2 Chronicles 3:14 — Word Study
WLCוַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־ הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְכַרְמִ֣יל וּב֑וּץ וַיַּ֥עַל עָלָ֖יו כְּרוּבִֽים׃ ס
BSAHe madeʻâsâh▸ [to create, construct] the veilpôreketh [curtain, screen] of bluetᵉkêleth [violet, obtained from a specific type of mussel] purpleʼargâmân [royal, luxurious] and crimson yarnkarmîyl [deep red, carmine] and fine linenbûwts [highly valued, luxurious] with cherubimkᵉrûwb [angelic beings, guardians] wovenʻâlâh▸ [embroidered, ornamented] into itʻal [upon, on top of]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ | and he made | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת | the curtain | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| תְּכֵ֥לֶת | violet | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן | and purple | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְכַרְמִ֣יל | and crimson | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּב֑וּץ | and fine linen | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וַיַּ֥עַל | and he put up | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| עָלָ֖יו | on it | Preposition, suffix |
| כְּרוּבִֽים׃ ס | cherubim | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson yarn and fine linen, with cherubim woven into it. |
| KJV | ¶ And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon. |
| ASV | And he made the veil of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubim thereon. |
| YLT | And he maketh the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and causeth cherubs to go up on it. |
| WEB | He made the veil of blue, purple, crimson, and fine linen, and ornamented it with cherubim. |
| BBE | And he made the veil of blue and purple and red, of the best linen, worked with winged ones. |
Where they part company is in the description of the materials used for the veil — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is supported by a descriptive noun phrase and a prepositional phrase, clearly outlining the components and significance of the veil.
6 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָשָׂה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Chronicles 3:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Construction of the Templegenerated
2 Chronicles 3:14 describes the intricate details of the temple's construction, focusing on the veil that separates the holy from the most holy place. This veil, made of luxurious materials, not only serves a practical purpose but also reflects the beauty and holiness of the space where God dwells. The context emphasizes the careful craftsmanship that went into creating the temple, aligning with the broader themes of reverence and divine presence in the worship of Israel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 26:31–35 | Make a veil of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely spun linen, with cherubim skillfully worked into it. |
| 2 | Matthew 27:51 | At that moment the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth quaked and the rocks were split. |
| 3 | Hebrews 9:3 | Behind the second curtain was a room called the Most Holy Place, |
| 4 | Hebrews 10:20 | by the new and living way opened for us through the curtain of His body, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת, ha.pa.Ro.khetgenerated
The word הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת (ha-parokhet) refers specifically to a curtain or veil, particularly one that serves to separate sacred spaces. It is derived from a root meaning to shut off, highlighting its function as a divider between the holy and the most holy places in the temple.
In this verse, the veil is not merely a physical barrier; it represents the separation between God and humanity, necessitating careful design and construction. Its significance is underscored by the materials used, which are rich and vibrant, enhancing the sense of holiness in the temple.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ (vai.Ya.'as), meaning 'and he made', governs the entire sentence, indicating the action of creating the veil. The structure is straightforward, with a main clause followed by a series of noun phrases detailing the materials used.
The use of conjunctions to link the colors and materials emphasizes the richness of the veil, while the prepositional phrase עָלָ֖יו ('a.Lav) indicates the cherubim are intricately woven into it, highlighting their importance in the design.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the verb וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ is rendered as ἐποίησεν (epoiēsen), which also means 'he made'. This choice reflects a direct translation of the action without altering its meaning.
The term for the veil in the Septuagint is καταπέτασμα (katapetasma), which carries a similar connotation of a curtain or covering, maintaining the significance of the veil as a sacred separator.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Chronicles 3:14 explains how the craftsman made a beautiful veil for the temple using blue, purple, and crimson yarn along with fine linen. This veil was adorned with cherubim, symbolizing the divine presence. The materials used reflect the richness and importance of the temple.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The veil symbolizes the separation between God and humanity, marking the boundary of the most holy place where God's presence dwelled.
The colors blue, purple, and crimson were chosen for their richness and symbolism, representing royalty, divinity, and luxury.
Cherubim are angelic beings that symbolize God's presence and protection, often depicted in sacred spaces to emphasize holiness.
This verse highlights the meticulous attention to detail in the temple's construction, reflecting the importance of worship and the sacredness of God's dwelling place.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the veil represent in my own understanding of God's presence?
- How do the colors and materials of the veil enhance its significance?
- In what ways can I recognize the sacred spaces in my life?
- How can I appreciate the craftsmanship and effort that goes into creating places of worship?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Chronicles 3:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon. And he made the veil , [ hapaaroket (H6532)] - the divider, the separater, between the Holy and the most Holy Place.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Chronicles 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe veil, to wit, the inner veil before the most holy place by comparing this with .
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Chronicles 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Chronicles 3:14 And he made the vail [of] blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.Ver. 14. And he made the veil.] See on 1 Kings 6:21.
Read John Trapp on 2 Chronicles 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) The vail.—The Pârôkheth, or curtain, which divided the holy place from the holy of holies, is not mentioned in the existing text of 1 Kings 6:21, which passage, however, speaks of the chains of gold by which the vail was probably suspended. Blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen.—See Notes on 2 Chronicles 2:7; 2 Chronicles 2:14. Wrought.—See Note on “set,” 2 Chronicles 3:5. Here raised figures in tapestry or broidered work are meant. (See Exodus 26:31, which gives an identical description of the vail of the tabernacle.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Chronicles 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14 (cp. Exodus 26:31-32). The Vail No vail for Solomon’s Temple is mentioned in 1 Kings, but (1 Kings 6:31-32) doors of olive wood with cherubim carved upon them stood at the entrance of the Holy of Holies. The vail here described seems to have been borrowed by the Chronicler from the account of the tabernacle given in Exodus.
Read Cambridge on 2 Chronicles 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThis is an important addition to the description in Kings, where the veil is not mentioned. It was made of exactly the same colors as the veil of the tabernacle Exodus 26:31.
Read Albert Barnes on 2 Chronicles 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson yarn and fine linen, with cherubim woven into it.
He made the veil of blue, purple, crimson, and fine linen, and ornamented it with cherubim.
He made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson yarn and fine linen, with cherubim woven into it.
He made the curtain out of violet, purple, crimson, and white fabrics, and embroidered on it decorative cherubim.
Tyndale line
¶ And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.
And he made the veil of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubim thereon.
And he made the veil of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubim thereon.
And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubim upon it.
He made also the vaile of blew silke and purple, and crimosin, and fine linen, and wrought Cherubims thereon.
Strictly literal
And he made the veil of blue, and purple, and crimson, and byssus, and made cherubim upon it.
And he maketh the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and causeth cherubs to go up on it.
And he makes the veil of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and causes cherubim to go up on it.
And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought thereon cherubim.
He made the curtain of blue, purple, and crimson wool and fine linen, and he fashioned cherubs on it.
From the Latin
He made also a veil of violet, purple, scarlet, and silk: and wrought in it cherubims.
Simplified
He made the veil of blue, purple, and crimson embroidery on fine linen, with images of cherubim on it.
And he made the veil of blue and purple and red, of the best linen, worked with winged ones.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states that the veil was made of blue, purple, and crimson yarn, and fine linen, with cherubim woven into it. The Septuagint largely agrees with this description, matching 9 of the 10 words from the Masoretic Text, although the word order and articles differ due to the nature of the Greek translation. There are no significant differences in the content of the verse between these two witnesses.
וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ אֶת־ הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְכַרְמִ֣יל וּב֑וּץ וַיַּ֥עַל עָלָ֖יו כְּרוּבִֽים׃ ס
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Chronicles 3:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
פָּרֹ֫כֶת (poreketh) refers to a curtain or veil, specifically one that separates the Most Holy Place in the tabernacle. It is derived from a root meaning to shut off. The entries consistently emphasize its function as a screen or separatrix.
פָּרֹ֫כֶת 25 n.f. curtain, before Most Holy Place, in tabern. (P) (prop. that which habitually shuts off)
base
H6532 פָּרֹ֫כֶת curtain, before Most Holy Place, in tabern. (P) (prop. that which habitually shuts off)
6532 poreketh po-reh'-keth
feminine active participle of the same as 6531; a separatrix,
i.e. (the sacred) screen:--vail.
see HEBREW for 06531
פָּרֹ֫כֶת (po.re.khet) — curtain.
curtain, veil
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
kur'-t'-n, -ten, -tin: The word ordinarily used for curtain is yeri`ah. Thus in Ex 26:1 ff; 36:8 ff of the curtains of the tabernacle (see TABERNACLE); in 2Sa 7:2; Ps 104:2; So 1:5; Isa 54:2; Jer 4:20; 10:20; 49:29; Hab 3:7.
Figurative: In Isa 40:22 (like Ps 104:2, of the heavens), the word used is doq, literally, "gauze."
Curtain
(1.) Ten curtains, each twenty-eight cubits long and four wide, made of fine linen, also eleven made of goat’s hair, covered the tabernacle (Ex. 26:1-13; 36:8-17).
(2.) The sacred curtain, separating the holy of holies from the sanctuary, is designated by a different Hebrew word (peroketh). It is described as a “veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work” (Ex. 26:31; Lev. 16:2; Num. 18:7).
(3.) “Stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain” (Isa. 40:22), is an expression used with reference to the veil or awning which Orientals spread for a screen over their courts in summer.…
תְּכֵ֫לֶת (tekhelet) refers to a violet color, specifically associated with violet thread and fabric. The term may also encompass a broader spectrum, including blue hues. It is linked to the cerulean mussel, which produces the dye used for this color. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to both violet and blue.
תְּכֵ֫לֶת 48 n.f. violet, i.e. violet thread and stuff
base
H8504 תְּכֵ֫לֶת violet, i.e. violet thread and stuff
8504 tkeleth tek-ay'-leth
probably for 7827; the cerulean mussel, i.e. the color
(violet) obtained therefrom or stuff dyed therewith:--blue.
see HEBREW for 07827
תְּכֵ֫לֶת (te.khe.let) — blue.
1) violet, violet stuff
1a) violet thread
1b) violet stuff or fabric
2) (TWOT) blue (covering spectrum from brilliant red through deep purple)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
אַרְגָּמָן (argaman) refers to the color purple or the dyed material itself, specifically purple thread and cloth. The entries indicate that it encompasses shades of purple and red-purple, with a focus on its use in textiles.
אַרְגָּמָן n.[m.] purple, red-purple, i.e. purple thread & cloth
base
H713 אַרְגָּמָן purple
713 'argaman ar-gaw-mawn'
of foreign origin; purple (the color or the dyed
stuff):--purple.
אַרְגָּמָן (ar.ga.man) — purple.
purple, red-purple
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
pur'-p'-l ('argaman; Chaldaic 'argewan (2Ch 2:7); compare Arabic 'urjuwan, and Persian 'arghawan; porphura, porphureos Septuagint and New Testament)):
Purple dye was manufactured by the Phoenicians from a marine mollusk, Murex trunculus. The shell was broken in order to give access to a small gland which was removed and crushed. The crushed gland gives a milky fluid that becomes red or purple on exposure to the air. Piles of these broken shells still remain on the coast at Sidon and Tyre. The purple gland is found in various species of Murex and also of Purpura.
Purple cloth was used in the furnishings of the tabernacle (Ex 25:4, etc.) and of Solomon's temple (2Ch 2:14; 3:14); in the palanquin of Solomon (
The famous and costly Tyrian purple, the royal color of the ancients, is said to have been discovered by the Tyrian Hercules, whose dog having by chance eaten a shellfish called Purpura, and returning to his master with his lips tinged with a purple color, occasioned the discovery of this precious dye. Purple, however, is much more ancient than this, since we find it mentioned by Moses in several places. Two kinds of purple are mentioned in the Old Testament:
1. Argamon, rendered in our version "purple," denoting a reddish purple obtained from a species of muscle or shellfish found on the coasts of the Mediterranean.
2. Techieleth, rendered in the English Bible "blue." This was a bluish or cerulean purple, likewise obtained from another species of shellfish. The "scarlet" or "crimson," for the two words denote essentially the same color, was produced from the coccus in sect, coccus…
כַּרְמִיל (karmiyl) refers to a deep red color, specifically crimson or carmine. The term appears to denote crimson cloth or material and is noted as having a probable foreign origin. The entries consistently emphasize its association with the color red.
כַּרְמִיל n.[m.] crimson, carmine, i.e. crimson stuff, cloth; late
base
H3758 כַּרְמִיל
3758 karmiyl kar-mele'
probably of foreign origin; carmine, a deep red: -crimson.
כַּרְמִיל (kar.mil) — crimson.
crimson, red, carmine
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
See COLORS.
Crimson
See COLOUR.
2Ch 2:7-14 3:14. See PURPLE.
→ See COLOR
בּוּץ (buwts) refers to fine linen or byssus, a luxurious white cloth associated with ancient Egypt. It is derived from an unused root meaning to bleach or be white. The entries suggest a focus on the material's quality and color, indicating its significance in textiles.
בּוּץ, בֻּץ n.[m.] byssus (late)
base
H948 בּוּץ, בֻּץ
948 buwts boots
from an unused root (of the same form) meaning to bleach,
i.e. (intransitive) be white; probably cotton (of some
sort):--fine (white) linen.
בּוּץ (buts) — fine linen.
byssus, a costly, fine white linen cloth made in Egypt
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
lin'-en (badh, "white linen," used chiefly for priestly robes, buts, "byssus," a fine white Egyptian linen, called in the earlier writings shesh; pesheth, "flax," cadhin; bussos, othonion, linon, sindon): Thread or cloth made of flax.
1. History:
Ancient Egypt was noted for its fine linen (Ge 41:42; Isa 19:9). From it a large export trade was carried on with surrounding nations, including the Hebrews, who early learned the art of spinning from the Egyptians (Ex 35:25) and continued to rely on them for the finest linen (Pr 7:16; Eze 27:7). The culture of flax in Palestine probably antedated the conquest, for in
Linen
(1.) Heb., pishet, pishtah, denotes “flax,” of which linen is made (Isa. 19:9); wrought flax, i.e., “linen cloth”, Lev. 13:47, 48, 52, 59; Deut. 22:11.
Flax was early cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31), and also in Palestine (Josh. 2:6; Hos. 2:9). Various articles were made of it: garments (2 Sam. 6:14), girdles (Jer. 13:1), ropes and thread (Ezek. 40:3), napkins (
cloth made from flax. Several different Hebrew words are rendered linen, which may denote different fabrics of linen or different modes of manufacture. Egypt was the great centre of the linen trade. Some linen, made form the Egyptian byssus , a flax that grew on the banks of the Nile, was exceedingly soft and of dazzling whiteness. This linen has been sold for twice its weight in gold. Sir J.G. Wilkinson says of it, "The quality of the fine linen fully justifies all the praises of antiquity, and excites equal admiration at the present day, being to the touch comparable to silk, and not inferior in texture to our finest cambric."
As is well known, is made of the fine fibers of flax, and was much used by the ancients. Four different words in Hebrew are translated in our Bible, "Linen," "fine linen," and "silk:" PISHTAH, Jud 15:14 Eze 44:17,18; BAD, worn by the priests, Ex 28:42 39:28, and by king David, etc., 2Sa 6:14; SHESH, worn by Joseph when governor of Egypt, Ge 41:42, and by the virtuous woman in Pr 31:22, (see SILK;) and BUTZ, of which the veil of the temple and David’s outer mantle were made,
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhw3ms
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
כְּרוּב (kerub) refers to a cherub, an angelic being associated with guarding the Garden of Eden, flanking God's throne, and appearing as an image over the Ark of the Covenant. The term is of uncertain derivation and is used in both singular and plural forms (cherubim). Various texts, including Ezekiel, describe their roles and appearances.
כְּרוּב 91 n.m. cherub
the living chariot of the theophanic God
as guards of the garden of Eden
as the throne of Yahweh Sabaoth
P gives an account
K and Ch describe the cherubim of the temple
Ezekiel describes the cherubim
base
H3742 כְּרוּב cherub
3742 kruwb ker-oob'
of uncertain derivation; a cherub or imaginary
figure:--cherub, (plural) cherubims.
כְּרוּב (ke.ruv) — cherub.
1) cherub, cherubim (pl)
1a) an angelic being
1a1) as guardians of Eden
1a2) as flanking God's throne
1a3) as an image form hovering over the Ark of the Covenant
1a4) as the chariot of Jehovah (fig.)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
→ Eastward of the garden of Eden Ge 3:24
→ In the tabernacle Ex 25:18-20; 37:7-9
→ The ark of the covenant rested beneath the wings of 1Ki 8:6,7; 2Ch 5:7,8; Heb 9:5
→ Figures of, embroidered
On the walls of the tabernacle Ex 26:1; 36:8
And on the curtain Ex 26:31; 36:35
→ In the temple 1Ki 6:23-29; 2Ch 3:10-13
→ Figures of
On the curtain 2Ch 3:14
- Form and appearance of
Eze 1:5-11,13,14
- Animated by the Spirit of God
Eze 1:12,20
- Engaged in accomplishing the purposes of God
Eze 1:15,21; 10:9-11,16,17
- The glory of God exhibited upon
Eze 1:22,26-28; 10:4,18,20
- Sound of their wings was as the voice of God
Eze 1:24; 10:5
- Placed at the entrance of Eden
- OF GOLD
. Formed out of, and at each end of the mercy seat
. Placed over the ark of the covenant