Hosea 10:2 — Word Study
WLCחָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃
BSATheir heartslêb [deceptive, divided] are deviouschâlaq■ nowʻattâh [at this time, in this moment] they must bear their guiltʼâsham▸ [be found faulty, deserving punishment] ◂The LORDhûwʼ [Yehovah, the covenant God] will break downʻâraph▸ [shatter, demolish] their altarsmizbêach [places of sacrifice] and demolishshâdad▸ [destroy, ruin] their sacred pillarsmatstsêbâh [monuments, memorials]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חָלַ֥ק | it is slippery | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| לִבָּ֖ם | heart their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| עַתָּ֣ה | now | Adverb |
| יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ | they will be held guilty | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| ה֚וּא | he | Pronoun |
| יַעֲרֹ֣ף | he will break | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם | altars their | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד | he will destroy | Verb, Piel, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃ | sacred pillars their | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars. |
| KJV | Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. |
| ASV | Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he will smite their altars, he will destroy their pillars. |
| YLT | Their heart hath been divided, now they are guilty, He doth break down their altars, He doth destroy their standing-pillars. |
| WEB | Their heart is divided. Now they will be found guilty. He will demolish their altars. He will destroy their sacred stones. |
| BBE | Their mind is taken away; now they will be made waste: he will have their altars broken down, he will give their pillars to destruction. |
Translations agree on the overall meaning, with no significant differences noted.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by subordinate clauses that elaborate on the consequences of Israel's actions.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהוּא
verbחָלַק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Hosea 10:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment on Israelgenerated
Hosea 10:2 addresses the heart of Israel, revealing their deceptive nature and the consequences of their actions. The verse follows a description of Israel's increasing idolatry and serves as a stark reminder of the LORD's impending judgment. This warning is part of a broader message in the book of Hosea, which emphasizes the need for repentance and faithfulness to God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hosea 7:8 | Ephraim mixes with the nations; Ephraim is an unturned cake. |
| 2 | 1 Kings 18:21 | Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow Him. But if Baal is God, follow him.” But the people did not answer a word. |
| 3 | Isaiah 44:18 | They do not comprehend or discern, for He has shut their eyes so they cannot see and closed their minds so they cannot understand. |
| 4 | Zephaniah 1:5 | those who bow on the rooftops to worship the host of heaven, those who bow down and swear by the LORD but also swear by Milcom, |
| 5 | Matthew 6:24 | No one can serve two masters: Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָלַק, cha.Lakgenerated
The verb חָלַק (cha.Lak) primarily means 'to divide' or 'to share', but it also carries the connotation of being 'smooth' or 'slippery'. This dual meaning suggests a sense of deceitfulness, as in Proverbs, where smooth words can lead to flattery and manipulation.
In this context, the use of חָלַק highlights the divided and deceptive nature of Israel's hearts. The parsing indicates it is a perfect tense verb, suggesting a completed action that reflects their current state of guilt and unfaithfulness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations of this verse agree on the overall meaning, with slight variations in wording.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יַעֲרֹף (he will break) governs the verse, with multiple clauses describing the state of Israel's hearts and the actions that will follow. The structure emphasizes the cause-and-effect relationship between their deceptive hearts and the consequences they will face.
The main clause presents the subject's condition, while subsequent clauses detail the LORD's actions against their altars and sacred pillars, illustrating the severity of the judgment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חָלַק as ἐμέρισαν, which means 'they divided'. This choice reflects a similar understanding of division and deceit, aligning with the Hebrew meaning while emphasizing the act of separation.
This translation choice suggests an interpretation that highlights the fragmentation of Israel's loyalty to God, reinforcing the theme of judgment due to their divided hearts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Hosea 10:2 reveals that Israel's hearts are deceitful, leading them to guilt. The LORD warns that He will break down their altars and destroy their sacred pillars, highlighting the consequences of their unfaithfulness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that Israel's inner thoughts and intentions are not aligned with God's will, leading to unfaithfulness.
This symbolizes the destruction of their places of worship and idolatry, emphasizing God's judgment against their unfaithfulness.
It serves as a warning to Israel about the consequences of their actions and the need for repentance.
It highlights the principle of accountability for one's actions and the reality of facing consequences for wrongdoing.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways might I be deceiving myself about my own faithfulness to God?
- How can I ensure that my heart is aligned with God's will rather than being divided?
- What altars or idols in my life need to be addressed or removed?
- How does understanding the consequences of unfaithfulness influence my relationship with God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, noting the divided heart of Israel and the impending judgment that will follow, emphasizing the consequences of their actions.
Their heart is divided; now they shall perish: he shall break down their idols, he shall lay waste their altars." LXX: "They have divided their hearts: now shall they perish: he shall break down their altars,Early Church Fathers on Hosea 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Hosea 10:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTheir heart is divided,.... Some say from Hoshea their king, who would have reformed them from their idolatry, and returned them to the true worship of God; but of that there is no proof; better from
Read John Gill on Hosea 10 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTheir heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. Their heart is divided - (1 Kings 18:21, "How long halt ye between two opinions?
Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 10 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTheir heart is divided from God and his worship, or between God and Baal, such as speaks of, or else divided one from another by parties, and factions, and civil wars, which tended to their ruin. Now shall they be found faulty; as this was their sin, so the effects hereof should manifestly prove them faulty. He, either God, or the king of Assyria stirred up by God to invade and destroy Ephraim, shall break down their altars; utterly pull down those altars which they had multiplied to their idols: the Assyrians shall, as other conquering heathen idolaters, rage against the gods of the people they conquer, as well as against the people; such was the pride and atheism of these men. He shall…
Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 10 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsHosea 10:2 Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.Ver. 2. Their heart is divided] sc. from God; whose soul therefore is justly disjointed from them, Jeremiah 6:8. They professed to worship the true God, and yet they transferred the honour due to him alone upon dumb idols; they halted between two, and would needs serve two lords; but God would have none of that. "Be the gods of the heathen good fellows," saith one, "the true God is a jealous God, and will not part stakes with another." The double-minded man is not for his service; for he will be served truly, that there be no halting; and, totally, that there be…
Read John Trapp on Hosea 10 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Their heart is divided is the rendering of the LXX., Raschi, Aben-Ezra, and most ancient versions. But modern expositors prefer to translate “Their heart is treacherous (smooth).” The rest of the verse should run thus:—Now shall they suffer punishment. He shall break (the horns of) their altars; he shall destroy their pillars.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 10 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. Their heart is divided] They wish to serve God and Mammon, Jehovah and Baal: but this is impossible. Now GOD will do in judgment what they should have done in contrition, "break down their altars, and spoil their images."
Read AdamClarke on Hosea 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. Their heart is divided] viz., between Jehovah and idols. But this, which involves an alteration of the points, gives too weak a sense for such a context. It is better to keep the ordinary pointing, and render, Their heart is slippery (or deceitful; lit. ‘is smooth’; comp. Ezekiel 12:24 smooth, i.e. flattering, divination). be found faulty] Rather, be dealt with as guilty (as Hosea 13:16). he shall break down, &c.] The phrase is a bold one; it is literally ‘he shall break the necks of the altars’, i.e. perhaps strike off their horns (Amos 3:14), and so destroy them. ‘He’ is emphatically expressed in the Hebrew, to indicate the unseen observer of their thoughts and actions.
Read Cambridge on Hosea 10 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTheir heart is divided - Between God and their idols, in that they would not wholly part with either, as Elijah upbraided them, “How long halt ye between the two opinions?” 1 Kings 18:21.
Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.
Their heart is divided. Now they will be found guilty. He will demolish their altars. He will destroy their sacred stones.
Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.
Their heart is slipping; soon they will be punished for their guilt. The Lord will break their altars; he will completely destroy their fertility pillars.
Tyndale line
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he will smite their altars, he will destroy their pillars.
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he shall smite their altars, he shall spoil their pillars.
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.
Their heart is deuided: nowe shall they be founde faultie: he shall breake downe their altars: he shall destroy their images.
Strictly literal
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he will break down their altars, he will destroy their statues.
Their heart hath been divided, now they are guilty, He doth break down their altars, He doth destroy their standing-pillars.
Their heart has been divided, now they are guilty, || He breaks down their altars, || He destroys their standing-pillars.
Their heart is divided; now shall they bear their guilt: this will break down their altars, will devastate their statues.
Their heart is deceitful; now they must bear their guilt. Yahweh will demolish their altars; he will destroy their pillars.
From the Latin
Their heart is divided: now they shall perish: he shall break down their idols, he shall destroy their altars.
Simplified
The people have minds that are deceptive, and now they must take responsibility for their guilt. The Lord will break apart their altars and destroy their sacred pillars.
Their mind is taken away; now they will be made waste: he will have their altars broken down, he will give their pillars to destruction.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 7 of the 9 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial support, with some words restored by an editor, indicating a consistent tradition in the text.
חָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃
7 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[חלק] [לב׳ם] [עתה] יאשמו הוא יערוף מזבחות׳ם [ישדד] [מצבות׳ם]
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Hosea 10:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָלַק (chalaq) is a Hebrew verb with two primary meanings: to divide or share, and to be smooth or slippery. It encompasses actions like apportioning, distributing, and even plundering, as well as the state of being smooth. The entries indicate a range of uses in different grammatical forms, including reflexive and passive. Notably, the lexicons also emphasize the figurative use of smoothness in relation to deceit.
חָלַק vb. divide, share
Qal
divide, apportion
assign, distribute
assign, impart
share
divide up = plunder the temple
Niph. Impf.
reflex. divide oneself
pass. be divided
trans. assign, distribute
Pi.
divide, apportion
assign, distribute
scatter
Pu. be divided, of land
Hithp. divide land among themselves
Hiph. to receive a portion
base
חָלַק vb. be smooth, slippery
Qal smooth, slippery
Hiph. make smooth
base
H2505a חָלַק divide, share .. divide, apportion
. assign, distribute
. assign, impart
. share
. divide up = plunder the temple
. Impf. . reflex. divide oneself
. pass. be divided
. trans. assign, distribute
. . divide, apportion
. assign, distribute
. scatter
. be divided, of land
. divide land among themselves
. to receive a portion
H2505b חָלַק be smooth, slippery
2505 chalaq khaw-lak'
a primitive root; to be smooth (figuratively); by implication
(as smooth stones were used for lots) to apportion or
separate:--deal, distribute, divide, flatter, give, (have,
im-)part(-ner), take away a portion, receive, separate self,
(be) smooth(-er).
חָלַק (cha.laq) — to divide.
1) to divide, share, plunder, allot, apportion, assign
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to divide, apportion
1a2) to assign, distribute
1a3) to assign, impart
1a4) to share
1a5) to divide up, plunder
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to divide oneself
1b2) to be divided
1b3) to assign, distribute
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to divide, apportion
1c2) to assign, distribute
1c3) to scatter
1d) (Pual) to be divided
1e) (Hiphil) to receive a portion or part
1f) (Hithpael) to divide among themselves
חָלַק (cha.laq) — to smooth.
1) to be smooth, slippery, deceitful
1a) (Qal) to be smooth, slippery
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to be smooth
1b2) to flatter
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
עַתָּ֫ה (attah) is an adverb of time meaning 'now.' It can also function as a conjunction or expletive, indicating immediacy or a current moment. The word is derived from a related term, עַת (att), and is used in various contexts to denote the present time.
עַתָּ֫ה 435, עָ֑֫תָּה, adv. of time, now
base
H6258 עַתָּ֫ה, עָ֑֫תָּה of time, now
6258 `attah at-taw'
from 6256; at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or
expletive:--henceforth, now, straightway, this time, whereas.
see HEBREW for 06256
עַתָּ֫ה (at.tah) — now.
1) now
1a) now
1b) in phrases
Adv — AdverbHD
אָשַׁם (asham) means to offend or be guilty, covering actions like committing an offense or trespass. It can also imply suffering punishment or being declared guilty. The entries indicate that it can denote both personal guilt and the consequences of wrongdoing, with some nuances in how it is used in different grammatical forms.
אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם vb. offend, be guilty
commit an offence, a trespass, do a wrong, or an injury
be or become guilty
be held guilty, bear punishment
Niph. suffer punishment
Hiph. declare them guilty
base
H816 אָשַׁם, אָשֵׁם offend, be guilty
816 'asham aw-sham'
or mashem {aw-shame'}; a primitive root; to be guilty; by
implication to be punished or perish:--X certainly, be(-come,
made) desolate, destroy, X greatly, be(-come, found, hold)
guilty, offend (acknowledge offence), trespass.
אָשַׁם (a.sham) — be guilty.
1) to offend, be guilty, trespass
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do wrong, offend, trespass, commit an offense, do injury
1a2) to be or become guilty
1a3) to be held guilty
1a4) to be incriminated
1b) (Niphal) to suffer punishment
1c) (Hiphil) to declare guilty
2) (TWOT) to be desolate, acknowledge offense
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
gil'-ti: In addition to the general discussion under GUILT (which see), several New Testament passages demand special notice because the word "guilty" is not used in the principal sense of blameworthy, but with one of the two lesser meanings noted above which go to make up the complete idea. In 3 of these passages the King James Version renders "guilty" and the Revised Version (British and American) gives another rendering. In Mt 26:66 the King James Version, Jesus' foes declare he is "guilty of death" (enochos, "liable to"). Here "guilty" simply means the one who is legally held, and the reference is not to the blame but to the consequence. This is a true use of the word in the lower and legal sense. It does not correspond with our higher usage, and so we have it in the Revised Version (British and American) "worthy of death." So…
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
Pron — PronounHPp3ms
ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.
עָרַף (araph) is a verb meaning to break the neck of an animal, derived from a primitive root suggesting bending downward. It is used in a figurative sense to imply destruction. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to the act of beheading or breaking down.
[עָרַף] vb. denom. break the neck of an animal
base
H6202 עָרַף vb. denom. break the neck of an animal
6202 `araph aw-raf'
a primitive root (identical with 6201 through the idea of
sloping); properly, to bend downward; but used only as a
denominative from 6203, to break the neck; hence
(figuratively) to destroy:--that is beheaded, break down,
break (cut off, strike off) neck.
see HEBREW for 06201
see HEBREW for 06203
עָרַף (a.raph) — to break the neck.
(Qal) to break the neck (of an animal)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
brak: shabhar = "break" (down, off, in pieces, up), "destroy," "quench" (Isa 14:25; Jer 19:10,11; Eze 4:16; Am 1:5); paraq = "to break off" or "craunch"; figuratively "to deliver" (Ge 27:40 the King James Version); `araph = "to break the neck," hence, "to destroy" (Ex 13:13); harac = "to break through" (Ex 19:21,24); parats = "to break" (forth, away), occurs in Ex 19:22,24; 1Sa 25:10; "breaking faith,"…
מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach) means 'altar' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word meaning to slay or kill, indicating its use in sacrificial contexts. The term is consistently used throughout the Old Testament to refer to places of sacrifice and worship.
מִזְבֵּחַ 401 n.m. altar
base
H4196 מִזְבֵּחַ altar
4196 mizbeach miz-bay'-akh
from 2076; an altar:--altar.
see HEBREW for 02076
מִזְבֵּחַ (miz.be.ach) — altar.
altar
N-mp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3mp
שָׁדַד (shadad) is a Hebrew verb that conveys the idea of dealing violently with something, including meanings like despoil, devastate, and ruin. It has various forms, indicating actions such as violently destroying, being utterly ruined, or assaulting. The entries suggest a strong connotation of destruction and oppression, with the word appearing in contexts related to devastation.
[שָׁדַד] 56 vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin
Qal violently destroy, pers. = slay
Niph. we are utterly ruined.
Pi. assault not his dwelling-place
Pu. be devastated
Pō‛el violently destroy
Hoph. be devastated
base
H7703 [שָׁדַד] deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin
7703 shadad shaw-dad'
a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively)
powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to
ravage:--dead, destroy(-er), oppress, robber, spoil(-er), X
utterly, (lay) waste.
שָׁדַד (sha.dad) — to ruin.
1) to deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin, destroy, spoil
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to violently destroy, devastate, despoil, assail
1a2) devastator, despoiler (participle) (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be utterly ruined
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to assault
1c2) to devastate
1d) (Pual) to be devastated
1e) (Poel) to violently destroy
1f) (Hophal) to be devastated
Also means: shud (שׁוּד "to waste" H7736)
V-m-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singularHVpi3ms
מַצֵּבָה (maṣṣēbā) refers to a pillar or a memorial stone, often associated with altars. It can also denote a stump or a standing image, potentially an idol. The word is derived from a participle form indicating something that is stationed or set up.
מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת n.f. pillar, maṣṣēbā, stump
base
H4676 מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת pillar, maṣṣēbā, stump
4676 matstsebah mats-tsay-baw'
feminine (causatively) participle of 5324; something
stationed, i.e. a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an
idol:--garrison, (standing) image, pillar.
see HEBREW for 05324
מַצֵּבָה (mats.tse.vah) — pillar.
1) pillar, mastaba, stump
1a) pillar
1a1) as monument, personal memorial
1a2) with an altar
1b)(Hoph) stock, stump (of tree)
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3mp
