Genesis 10:14 — Word Study
WLCוְֽאֶת־ פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים וְאֶת־ כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֥וּ מִשָּׁ֛ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְאֶת־ כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס
BSAthe PathrusitesPathruçîy [inhabitants of Pathros, in southern Egypt] the CasluhitesKaçluchîym [a fortified people] fromshâm whomʼăsher the PhilistinesPᵉlishtîy cameyâtsâʼ■ andʼêth the CaphtoritesKaphtôrîy [people from Caphtor, an island now known as Crete]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְֽאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים | [the] Pathrusites | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים | [the] Casluhites | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲשֶׁ֨ר | where | Particle |
| יָצְא֥וּ | they came out | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| מִשָּׁ֛ם | from there | Preposition, adverb |
| פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים | [the] Philistines | Noun gentilic, masculine plural absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס | [the] Caphtorites | Noun gentilic, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites. |
| KJV | And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. |
| ASV | and Pathrusim, and Casluhim (whence went forth the Philistines), and Caphtorim. |
| YLT | and the Pathrusim, and the Casluhim, (whence have come out Philistim,) and the Caphtorim. |
| WEB | Pathrusim, Casluhim (which the Philistines descended from), and Caphtorim. |
| BBE | And Pathrusim and Casluhim and Caphtorim, from whom came the Philistines. |
Where they part company is in the descriptions of the peoples listed — see How Translations Differ.
The structure is straightforward, listing the names of the peoples without additional clauses.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectפְּלִשְׁתִּי
verbיָצָא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Mizraimgenerated
Genesis 10:14 provides a brief list of the descendants of Mizraim, which includes the Pathrusites, Casluhites, and Caphtorites. These groups are part of the broader genealogical narrative that traces the lineage of the nations that emerged after the flood, emphasizing their origins and connections to Egypt and the Philistines. This context helps to understand the historical and cultural background of these peoples.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 11:11 | On that day the Lord will extend His hand a second time to recover the remnant of His people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 44:1 | This is the word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews living in the land of Egypt —in Migdol, Tahpanhes, and Memphis —and in the land of Pathros: |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 1:12 | the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 47:4 | For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every remaining ally. Indeed, the LORD is about to destroy the Philistines, the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 2:23 | And the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, were destroyed by the Caphtorites, who came out of Caphtor and settled in their place.) |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים, pat.ru.Simgenerated
The word פַּתְרֻסִים (Pathrusim) refers to a group of people from Pathros, a region in southern Egypt. The term indicates their geographic origin, linking them to the descendants of Egypt mentioned in the genealogies.
This noun is a proper name, indicating a specific people within the context of the descendants of Mizraim. The Pathrusites are noted for their connection to Egypt and their place in the lineage of nations.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יָצְא֥וּ (they came out) governs the sentence, with the subject פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (Philistines) following it. The sentence structure emphasizes the origin of the Philistines from the Casluhites.
The sentence lists multiple noun phrases, each identifying a group of people, which illustrates the genealogical relationships among these nations.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word for the Pathrusites is rendered as Παθουσῖνοι (Pathousinai), indicating a direct translation that maintains the geographic reference to Egypt.
The choice of terms in the Septuagint reflects the translators' intent to convey the same cultural and ethnic identities as found in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:14 lists the Pathrusites, Casluhites, and Caphtorites as descendants of Mizraim. The Pathrusites lived in southern Egypt, the Casluhites are noted as a fortified people from whom the Philistines came, and the Caphtorites are linked to the island of Crete.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The Pathrusites were a group of people from Pathros, a region in southern Egypt, mentioned as descendants of Mizraim.
The Casluhites are noted as the ancestors of the Philistines, highlighting their importance in the genealogical context.
The Caphtorites are identified as people from Caphtor, which is associated with the island of Crete.
This verse is part of the genealogical account in Genesis that traces the lineage of nations descended from Noah's sons after the flood.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the relationships between different nations from this verse?
- How do the origins of the Pathrusites, Casluhites, and Caphtorites reflect the historical context of the ancient Near East?
- In what ways do genealogies in the Bible help us understand cultural identities?
- How does the mention of the Philistines in this verse connect to their later significance in biblical narratives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Pathrusim,.... These are other descendants of Mizraim, the name of whose father very probably was Pathros, from whom the country of Pathros was called, and which is not only spoken of in
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BiblePathrusim, the inhabitants of Pathros; of which see , , . Out of whom came Philistim: the meaning is, they came out of his loins, or were his offspring, which might be true; though afterwards we find them seated amongst the offspring of Canaan, having driven out the former inhabitants, as was usual in those ancient times. Object. The Philistines are elsewhere said to come from Caphtorim: see . Answ. Therefore some make a trajection here, which is not unusual; and read the words thus, and Casluhim, and Caphtorim, out of whom me Philistim. But this seems forced, nor is it necessary; for the place may be thus read without any parenthesis, and Casluhim, out of whom came the Philistim and…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:14 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. Ver. 14.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13, 14) “With Mizraim are connected seven inferior African races, the names of which are given in the plural, namely:— 1. The Ludim.—There were two races of this name: one Semitic, descended from Lud, the son of Shem (Genesis 10:22), and mentioned in Isaiah 66:19; the other Hamite, and subject to the Pharaohs ( Jeremiah 46:9; Ezekiel 30:5). They seem to have inhabited the Nile valley, but their exact position is unknown.2. The Anamim.—Knobel gives some reasons for supposing this race to have inhabited the Delta. 3. The Lehabim.—Probably the same as the Lubim of 2 Chronicles 12:3; 2 Chronicles 16:8; Daniel 11:43; Nahum 3:9. Their home was on the western side of the Delta. 4. The…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. Pathrusim] The inhabitants of the Delta, in Egypt, according to the Chaldee paraphrase; but, according to Bochart, the people who inhabited the Thebaid, called Pathros in Scripture. Casluhim] The inhabitants of Colchis; for almost all authors allow that Colchis was peopled from Egypt. Philistim] The people called Philistines, the constant plagues and frequent oppressors of the Israelites, whose history may be seen at large in the books of Samuel, Kings, &c. Caphtorim] Inhabitants of Cyprus according to Calmet.
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. Pathrusim] Clearly to be identified with Upper Egypt, “the southlanders.” “The land of the midday,” Egyptian Ptrsi, is the Pathros of Isa 11:11; Jeremiah 44:1; Jeremiah 44:15; Ezekiel 29:14; Ezekiel 30:14. Casluhim] Not known; LXX Χασμωνιείμ, which has caused Max Mόller to conjecture Nasamonim, a tribe in the vicinity of the great oasis of Ammon. Cf. 1 Chronicles 1:12. (whence went forth the Philistines), and Caphtorim] The parenthetical clause within the brackets seems to be out of place. According to Deuteronomy 2:23, Jeremiah 47:4, Amos 9:7 the Philistines came out of Caphtor. Accordingly, we may conjecture the clause originally stood after the word “Caphtorim,” and has been…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible14. Pathrusim — Inhabitants of Pathros, an Egyptian word meaning southern region, (Gesenius,) Upper Egypt, Thebais. Casluhim — Or better, Kasluchim.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites.
Pathrusim, Casluhim (which the Philistines descended from), and Caphtorim.
the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites.
Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and Caphtorites.
Tyndale line
And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.
and Pathrusim, and Casluhim (whence went forth the Philistines), and Caphtorim.
and Pathrusim, and Casluhim (whence went forth the Philistines), and Caphtorim.
And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.
Pathrusim also, and Casluhim (out of whom came the Philistims) and Caphtorims.
Strictly literal
and the Pathrusim, and the Casluhim, out of whom came the Philistines, and the Caphtorim.
and the Pathrusim, and the Casluhim, (whence have come out Philistim,) and the Caphtorim.
and the Pathrusim, and the Casluhim (from where have come out Philistim), and the Caphtorim.
And the Pethrussim, and Casluchin, [out of whom came the Pelishtim,] and the Caphtorim.
the Pathrusites, the Kasluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and the Caphtorites.
From the Latin
And Phetrusim, and Chasluim; of whom came forth the Philistines, and the Capthorim.
Simplified
the Pathrusites, the Casluhites, and the Caphtorites (ancestors of the Philistines).
And Pathrusim and Casluhim and Caphtorim, from whom came the Philistines.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the Pathrusites, Casluhites, and Caphtorites, noting that the Philistines came from the Casluhites. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in most of its wording, although it presents the text in a different order and structure. The Samaritan Pentateuch matches the Masoretic Text word for word, confirming its accuracy in this instance. There are no significant differences among these witnesses regarding this verse.
וְֽאֶת־ פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים וְאֶת־ כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֥וּ מִשָּׁ֛ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְאֶת־ כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס
7 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואת פתרסים ואת כסלחים אשׁר יצאו משׁם פלשׁתים ואת כפתרים
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · particleHC/To
פַּתְרֻסִים (Pathruciy) refers to the Pathrusim, a group of people descended from Pathros, a region in Egypt. The term is used in the context of the descendants of various Egyptian tribes mentioned in Genesis 10:14. It is identified as a patrial form derived from another Hebrew word, indicating its connection to the inhabitants of Pathros.
פַּתְרֻסִים adj.gent.pl. of foregoing [q.ef.ac], as subst.
base
H6625 פַּתְרֻסִים
6625 Pathruciy path-roo-see'
patrial from 6624; a Pathrusite, or inhabitant of
Pathros:--Pathrusim.
see HEBREW for 06624
פַּתְרֻסִים (pat.ru.si) — Pathrusim.
People descended from Pathrus(?) of the Egyptians, first mentioned at Gen.10.14; descended from Egypt (H4714); along with Ludim (H3866), Anamim (H6047), Lehabim (H3853), Naphtuhim (H5320), Casluhim (H3695) and Caphtorim (H3732)
§ Pathrusim, of Pathros "region of the south"
inhabitants of Pathros
Ngmpa — Noun properHNpl
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
כַּסְלֻחִים (kasluchim) refers to the Casluhim, a people likely of foreign origin related to the Egyptians. They are mentioned in Genesis 10:14 as descendants of Mizraim (Egypt) and are noted as progenitors of the Philistines and Caphtorim. The term may mean 'fortified,' but its exact identification remains unclear.
כַּסְלֻחִים n.pr.gent. not identif.
base
H3695 כַּסְלֻחִים not identif.
3695 Kacluchiym kas-loo'-kheem
a plural probably of foreign derivation; Casluchim, a people
cognate to the Egyptians:--Casluhim.
כַּסְלֻחִים (kas.lu.chim) — Casluhim.
People descended from Casluch(?) of the Egyptians, first mentioned at Gen.10.14; descended from Egypt (H4714); along with Ludim (H3866), Anamim (H6047), Lehabim (H3853), Naphtuhim (H5320), Pathrusim (H6625) and Caphtorim (H3732);
progenitors of: the Philistine (H6430);
§ Casluhim = "fortified"
a people or tribe descended from Mizraim (Egypt) progenitors of the Philistines and Caphtorim
Ngmpa — Noun proper masculineHNpm
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.
יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out
Qal
go or come out or forth
from (מִן) a place
go forth from (the presence of) a person
in technical senses
of flight, involving escape
depart
of inanimate things
with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
of children as going forth from loins (of father)
go forth to a place
go forward, proceed to or toward something
come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
of combinations
Hiph.
cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
bring out animals
inanimate obj.
fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
Hoph. be brought forth
base
H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place
. go forth from (the presence of) a person
. in technical senses
. of flight, involving escape
. depart
. of inanimate things
. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
. of children as going forth from loins (of father)
. . go forth to a place
. go forward, proceed to or toward something
. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
. of combinations
. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
. bring out animals
. inanimate obj.
. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
. be brought forth
3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'
a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great
variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct
and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X
begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come
(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,
depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,
fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,
out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),
going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,
lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X
scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring
out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any
time, X to (and fro), utter.
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.
: come/go_out/escape
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.
: send/take_out/release
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
Prep | Adv — Preposition · adverbHR/D
The Hebrew word פְּלִשְׁתִּי (*pelishtiy*) means 'Philistine' and refers to an inhabitant of Philistia, with roots indicating they are descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor. It is derived from the lemma for Philistia, פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת (*peleshet*), and is first mentioned in Genesis 10:14.
פְּלִשְׁתִּי 288 adj.gent. Philistine
base
H6430 פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
6430 Plishtiy pel-ish-tee'
patrial from 6429; a Pelishtite or inhabitant of
Pelesheth:--Philistine.
see HEBREW for 06429
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — Philistine.
Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
Another spelling of pe.le.shet (פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת "Philistia" H6429)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — Philistine.
A Philistine living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.14;
son of: Casluhim (H3695)
§ Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — (Sea of the) Philistines.
Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Ngmpa — Noun gentilic · masculine plural absoluteHNgmpa
fi-lis'-tinz, fil'-is-tinz, fil'-is-tinz (pelishtim; Phulistieim, allophuloi):
I. OLD TESTAMENT NOTICES
1. Race and Origin
2. Religion
3. Individual Philistines Mentioned
4. Title of Ruler and Circumcision
5. History in the Old Testament to Death of Saul
6. History Continued to Time of Ahaz
7. Later Notices
II. MONUMENTAL NOTICES
1. Palestinian Excavations
2. Egyptian Monuments
3. Assyrian Texts
III. THE CRETAN THEORY
1. Cherethim and Kretes
2. Caphtor and Keft
IV. DAVID'S GUARDS
1. The "Cherethi" and the "Pelethi" Not Mercenaries
2. Meaning of These Terms
3. Native Hebrews
4. Review
LITERATURE
I. Old Testament Notices.
1. Race and Origin:
The Philistines were an uncircumcised people inhabiting the shore plain between Gezer and Gaza in Southwestern Palestine (see PHILISTIA). The name Palestine itself (Hebrew pelesheth) refers to their country. The word means "migrants," and they came from another country. They…
Philistines
(Gen. 10:14, R.V.; but in A.V., “Philistim”), a tribe allied to the Phoenicians. They were a branch of the primitive race which spread over the whole district of the Lebanon and the valley of the Jordan, and Crete and other Mediterranean islands. Some suppose them to have been a branch of the Rephaim (2 Sam. 21:16-22). In the time of Abraham they inhabited the south-west of Judea, Abimelech of Gerar being their king (Gen. 21:32, 34; 26:1). They are, however, not noticed among the Canaanitish tribes mentioned in the Pentateuch. They are spoken of by Amos (9:7) and Jeremiah (47:4) as from Caphtor, i.e., probably Crete, or, as some think, the Delta of Egypt. In the whole record from Exodus to Samuel they are…
(immigrants), The origin of the Philistines is nowhere expressly stated in the Bible; but as the prophets describe them as "the Philistines-from Caphtor," (Amos 9:7) and "the remnant of the maritime district of Caphtor" (Jeremiah 47:4) it is prima facie probable that they were the Caphtorim which came out of Caphtor" who expelled the Avim from their territory and occupied it; in their place, (2:23) and that these again were the Caphtorim mentioned in the Mosaic genealogical table among the descendants of Mizraim. (Genesis 10:14) It has been generally assumed that Caphtor represents Crete, and that the Philistines migrated from that island, either directly or through Egypt, into Palestine. But the name Caphtor is more probably…
A celebrated people, who inhabited the southern seacoast of Canaan, which from them took the name of Philistia, Ps 60:8 108:9, or Palestine. They seem originally to have migrated form Egypt to Caphtor, by which some understand Crete, and others with the ancients Cappadocia, Ge 10:14, and thence to have passed over to Palestine under the name of Caphtorim, where they drove out the Avim, who dwelt from Hazerim to Azzah, that is, Gaza, and swelt in their stead, De 2:23. The country they inhabited lay between the higher land of Judea and the Mediterranean, and was in the main a level and fertile territory. It resembles our own western prairies; and bears splendid crops year after year, though miserably cultivated and never manured.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
כַּפְתֹּרִי (Kaphtoriy) refers to the Cretans, specifically the inhabitants of Caphtor, which is identified with Crete. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to crown' and is associated with a group mentioned in Genesis 10:14, descended from Egypt. It is used collectively to denote the Caphtorim.
[כַּפְתֹּרִי] adj.gent., only pl. as subst. Cretans
base
H3732 כַּפְתֹּרִי Cretans
3732 Kaphtoriy kaf-to-ree'
patrial from 3731; a Caphtorite (collectively) or native of
Caphtor:--Caphthorim, Caphtorim(-s).
see HEBREW for 03731
כַּפְתֹּרִי (kaph.to.ri) — Caphtorim.
Someone from Caphtor (Crete) of the Egyptians, first mentioned at Gen.10.14; descended from Egypt (H4714); along with Ludim (H3866), Anamim (H6047), Lehabim (H3853), Naphtuhim (H5320), Pathrusim (H6625) and Casluhim (H3695)
§ Caphtorim, of Caphtor "a crown"
Cretans as the inhabitants of Caphtor as distinct from the Philistines
Ngmpa — Noun gentilic · masculine plural absoluteHNgmpa