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Habakkuk 1:10 — Word Study

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WLCוְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל־ מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃

BSATheyhûwʼ scoff atqâlaç [mock, deride] kingsmelek [rulers, monarchs] and {make} rulersrâzan [princes, leaders] an object of scornmischaq [laughingstock, ridicule] Theyhûwʼ laughsâchaq [deride, make fun of] at everykôl fortressmibtsâr [stronghold, fortified city] and build uptsâbar [heap up, gather] siege rampsʻâphâr [earthworks, dirt ramps] to seize itlâkad [capture, take control of]

Word
Listen & take awayHabakkuk 1
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 10 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Vai.yil.ke.Dah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Habakkuk 1:10quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes a mocking attitude towards authority and the strength of fortifications.
Who is speakingThe speaker is addressing the actions of a ruthless people.
Where we areThis verse is part of a prophetic lament about impending judgment.
The hard wordיִתְקַלָּ֔ס
Take awayThe mocking of rulers and the derision of fortresses highlight a disregard for authority.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהוּא verbקָלַס The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 13 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Habakkuk 1:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Prophecy of Habakkukgenerated

9All of them come bent on violence; their hordes advance like the east wind; they gather prisoners like sand.
10They scoff at kings and make rulers an object of scorn. They laugh at every fortress and build up siege ramps to seize it.
11Then they sweep by like the wind and pass on through. They are guilty; their own strength is their god.”
12Are You not from everlasting, O LORD, my God, my Holy One? We will not die. O LORD, You have appointed them to execute judgment; O Rock, You have established them for correction.

Habakkuk 1:10 depicts a people who mock kings and deride rulers, illustrating their contempt for authority. This mocking attitude extends to their actions against fortified cities, as they build siege ramps to conquer them. The surrounding verses reveal a context of violence and impending judgment, emphasizing the gravity of the situation and the challenge to faith in God amidst such circumstances.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Kings 24:12Jehoiachin king of Judah, his mother, his servants, his commanders, and his officials all surrendered to the king of Babylon. So in the eighth year of his reign, the king of Babylon took him captive.
22 Kings 25:6–7The Chaldeans seized the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah, where they pronounced judgment on him.
32 Chronicles 36:6–10Then Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jehoiakim and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon.
4Isaiah 14:16Those who see you will stare; they will ponder your fate: “Is this the man who shook the earth and made the kingdoms tremble,
5Jeremiah 32:24See how the siege ramps are mounted against the city to capture it. And by sword and famine and plague, the city has been given into the hands of the Chaldeans who are fighting against it. What You have spoken has happened, as You now see!

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יִתְקַלָּ֔ס, yit.ka.Lasgenerated

The verb קָלַס (qalac) means to mock or deride. It is in the Hithpael form, indicating an action that is reflexive or reciprocal, suggesting that the mocking is directed at others. This form is used here to express the derision of kings and rulers, highlighting the scornful attitude of the subjects.

This mocking is not just a casual insult; it reflects a deep-seated contempt for authority and power. The verb's usage in this context underscores the seriousness of the derision, as it is directed towards those who hold positions of leadership and responsibility.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יִתְקַלָּ֔ס governs the actions described in the verse, with two subjects: kings and rulers. The structure emphasizes the mocking nature of the actions, as the mocking of kings leads directly into the derision of fortresses.

The sentence is built around the mocking actions, with the subjects clearly defined and the mocking emphasized through the use of the verb. This construction reflects a strong negative sentiment towards authority and strength.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יִתְקַלָּ֔ס as ἐντρυφήσει, which conveys a sense of indulgent mockery. This choice indicates a broader interpretation of the Hebrew term, suggesting not just derision but a kind of revelry in the act of mocking.

This translation choice may reflect the translators' understanding of the seriousness of the mockery, framing it within a context of contempt that goes beyond mere ridicule.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Habakkuk 1:10 describes a people who mock kings and rulers, showing their contempt for authority. They laugh at every fortress and build siege ramps to capture it, highlighting their disregard for established power and security.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to scoff at kings?

To scoff at kings means to mock or deride those in positions of authority, showing a lack of respect for their power.

Why is there a focus on fortresses in this verse?

The mention of fortresses emphasizes the strength and security that the people are mocking, indicating their confidence in their ability to conquer.

What is the significance of building siege ramps?

Building siege ramps signifies preparation for attack, demonstrating the people's intent to capture fortified places and their belief in their own strength.

How does this verse reflect the overall message of Habakkuk?

This verse reflects the overall message of Habakkuk by highlighting the challenge of faith in God amidst the actions of a ruthless people who disregard authority and security.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see contempt for authority in my own life or society?
  2. How can I guard against a mocking attitude towards those in leadership?
  3. What does this verse teach about the relationship between power and humility?
  4. How can I respond to the challenges of faith when faced with mockery or derision?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Habakkuk 1:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And they shall scoff at the kings,.... Or, "he shall" (u), Nebuchadnezzar king of the Chaldeans, and the army with him; who would make a jest of kings and their armies that should oppose them, as

Read John Gill on Habakkuk 1 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn unto them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it. And they shall scoff at the kings - as unable to resist them.

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Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

They, both the king of Babylon and his soldiers, shall scoff, deride and contemn, at the kings, which either confederated with the Jews, or else opposed the designs of the Chaldeans; as the kings of Egypt, of Tyre, &c.; or the kings of the Jews, as Jehoiachin and Zedekiah. The princes, governors, counsellors, valiant commanders, and officers, shall be a scorn unto them, to the whole army of the Chaldeans. They shall heap dust, and take it; by mighty mounts cast up, or by filling up the trenches about your cities and fortresses, shall master them.

Read Matthew Poole on Habakkuk 1 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Habakkuk 1:10 And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn unto them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it.Ver. 10. And they shall scoff at the kings] Heb. He shall scoff, i.e. Nebuchadnezzar shall, and that not once only, but often; shall make a practice of it, as the Hebrew word signifieth. Hithpael notat assiduam illusionem. Thus Adonibezek dealt by the kings he took, the Philistines by Saul, 1 Samuel 31:8-10, Nebuchadnezzar by Zedekiah,; as also by the kings of Egypt, Tyre, Arabia, and others whom he had taken, and used them, haply, as Tamerlane did Bajazet, or those other captive kings whom he caused as horses to draw his…

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Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) Kings and princes are deposed or enthroned at the invader’s pleasure. Thus Nebuchadnezzar set Jehoiakim as a tributary sovereign on the throne of Jerusalem and three years later deposed his son and successor Jehciaohin and made Zedekiah king. For they shall heap dust, and take it.—This means that they shall besiege and carry all strongholds by means of the mounds of earth commonly used in sieges. These mounds were employed either to place the besieger on a level with the besieged, and so facilitate the operations of siege engines, or to form an inclined plane, up which the besieger might march his men, and so take the place by escalade. We find they were used by the Egyptians (Ezekiel…

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AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 10. They shall scoff at the kings] No power shall be able to stand before them. It will be only as pastime to them to take the strongest places. They will have no need to build formidable ramparts: by sweeping the dust together they shall make mounts sufficient to pass over the walls and take the city.

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CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

10. shall scoff at the kings] he scoffeth at kings. The Chaldean is referred to. All the verbs in the verse should be in the present: are a scorn, he derideth, he heapeth up. shall heap dust] he heapeth up. The phrase refers to the dykes or “mounts” which the besiegers cast up in order to be on a level with the walls of the besieged fortress and command them, 2 Samuel 20:15; Jeremiah 32:24. The ease and rapidity of the Chaldean operations is forcibly expressed. Nothing can withstand their impetuosity. Kings with their armies who might oppose them, and fortresses which might arrest their progress, they laugh at.

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Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And they - literally, “he,” the word stands emphatically, he, alone against all the kings of the earth Shall scoff at the kings - and all their might taking them away or setting them up at his

Read Albert Barnes on Habakkuk 1 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They scoff at kings and make rulers an object of scorn. They laugh at every fortress and build up siege ramps to seize it.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Yes, they scoff at kings, and princes are a derision to them. They laugh at every stronghold, for they build up an earthen ramp and take it.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They scoff at kings and make rulers an object of scorn. They laugh at every fortress and build up siege ramps to seize it.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn unto them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Yea, he scoffeth at kings, and princes are a derision unto him; he derideth every stronghold; for he heapeth up dust, and taketh it.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Yea, he scoffeth at kings, and princes are a derision unto him: he derideth every strong hold; for he heapeth up dust, and taketh it.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn to them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And they shall mocke the Kings, and the princes shalbe a skorne vnto them: they shall deride euery strong holde: for they shall gather dust, and take it.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Yea, he scoffeth at kings, and princes are a scorn unto him; he derideth every stronghold: for he heapeth up dust, and taketh it.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And at kings it doth scoff, And princes [are] a laughter to it, At every fenced place it doth laugh, And it heapeth up dust, and captureth it.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And he scoffs at kings, || And princes [are] a laughter to him, || He laughs at every fortification, || And he heaps up dust, and captures it.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And they will make sport with kings, and princes will be a play unto them: at every strong-hold will they laugh, and they will cast up earth-mounds and capture it.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So they mock kings, and rulers are only a mockery for them. They laugh at every stronghold, for they heap up earth and take them.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And their prince shall triumph over kings, and princes shall be his laughingstock: and he shall laugh at every strong hold, and shall cast up a mount, and shall take it.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They mock kings and scoff at rulers. They laugh in scorn at fortresses—they pile up earth ramps and capture them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

He makes little of kings, rulers are a sport to him; all the strong places are to be laughed at; for he makes earthworks and takes them.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausesubjectהוּא֙itprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּ(innoun phrasetheמְּלָכִ֣יםkingsverbיִתְקַלָּ֔סit.deridesוְandclausesubjectרֹזְנִ֖יםrulerspredicateמִשְׂחָ֣ק[are].laughterprepositional phrase · prepositionalל֑toוֹitclausesubjectה֚וּאitprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseכָלeveryמִבְצָ֣רfortressverbיִשְׂחָ֔קit.laughsוַandclauseverbיִּצְבֹּ֥רit.heaped.upobjectעָפָ֖רearthוַֽandclauseverbיִּלְכְּדָֽitobjectהּcaptured.it

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with 13 of the 13 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses, affirming the mocking attitude towards authority.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל־ מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהוּא֙αὐτὸςבַּמְּלָכִ֣יםβασιλεῦσινיִתְקַלָּ֔סἐντρυφήσειוְרֹזְנִ֖יםτύραννοιמִשְׂחָ֣קπαίγνιαל֑וֹαὐτοῦה֚וּאαὐτὸςלְכָל־πᾶνמִבְצָ֣רὀξύρωμαיִשְׂחָ֔קἐμπαίχεταιוַיִּצְבֹּ֥רβαλεῖעָפָ֖רξῶμαוַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃αὐτοῦ

13 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mur88a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

והוא במלכים יתקלס ורזנים משחק [ל׳ו] [הוא] [לכל] מבצר ישחק ויצבר עפר וילכד׳ה

5 words on the leather — 5 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Habakkuk 1:10הוּאand itand itהוּאמֶ֫לֶךְkingskingsמֶ֫לֶךְקָלַסit deridesit deridesקָלַסרָזַןand rulersand rulersרָזַןמִשְׂחַק[are] laugh[are] laughterמִשְׂחַקוֹto itto itוֹהוּאititהוּאכֹּלat everyat everyכֹּלמִבְצָרfortressfortressמִבְצָרשָׂחַקit laughsit laughsשָׂחַקצָבַרand it heapand it heaped uצָבַרעָפָרearthearthעָפָרלָכַדand it captand it capturedלָכַדמָלַךְto reignto reignמָלַךְשׁחצומהShahazumahShahazumahשׁחצומהכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלעָפַרto throwto throwעָפַרבָּצַרto gather/to gather/restrבָּצַרטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵתנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּרNebuchadneNebuchadnezzarנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּראַשּׁוּרAsshurAsshurאַשּׁוּרמִן־fromfromמִן־הוּאhe/she/ithe/she/itהוּאאָֽנֹכִ֫יIIאָֽנֹכִ֫ימֶ֫לֶךְKing'sKing'sמֶ֫לֶךְעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהשֹׁדviolenceviolenceשֹׁדתְּאֵנָהfigfigתְּאֵנָהלָעַגto mockto mockלָעַג
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Habakkuk 1:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
וְהוּא֙ve.Hu' and it H1931 Conjunction · pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
בַּמְּלָכִ֣יםba.me.la.Khim kings H4428 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
2,526× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Amplified meaning
rulers, monarchs
Tyndale gloss
King's
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4428 melek meh'-lek

from 4427; a king:--king, royal.

see HEBREW for 04427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.

1) king

Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)

הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.

'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;

father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.

Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.

King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

of Judah and Israel. For the list see table at the end of this volume.

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Israel warned against seeking

1Sa 8:9-18

- Sin of Israel in seeking

1Sa 12:17-20

- Israel in seeking, rejected God as their king

1Sa 8:7; 10:19

- Israel asked for, that they might be like the nations

1Sa 8:5,19,20

- First given to Israel in anger

Ho 13:11

- God reserved to himself the choice of

De 17:14,15; 1Sa 9:16,17; 16:12

- When first established in Israel, not hereditary

De 17:20; 1Sa 13:13,14; 15:28,29

and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
יִתְקַלָּ֔סyit.ka.Las it derides H7046 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine singular
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To mock someone means to laugh at or make fun of them, and this word is used in the Bible to describe times when people ridiculed God or others. It is found in the books of Psalms and Proverbs. Mocking can be hurtful and is often warned against.
Amplified meaning
mock, deride
Tyndale gloss
to mock
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָלַס (qalac) is a primitive root meaning to mock or scoff. It encompasses actions like ridiculing or deriding, with specific forms indicating different nuances, such as the Piel form for scoffing and the Hithpael for mocking. The term is used in contexts that involve disparagement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[קָלַס] vb. mock, scoff

Pi. to scoff at hire

Hithp. mock, deride

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7046 קָלַס

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7046 qalac kaw-las'

a primitive root; to disparage, i.e. ridicule:--mock, scoff,

scorn.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָלַס (qa.las) — to mock.

1) to mock, scoff

1a) (Piel) to scoff at

1b) (Hithpael) to mock, deride, make fun of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hithpael-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVti3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
וְרֹזְנִ֖יםve.ro.ze.Nim and rulers H7336 Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to have power or authority over something or someone, often in a noble or honorable way. In the Bible, it is used to describe leaders who rule with wisdom and integrity.
Amplified meaning
princes, leaders
Tyndale gloss
to rule
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָזַן (razan) is a Hebrew verb that conveys the idea of being weighty or honorable, often associated with ruling or commanding. The entries suggest it encompasses meanings related to authority and wisdom, indicating a role of leadership. There is some uncertainty about its earlier form, רָזֹן, but the core concept remains centered on rulership and judiciousness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָזַן, ? earlier רָזֹן] vb. be weighty, judicious, commanding

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7336 [רָזַן, ? earlier רָזֹן] be weighty, judicious, commanding

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7336 razan raw-zan'

a primitive root; probably to be heavy, i.e. (figuratively)

honorable:--prince, ruler.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָזַן (ra.zan) — to rule.

(Qal) to be weighty, be judicious, be commanding

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
HC/Vqrmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Appointed and removed by God)

→ See GOVERNMENT, GOD IN

→ Chastised Da 4

→ See NATION

→ Monarchical

See KINGS

→ Patriarchal Ge 27:29,37

→ INSTANCES OF

Nimrod Ge 10:8-10

Abraham Ge 14:13-24; 17:6; 21:21-32

Melchizedek Ge 14:18

Isaac Ge 26:26-31

Judah Ge 38:24

Heads of families Ex 6:14

Ishmael Ge 17:20

Esau, and the dukes of Edom Ge 36

Theocratic

See GOVERNMENT

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
מִשְׂחָ֣קmis.Chak [are] laughter H4890 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means laughing or being an object of scorn, describing something or someone that is ridiculed. It appears in the Bible to describe the mockery of others, like in Psalm 44:14 where the psalmist feels scorned by God.
Amplified meaning
laughingstock, ridicule
Tyndale gloss
laughing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִשְׂחַק (mischaq) refers to an object of derision or a laughing-stock, indicating scorn or mockery. It is derived from the root meaning to laugh, and is specifically mentioned in Habakkuk 1:10.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִשְׂחַק n.[m.] object of derision, Hb 1:10.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4890 מִשְׂחַק

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4890 mischaq mis-khawk'

from 7831; a laughing-stock:--scorn.

see HEBREW for 07831

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִשְׂחַק (mis.chaq) — laughing.

object of derision

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

laf'-ter (chaq, tsachaq, "to laugh," sechoq, "laughter"; gelao, katagelao):

(1) Laughter as the expression of gladness, pleasurable surprise, is the translation of tsachaq (Ge 17:17; 18:12,13,15; 21:6), which, however, should perhaps be "laugh at me," not "with me," as the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) (so Delitzsch and others; see also Hastings in HDB), not in the sense of derision, but of surprise and pleasure. In the same verse for "God hath made me to laugh," the Revised Version (British and American) gives in margin, "hath prepared laughter for me," and this gave his name to the son, the promise of whose birth evoked the laughter (Yitschaq, Isaac); gelao (Lu 6:21,25) has the same meaning of gladness and rejoicing; sechoq, "laughter," has…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ A time for Ec 3:4

→ Attributed to God Ps 37:13; 59:8; Pr 1:26

→ See HAPPINESS

→ See JOY

and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
ל֑וֹlo to it H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
ה֚וּאhu' it H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
לְכָל־le.khol at every H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
מִבְצָ֣רmiv.Tzar fortress H4013 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
37× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a strong, fortified place like a castle or a fenced city, providing protection and safety. It is used in the Bible to describe secure and defended locations.
Amplified meaning
stronghold, fortified city
Tyndale gloss
fortification
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִבְצָר (mibtsar) means 'fortification' and can refer to a castle or fortified city. It is derived from a root meaning to 'fence' or 'fortify.' The entries indicate its use in contexts related to strongholds and defense, including a reference in Daniel 11:15.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִבְצָר n.m. fortification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4013 מִבְצָר fortification

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4013 mibtsar mib-tsawr'

also (in plural) feminine (Dan. 11:l5) mibtsarah

{mib-tsaw-raw'}; from 1219; a fortification, castle, or

fortified city; figuratively, a defender:--(de-, most)

fenced, fortress, (most) strong (hold).

see HEBREW for 0l5

see HEBREW for 01219

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִבְצָר (miv.tsar) — fortification.

fortification, fortress, fortified city, stronghold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
יִשְׂחָ֔קyis.Chak it laughs H7832 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to laugh, often in contempt or derision, as seen in Genesis 21:9 when Ishmael mocks Isaac. It can also mean to play or make sport, like in Psalm 104:26 where God plays with the whale. In the Bible, it appears over 50 times, including in the book of Job.
Amplified meaning
deride, make fun of
Tyndale gloss
to laugh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂחַק (sachaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to laugh, with connotations of playfulness and mockery. It can express laughter in pleasure or derision, as well as the act of playing or making sport. The entries indicate various forms, such as Qal for general laughter, Piel for making sport, and Hiphil for mockery.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂחַק vb. laugh

Qal 

laugh at

appar. of friendly laugh

sport, play

Pi.

make sport

jest

play

Hiph. (declar.) they uttered mockery

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7832 שָׂחַק laugh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7832 sachaq saw-khak'

a primitive root; to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by

implication, to play:--deride, have in derision, laugh, make

merry, mock(-er), play, rejoice, (laugh to) scorn, be in

(make) sport.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂחַק (sa.chaq) — to laugh.

1) to laugh, play, mock

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to laugh (usually in contempt or derision)

1a2) to sport, play

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to make sport

1b2) to jest

1b3) to play (including instrumental music, singing, dancing)

1c) (Hiphil) to laugh mockingly

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
וַיִּצְבֹּ֥רvai.yitz.Bor and it heaped up H6651 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to gather or pile something up, like grain or silver, often used to describe accumulating wealth or resources. It appears in various contexts, including storing food or treasure.
Amplified meaning
heap up, gather
Tyndale gloss
to heap
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָבַר (tsabar) is a primitive root meaning to heap up or gather together. It covers actions like piling up grain, dust, or silver. The entries consistently reflect this meaning without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָבַר] vb. heap up

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6651 [צָבַר] heap up

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6651 tsabar tsaw-bar'

a primitive root; to aggregate:--gather (together), heap

(up), lay up.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָבַר (tsa.var) — to heap.

1) (Qal) to heap up, pile up

1a) of grain, dust, silver

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
עָפָ֖ר'a.Far earth H6083 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
110× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aphar means dust or dry earth, and is also used to describe clay, earth, or mortar. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
earthworks, dirt ramps
Tyndale gloss
dust
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6083 `aphar aw-fawr'

from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,

mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.

see HEBREW for 06080

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.

1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish

1a) dry or loose earth

1b) debris

1c) mortar

1d) ore

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):

In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.

'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Earth

(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.

(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.

Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2

and it kings it derides and rulers [are] laughter to it it at every fortress it laughs and it heaped up earth and it captured it
וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃Vai.yil.ke.Dah and it captured it H3920 Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
121× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to capture or seize, often using a net or trap. In the Bible, it is used to describe taking control of something or someone, and is also used figuratively to describe being caught or stuck in a situation.
Amplified meaning
capture, take control of
Tyndale gloss
to capture
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לָכַד (lakad) means to capture, seize, or take, often by lot. It can refer to catching in a net or trap, as well as figuratively to describe things sticking together. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to capture), Niphal (to be captured), and Hithpael (to grasp each other).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָכַד 121 vb. capture, seize, take (by lot)

Qal

capture, seize

fig. of entrapping men

of taking by lot

Niph.

be captured in war

of men, be caught

be taken by lot

Hithp. they grasp each other, and cannot be separated

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3920 לָכַד capture, seize, take (by lot)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3920 lakad law-kad'

a primitive root; to catch (in a net, trap or pit);

generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot);

figuratively, to cohere:--X at all, catch (self), be frozen,

be holden, stick together, take.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָכַד (la.khad) — to capture.

1) to capture, take, seize

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to capture, seize

1a2) to capture (of men) (fig.)

1a3) to take (by lot)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be captured

1b2) to be caught (of men in trap, snare) (fig.)

1c) (Hithpael) to grasp each other

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
Hc/Vqw3ms/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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