liliaceae). A Targum on So 2:1 explains the Hebrew word as "narcissus" , a very common plant in the plains and mountains of Palestine and a great favorite with the natives. Two species, N. tazetta and N. serolinus (Natural Order, Amaryllideae), occur, the latter being the finer; they are autumn plants. All authorities agree…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Rose

Many varieties of the rose proper are indigenous to Syria. The famed rose of Damascus is white, but there are also red and yellow roses. In Cant. 2:1 and Isa. 35:1 the Hebrew word habatstseleth (found only in these passages), rendered “rose” (R.V. marg., “autumn crocus”), is supposed by some to mean the oleander, by others the sweet-scented narcissus (a native of Palestine), the tulip, or the daisy; but nothing definite can be affirmed regarding it.

The “rose of Sharon” is probably the cistus or rock-rose, several species of which abound in Palestine. “Mount Carmel especially abounds in the cistus, which in April covers some of the barer parts of the mountain with a glow not inferior to that of the Scottish heather.” (See MYRRH [2].)

Smith's Bible Dictionary

occurs twice only, viz. in (Solomon 2:1; Isaiah 35:1) There is much difference of opinion as to what particular flower is here denoted; but it appears to us most probable that the narcissus is intended. Chateaubriand mentions the narcissus as growing in the Plain of Sharon. Roses are greatly prized in the East, more especially for the sake of the rose-water, which is much request. Dr. Hooker observed seven species of wild roses in Syria.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The queen of flowers, highly esteemed in its native East for its fragrance, and the beauty of its form and colors. Several varieties of wild rose are still found in Palestine. The "rose of Sharon," sacredly associated with the heavenly Bridegroom, So 2:1 Isa 35:1, appears from the derivation of its Hebrew name to have been a bulbous plant; and is generally believed, in accordance with the ancient versions, to denote a plant of the narcissus family, perhaps the meadow-saffron, which grows in rich profusion on the plain of Sharon.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
הַכְּרוּבִ֑יםha.ke.ru.Vim the cherubim H3742 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
91× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A cherub is an angelic being in the Bible, often depicted as guarding important places like Eden or God's throne. They're also shown as images on the Ark of the Covenant. The KJV translates this word as cherub or cherubims.
Amplified meaning
angelic beings, heavenly guardians
Tyndale gloss
cherub
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּרוּב (kerub) refers to a cherub, an angelic being associated with guarding the Garden of Eden, flanking God's throne, and appearing as an image over the Ark of the Covenant. The term is of uncertain derivation and is used in both singular and plural forms (cherubim). Various texts, including Ezekiel, describe their roles and appearances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּרוּב 91 n.m. cherub

the living chariot of the theophanic God

as guards of the garden of Eden

as the throne of Yahweh Sabaoth

P gives an account

K and Ch describe the cherubim of the temple

Ezekiel describes the cherubim

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3742 כְּרוּב cherub

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3742 kruwb ker-oob'

of uncertain derivation; a cherub or imaginary

figure:--cherub, (plural) cherubims.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּרוּב (ke.ruv) — cherub.

1) cherub, cherubim (pl)

1a) an angelic being

1a1) as guardians of Eden

1a2) as flanking God's throne

1a3) as an image form hovering over the Ark of the Covenant

1a4) as the chariot of Jehovah (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Eastward of the garden of Eden Ge 3:24

→ In the tabernacle Ex 25:18-20; 37:7-9

→ The ark of the covenant rested beneath the wings of 1Ki 8:6,7; 2Ch 5:7,8; Heb 9:5

→ Figures of, embroidered

On the walls of the tabernacle Ex 26:1; 36:8

And on the curtain Ex 26:31; 36:35

→ In the temple 1Ki 6:23-29; 2Ch 3:10-13

→ Figures of

On the curtain 2Ch 3:14

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Form and appearance of

Eze 1:5-11,13,14

- Animated by the Spirit of God

Eze 1:12,20

- Engaged in accomplishing the purposes of God

Eze 1:15,21; 10:9-11,16,17

- The glory of God exhibited upon

Eze 1:22,26-28; 10:4,18,20

- Sound of their wings was as the voice of God

Eze 1:24; 10:5

- Placed at the entrance of Eden

Ge 3:24

- OF GOLD

. Formed out of, and at each end of the mercy seat

Ex 25:18-20

. Placed over the ark of the covenant

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) Angelic

Ge 3:24; Eze 10:5,20; 11:22

(2) Images of

Ex 25:18; 37:9; Nu 7:89; 1Sa 4:4; 1Ki 6:35; 2Ch 3:11

and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
הִ֣יאhi' that H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
הַחַיָּ֔הha.chai.Yah [was] the living creature H2416 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
498× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means life or being alive. It can refer to physical life, like in Genesis 1:20, or spiritual life, like in Psalm 30:5.
Amplified meaning
alive, full of life
Tyndale gloss
alive
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַי adj. alive, living

of God, as the living one, the fountain of life

of man

of animals, alive, living

animals and man

(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green

of water, fresh

(dub.) lively, active

reviving

base

[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18

ref

חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal

animal

in general

wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity

living beings, of the cherubic chariot

life, only in late poetry

appetite, activity of hunger

revival, renewal

base

חַיָּה n.f. community

base

חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life

life: physical

life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence

sustenance, maintenance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life

. of man

. of animals, alive, living

. animals and man

. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green

. of water, fresh

. (dub.) lively, active

. reviving

H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general

. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity

. living beings, of the cherubic chariot

. life, only in late poetry

. appetite, activity of hunger

. revival, renewal

H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical

. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence

. sustenance, maintenance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2416 chay khah'-ee

from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,

year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine

singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether

literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)

beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living

(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)

old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

see HEBREW for 02421

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַי (chay) — alive.

adj

1) living, alive

1a) green (of vegetation)

1b) flowing, fresh (of water)

1c) lively, active (of man)

1d) reviving (of the springtime)

Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)

חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.

kinsfolk

חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.

1) living thing, animal

1a) animal

1b) life

1c) appetite

1d) revival, renewal

Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)

חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.

community

חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.

1) life (abstract emphatic)

1a) life

1b) sustenance, maintenance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

liv'-ing kre'-tur:

(1) (nephesh chayyah, or nephesh hachayyah (nephesh, "breath" or "living things"; chayyah, "living"; compare Arabic nefs, "breath," chaiy, "living")): In the account of the creation this term is used of aquatic animals (Ge 1:21), of mammals (Ge 1:24) and of any animals whatsoever (Ge 2:19).

(2) ([chayyoth], plural of chayyah): The name of the "living creatures" of Eze 1:5-25, which had wings and the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle; compare Eze 10:1-22.

(3) (zoon, "living thing," "animal"): The four "living creatures" (the King James Version "beasts") of

and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
אֲשֶׁ֥ר'a.Sher which H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
רָאִ֖יתִיra.'I.ti I had seen H7200 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Amplified meaning
looked after, gazed at
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
בִּֽנְהַר־bin.har- at [the] river of H5104 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
119× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a river symbolizes prosperity, like the Nile or Euphrates, and is often used figuratively. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing the life-giving waters of the Promised Land. This word is also used to describe underground streams.
Amplified meaning
a flood
Tyndale gloss
river
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5104 נָהָר stream, river

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5104 nahar naw-hawr'

from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,

Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.

see HEBREW for 05102

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָהָר (na.har) — River.

This name means stream, river

Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)

נָהָר (na.har) — river.

1) stream, river

1a) stream, river

1b) (underground) streams

Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and they rose the cherubim that [was] the living creature which I had seen at [the] river of Kebar
כְּבָֽר׃ke.Var Kebar H3529 Noun proper
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Chebar river, also known as Kebar, is a river in Mesopotamia where many Israelites settled during their exile, as mentioned in the book of Ezekiel.
Amplified meaning
in Mesopotamia, a place of exile
Tyndale gloss
Chebar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּבָר (kebar) refers to the Chebar river in Mesopotamia, associated with the Israelite exiles during the Babylonian captivity. The name may imply 'far-off' and has been linked to other waterways like the 'Habor' or the 'Royal Canal' of Nebuchadnezzar. Its exact location remains unidentified.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּבָר n.pr.fl. Kĕbār, a river (or perhaps a canal) of Babylonia, not at present identified, by wh. the exiles, among whom Ez. ministered, were settled

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3529 כְּבָר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3529 Kbar keb-awr'

the same as 3528; length; Kebar, a river of

Mesopotamia:--Chebar. Compare 2249.

see HEBREW for 03528

see HEBREW for 02249

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּבָר (ke.var) — Chebar.

§ Chebar = "far-off"

a Babylonian river near which many Israelite exiles settled; maybe the 'Habor' or the 'Royal Canal' of Nebuchadnezzar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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