Genesis 36:4 — Word Study
WLCוַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־ אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־ רְעוּאֵֽל׃
BSAAnd AdahʻÂdâh [a wife of Esau, a Hittite woman] boreyâlad▸ [to beget, gave birth to] EliphazʼĔlîyphaz [my God is gold, a son of Esau] to EsauʻÊsâv [hairy, the son of Isaac] ◂BasemathBosmath [a daughter of Ishmael, an Arabian woman] gave birth toyâlad■ [to bear, to bring forth] ReuelRᵉʻûwʼêl [friend of God, a son of Esau]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתֵּ֧לֶד | and she bore | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| עָדָ֛ה | Adah | Noun proper feminine |
| לְעֵשָׂ֖ו | to Esau | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| אֱלִיפָ֑ז | Eliphaz | Noun proper masculine |
| וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת | and Basemath | Conjunction, noun proper feminine |
| יָלְדָ֖ה | she bore | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| רְעוּאֵֽל׃ | Reuel | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath gave birth to Reuel, |
| KJV | And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel; |
| ASV | And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Basemath bare Reuel; |
| YLT | And Adah beareth to Esau, Eliphaz; and Bashemath hath born Reuel; |
| WEB | Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz. Basemath bore Reuel. |
| BBE | Adah had a son Eliphaz; and Basemath was the mother of Reuel; |
Where they part company is in the rendering of the births — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses connected by a conjunction, each detailing the births of Esau's sons.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectעָדָה
verbיָלַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 36:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Esaugenerated
Genesis 36:4 details the births of Eliphaz and Reuel, sons of Esau, through his wives Adah and Basemath. This genealogy is part of a larger narrative that traces the lineage of Esau, who is a significant figure in the history of the Israelites, as he is the twin brother of Jacob and the ancestor of the Edomites. The context emphasizes the importance of family lineage in biblical narratives, particularly in relation to the promises made to Abraham and Isaac.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 1:35 | The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. |
| 2 | Job 2:11 | Now when Job’s three friends—Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite—heard about all this adversity that had come upon him, each of them came from his home, and they met together to go and sympathize with Job and comfort him. |
| 3 | Exodus 2:18 | When the daughters returned to their father Reuel, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?” |
| 4 | Numbers 10:29 | Then Moses said to Hobab, the son of Moses’ father-in-law Reuel the Midianite, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD said: ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us, and we will treat you well, for the LORD has promised good things to Israel.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָלַד, va.Te.ledgenerated
The Hebrew verb יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear or give birth, encompassing both the act of childbirth and the role of midwives. It is used frequently throughout the Old Testament to denote lineage and ancestry.
In this verse, it specifically indicates that Adah bore Eliphaz and Basemath bore Reuel, highlighting the continuation of family lines. The parsing as a third person feminine singular verb indicates that Adah and Basemath are the subjects who perform the action of giving birth.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַתֵּ֧לֶד, and she bore, governs the structure of the verse, with two noun phrases following: the first describes the son Eliphaz, and the second describes Reuel. The structure emphasizes the sequential nature of the births.
The Hebrew word order places the mothers' names first, highlighting their roles in the lineage of Esau. The use of conjunctions indicates the continuation of thought in this genealogical context.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb יָלַד is rendered as ἔτεκεν, which also means 'to bear' or 'to give birth'. This choice reflects a direct translation of the Hebrew meaning without expanding its implications.
The consistency between the Hebrew and Greek terms underscores the importance of lineage in both texts, maintaining the focus on the act of childbirth.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 36:4 tells us that Adah bore Eliphaz and Basemath gave birth to Reuel. These births are part of the genealogy of Esau, who is significant in the biblical narrative as the brother of Jacob. This verse emphasizes the importance of family lineage in the Bible.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that Adah gave birth to Eliphaz, establishing his place in the lineage of Esau.
Basemath was a wife of Esau and the mother of Reuel, contributing to the family line of Esau.
Genealogy is important as it establishes lineage, inheritance, and God's promises through specific families.
The name Eliphaz means 'my God is gold,' indicating a connection to wealth and prosperity.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance does the lineage of Esau hold in the broader biblical narrative?
- How do the names of Esau's sons reflect their cultural and familial heritage?
- In what ways can understanding genealogy enhance our reading of the Bible?
- How does the act of childbirth in this verse connect to the themes of family and legacy?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome references this verse to identify Eliphaz as a significant figure in the book of Job, noting the importance of lineage in biblical narratives.
And Ada gave birth to Esau Eliphaz. This is Eliphaz, whose name is mentioned in the book of Job.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 36 →
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 36:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz,.... This son of Esau, according to Jerom (n), is the same with him mentioned in the book of Job, as one of his friends that came to visit him, Job 2:11; and so says the
Read John Gill on Genesis 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 36 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEliphaz, the progenitor of that Eliphaz, . Reuel, the father of Jethro. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 36 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 36:4 And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel;Ver. 4. Eliphaz.] Job’ s friend, say some: a good man; but much mistaken in Job, whom he so sharply censures.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 36 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. Eliphaz] Familiar as the name of one of Job’s friends, Job 2:11. Reuel] The same name as that of Moses’ father-in-law, a Midianite, Exodus 2:18.
Read Cambridge on Genesis 36 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleESAU’S WIVES AND , AND THEIR REMOVAL TO MOUNT SEIR, Genesis 36:1-8. A comparison of the names of Esau’s wives, as given here and in Genesis 26:34; Genesis 28:9, will show noticeable differences. Here we have:1.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath gave birth to Reuel,
Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz. Basemath bore Reuel.
And Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath gave birth to Reuel,
Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath bore Reuel,
Tyndale line
And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Bashemath bare Reuel;
And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Basemath bare Reuel;
And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and Basemath bare Reuel;
And Adah bore to Esau, Eliphaz; and Bashemath bore Reuel;
And Adah bare vnto Esau, Eliphaz: and Basemath bare Reuel.
Strictly literal
And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz; and Basmath bore Reuel.
And Adah beareth to Esau, Eliphaz; and Bashemath hath born Reuel;
And Adah bears to Esau, Eliphaz; and Bashemath has borne Reuel;
And Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz; and Bahsemath bore Reuel;
Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
From the Latin
And Ada bore Eliphaz: Basemath bore Rahuel:
Simplified
Adah had a son for Esau named Eliphaz. Basemath had Reul.
Adah had a son Eliphaz; and Basemath was the mother of Reuel;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־ אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־ רְעוּאֵֽל׃. The Septuagint matches 7 of the 9 words, maintaining the core meaning.
The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, replacing Basemath with מחלת (Mahalath), while the Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align closely with the Masoretic Text.
וַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־ אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־ רְעוּאֵֽל׃
7 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ותלד עדה לעשׂו את אליפז ומחלת ילדה את רעואל
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: מחלת (Mahalath)
[ותלד] [עדה] [לעשו] [את] [אליפז] [ובשמת] [ילדה] [את] רעואל
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 36:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqw3fs
bor: According to the Book of the Covenant (Ex 20:20-23:33) a slave whom his master had purchased was to be released after six years. Should he choose to remain in his master's service a religious ceremony was necessary to ratify his decision. "Then his master shall bring him unto God" (better than "unto the judges" of the King James Version), "and shall bring him to the door, or unto the doorpost; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl" (Ex 21:6). It is highly improbable that "unto God" means "to a sanctuary"; for there was no special reason for performing this ceremony near the door of a sanctuary. On the other hand the entrance to a private house was a sacred spot. According to primitive thinking near the door dwelt the household gods whose function it was to…
עָדָה (Adah) refers to a name meaning 'ornament.' It is associated with two women in the Old Testament: one is the wife of Lamech, mother of Jabal and Jubal, and the other is a Hittite wife of Esau, mother of Eliphaz, who is also called Basemath. The word is built from the root meaning 'ornament'.
עָדָה n.pr.f. wife,
of Lamech
of Esau
base
H5711 עָדָה wife, . of Lamech
. of Esau
5711 `Adah aw-daw'
from 5710; ornament; Adah, the name of two women:--Adah.
see HEBREW for 05710
עָדָה (a.dah) — Adah.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.4.19; married to Lamech (H3929);
mother of: Jabal (H2989) and Jubal (H3106)
§ Adah = "ornament"
1) the 1st of the 2 wives of Lamech and mother of Jabal and Jubal
2) a Hittitess, 1 of the 3 wives of Esau and mother of Eliphaz
2a) also called 'Bashemath'
עָדָה (a.dah) — Adah.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.26.34;
daughter of: Elon (H0356); married to Esau (H6215);
mother of: Eliphaz (H0464); also called Basemath (KJV: Bashemath) at Gen.26.34;
Also named: bos.mat (בָּֽשְׂמַת "Basemath" H1315H)
§ Adah = "ornament"
1) the 1st of the 2 wives of Lamech and mother of Jabal and Jubal
2) a Hittitess, 1 of the 3 wives of Esau and mother of Eliphaz
2a) also called 'Bashemath'
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
a'-da (`adhah, "adornment"):
(1) One of the two wives of Lamech the descendant of Cain (Ge 4:19,20,23). The narrative in Ge assigns to her two sons, Jabal the "father" of tent-dwelling people, and Jubal the "father" of all such as handle the harp and pipe." Josephus says that Lamech had 77 sons by Ada and Zillah (Ant., I, ii, 2).
(2) According to Ge 36:2,4,10,12,16, the Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Elon, and mother of Eliphaz. In this chapter Esau's other wives are Oholibamah, a Hivite, and Basemath the daughter of Ishmael. The names are differently given elsewhere (Ge 26:34; 28:9). Basemath is said to be the daughter of Elon. The daughter of Ishmael is called Mahalath. In place of Oholibamah the Hivite we find Judith the…
(ornament, beauty). The first of the two wives of Lamech, by whom were borne to him Jabal and Jubal. (Genesis 4:19) (B.C. 3600). A Hittitess, one of the three wives of Esau, mother of Eliphaz. (Genesis 36:2,10,12,16) In (Genesis 26:34) she is called BASHEMATH. (B.C. 1797.)
an assembly
עֵשָׂו (Esav) refers to Esau, the hairy eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the twin brother of Jacob. He is noted for selling his birthright for food and is considered the progenitor of the Arab peoples. The name is also associated with Edom, and the entries indicate that it derives from a root meaning 'rough' or 'sensibly felt.'
עֵשָׂו 97 n.pr.m. Esau
base
H6215 עֵשָׂו Esau
6215 `Esav ay-sawv'
apparently a form of the passive participle of 6213 in the
original sense of handling; rough (i.e. sensibly felt); Esav,
a son of Isaac, including his posterity:--Esau.
see HEBREW for 06213
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Also named: e.dom (אֱדוֹם "Edom" H0123H)
§ Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
People descended from Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
e'-so (`esaw, "hairy"; Esau):
Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. The name was given on account of the hairy covering on his body at birth: "all over like a hairy garment" (Ge 25:25). There was a prenatal foreshadowing of the relation his descendants were to sustain to those of his younger brother, Jacob (Ge 25:23). The moment of his birth also was signalized by a circumstance that betokened the same destiny (Ge 25:26).
The young Esau was fond of the strenuous, daring life of the chase--he became a skillful hunter, "a man of the field" ('ish sadheh). His father warmed toward him rather than toward Jacob, because Esau's hunting expeditions resulted in meats that appealed to the old man's taste (
Esau
Hairy, Rebekah’s first-born twin son (Gen. 25:25). The name of Edom, “red”, was also given to him from his conduct in connection with the red lentil “pottage” for which he sold his birthright (30, 31). The circumstances connected with his birth foreshadowed the enmity which afterwards subsisted between the twin brothers and the nations they founded (25:22, 23, 26). In process of time Jacob, following his natural bent, became a shepherd; while Esau, a “son of the desert,” devoted himself to the perilous and toilsome life of a huntsman. On a certain occasion, on returning from the chase, urged by the cravings of hunger, Esau sold his birthright to his brother, Jacob, who thereby obtained the covenant blessing (Gen. 27:28, 29, 36;
(hairy), the eldest son of Isaac, and twin-brother of Jacob. The singular appearance of the child at his birth originated the name. (Genesis 25:25) Esau’s robust frame and "rough" aspect were the types of a wild and daring nature. He was a thorough Bedouin, a "son of the desert." He was much loved by his father, and was of course his heir, but was induced to sell his birthright to Jacob. Mention of his unhappy marriages may be found in (Genesis 26:34) The next episode in the life of Esau is the loss of his father’s covenant blessing, which Jacob secured through the craft of his mother, and the anger of Esau, who vows vengeance. (Genesis 27:1) ... Later he marries a daughter of Ishmael, (
The son of Isaac, and twin brother of Jacob, Ge 25:1-34. He was the elder of the two, and was therefore legally the heir, but sold his birthright to Jacob. We have an account of his ill-advised marriages, Ge 26:34; of his loss of his father’s chief blessing, and his consequent anger against Jacob, Ge 27:1-46; of their subsequent reconciliation, Ge 32:1-33:20; and of his posterity, Ge 36:1-43. He is also called Edom; and settled in the mountains south of the Dead Sea, extending to the gulf of Akaba, where he became very powerful. This country was called from him the land of Edom, and afterwards IDUMAEA, which see.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
אֱלִיפַז (Eliyphaz) refers to a name meaning 'my God is (fine) gold.' It denotes both a son of Esau and a friend of Job. The entries highlight his lineage, including his mother Adah and his children, as well as his role in the Book of Job.
אֱלִיפַז n.pr.m. (God of fine gold?)
son of Esau
friend of Job
base
H464 אֱלִיפַז (God of fine gold?) . son of Esau
. friend of Job
464 'Eliyphaz el-ee-faz'
from 410 and 6337; God of gold; Eliphaz, the name of one of
Job's friends, and of a son of Esau:--Eliphaz.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 06337
אֱלִיפַז (e.li.phaz) — Eliphaz.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.4;
son of: Esau (H6215) and Adah (H5711H);
half-brother of: Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); married to Timna (H8555);
father of: Teman (H8487), Omar (H0201), Zepho (H6825), Gatam (H1609), Kenaz (H7073), Amalek (H6002H) and Korah (H7141H)
§ Eliphaz = "my God is (fine) gold"
1) Esau's son, father of Teman
2) the Temanite friend of Job
אֱלִיפַז (e.li.phaz) — Eliphaz.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Job.2.11
§ Eliphaz = "my God is (fine) gold"
1) Esau's son, father of Teman
2) the Temanite friend of Job
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Eliphaz
God his strength. (1.) One of Job’s “three friends” who visited him in his affliction (4:1). He was a “Temanite”, i.e., a native of Teman, in Idumea. He first enters into debate with Job. His language is uniformly more delicate and gentle than that of the other two, although he imputes to Job special sins as the cause of his present sufferings. He states with remarkable force of language the infinite purity and majesty of God (4:12-21; 15:12-16).
(2.) The son of Esau by his wife Adah, and father of several Edomitish tribes (Gen. 36:4, 10, 11, 16).
(God is his strength). The son of Esau and Adah, and the father of Teman. (Genesis 36:4; 1 Chronicles 1:35,36) The chief of the "three friends" of Job. He is called "the Temanite;" hence it is naturally inferred that he was a descendant of Teman. On him falls the main burden of the argument, that God’s retribution in this world is perfect and certain, and that consequently suffering must be a proof of previous sin. Job 4,5,15,22. The great truth brought out by him is the unapproachable majesty and purity of God. (Job 4:12-21; 15:12-16) [JOB, JOB, BOOK OF]
the endeavor of God
בָּֽשְׂמַת (Bosmath) refers to a name associated with two women in the Old Testament: a Hittite wife of Esau and a daughter of Solomon who married Ahimaaz. The word is linked to the concept of fragrance or spice. There is some variation in spelling, with references to both Bashemath and Basmath.
בָּֽשְׂמַת n.pr.f. (perfume?)
Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
base
H1315 בָּֽשְׂמַת (perfume?) . Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
. daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
1315 Bosmath bos-math'
feminine of 1314 (the second form); fragrance; Bosmath, the
name of a wife of Esau, and of a daughter of Solomon:--
Bashemath, Basmath.
see HEBREW for 01314
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.15;
daughter of: Solomon (H8010);
sister of: Taphath (H2955) and Rehoboam (H7346); married to Ahimaaz (H0290I)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.26.34;
daughter of: Elon (H0356); married to Esau (H6215);
mother of: Eliphaz (H0464); also called Basemath (KJV: Bashemath) at Gen.26.34;
Another name of a.dah (עָדָה "Adah" H5711H)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper feminineHC/Npf
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
bor: According to the Book of the Covenant (Ex 20:20-23:33) a slave whom his master had purchased was to be released after six years. Should he choose to remain in his master's service a religious ceremony was necessary to ratify his decision. "Then his master shall bring him unto God" (better than "unto the judges" of the King James Version), "and shall bring him to the door, or unto the doorpost; and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl" (Ex 21:6). It is highly improbable that "unto God" means "to a sanctuary"; for there was no special reason for performing this ceremony near the door of a sanctuary. On the other hand the entrance to a private house was a sacred spot. According to primitive thinking near the door dwelt the household gods whose function it was to…
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
רְעוּאֵל (Reu'el) means "friend of God" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Most notably, it identifies Moses' father-in-law, also known as Jethro, and an Edomite son of Esau. The entries note connections to the tribes of Gad and Benjamin, with references to various genealogies and historical contexts.
רְעוּאֵל n.pr.m.
Moses’ father-in-law
Edomite
Gadite
Benjamite
base
H7467 רְעוּאֵל . Moses’ father-in-law
. Edomite
. Gadite
. Benjamite
7467 R`uw'el reh-oo-ale'
from the same as 7466 and 410; friend of God; Reuel, the name
of Moses' father-in-law, also of an Edomite and an
Israelite:--Raguel, Reuel.
see HEBREW for 07466
see HEBREW for 0410
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.4;
son of: Esau (H6215) and Mahalath (H4258);
half-brother of: Eliphaz (H0464), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141);
father of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
3) father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai
4) a Benjamite, ancestor of Elah
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at 1Ch.9.8;
son of: Ibnijah (H2998);
father of: Shephatiah (H8203H)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
roo'-el (re`u'el, "God is his friend"; the Septuagint Rhagouel):
(1) In the genealogical system Reuel is both a son of Esau by Basemath (Ge 36:4,10,13,17; 1Ch 1:35,37) and the father of the father-in-law of Moses, Hobab (Nu 10:29). In the account of the marriage of Zipporah to Moses (Ex 2:16-21) Jethro seems to be called Reuel (compare HOBAB). The various names of Jethro perplexed the Talmudists, too; some held that his real name was "Hobab," and that Reuel was his father. Reuel is probably a clan name (Gray, "Nu," ICC), and Hobab is a member of the clan ("son") of Reuel (Nu 10:29, the King James Version reads "Raguel").
Reuel
Friend of God. (1.) A son of Esau and Bashemath (Gen. 36:4, 10; 1 Chr. 1:35). (2.) “The priest of Midian,” Moses’ father-in-law (Ex. 2:18)=Raguel (Num. 10:29). If he be identified with Jethro (q.v.), then this may be regarded as his proper name, and Jether or Jethro (i.e., “excellency”) as his official title. (3.) Num. 2:14, called also Deuel (1:14; 7:42).
(friend of God) One of the sons of Esau, by his wife Bashemath, sister of Ishmael. (Genesis 36:4,10,13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:36,37) (B.C. about 1790.) One of the names of Moses’ father-in-law. (Exodus 2:18) (B.C. 1530.) Father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai. (Numbers 2:14) (B.C. 1490.) A Benjamite, ancestor of Elah. (1 Chronicles 9:8)
the shepherd or friend of God