Isaiah 13:7 — Word Study
WLCעַל־ כֵּ֖ן כָּל־ יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־ לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃
BSAThereforeʻal [for this cause, thus] allkôl [every, entire] handsyâd [human strength, power] will fall limprâphâh▸ [be faint, feeble, slacken] and everykôl [all, each] man’sʼĕnôwsh [human, person, enosh] heartlêbâb [innermost being, mind, and emotions] will meltmâçaç▸ [be turned to water, waste away, lose courage]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עַל־ | there- | Preposition |
| כֵּ֖ן | -fore | Adverb |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| יָדַ֣יִם | hands | Noun common, both dual absolute |
| תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה | they will drop | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| וְכָל־ | and every | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לְבַ֥ב | heart of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֱנ֖וֹשׁ | a person | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יִמָּס׃ | it will melt | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Therefore all hands will fall limp, and every man’s heart will melt. |
| KJV | Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man’s heart shall melt: |
| ASV | Therefore shall all hands be feeble, and every heart of man shall melt: |
| YLT | Therefore, all hands do fail, And every heart of man doth melt. |
| WEB | Therefore all hands will be feeble, and everyone’s heart will melt. |
| BBE | For this cause all hands will be feeble, and every heart of man be turned to water; |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, emphasizing the helplessness of humanity in the face of judgment.
The sentence is structured around a main clause followed by a conjunction phrase, emphasizing the totality of the response to the impending judgment.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָפָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 13:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Day of the LORDgenerated
Isaiah 13:7 warns of the Day of the LORD, a time of divine judgment that will bring terror and destruction. The preceding verse calls for lamentation, emphasizing the severity of the coming events. This theme continues as the text describes the physical and emotional responses of people when faced with the Almighty's wrath, illustrating the total helplessness of humanity in such dire circumstances.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 10:3–4 | What will you do on the day of reckoning when devastation comes from afar? To whom will you flee for help? Where will you leave your wealth? |
| 2 | Isaiah 37:27 | Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown. |
| 3 | Isaiah 51:20 | Your sons have fainted; they lie at the head of every street, like an antelope in a net. They are full of the wrath of the LORD, the rebuke of your God. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 50:43 | The king of Babylon has heard the report, and his hands hang limp. Anguish has gripped him, pain like that of a woman in labor. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 7:17 | Every hand will go limp, and every knee will turn to water. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה, tir.Pei.nahgenerated
The verb תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה (*tirpeinah*) is a third person feminine plural form of the verb רָפָה (*raphah*), which means 'to slacken' or 'to relax.' This word conveys a sense of giving up or losing strength, suggesting a complete loss of resolve or power in the face of overwhelming fear.
The use of this verb here indicates that the hands of the people will not only drop in a physical sense but also symbolizes a broader emotional and psychological collapse. It captures the essence of despair that accompanies the divine judgment described in the surrounding verses.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains two finite verbs: תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה and יִמָּס, which govern the two main clauses describing the actions of hands and hearts. The structure emphasizes the parallelism between the physical and emotional states of humanity during the Day of the LORD.
The order of the phrases highlights the inevitability of the described events, with the conjunction וְכָל־ linking the two clauses and reinforcing the totality of the impending despair.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה is rendered as ἐκλυθήσεται (*eklythēsetai*), which means 'will be loosened' or 'will be released.' This choice suggests a slightly different nuance, focusing on the act of being released from strength rather than simply dropping.
The translation choice reflects a broader interpretation of the emotional state, indicating not only a physical slackening but also a release from the burdens of fear and anxiety that accompany the judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 13:7 describes a time when all human strength will fail, and people's hearts will be filled with fear. This verse emphasizes the overwhelming nature of the Day of the LORD, where individuals will feel helpless and disheartened in the face of divine judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase indicates a loss of strength and resolve, symbolizing despair and helplessness in the face of impending judgment.
The melting of hearts signifies deep fear and anxiety, reflecting the emotional turmoil that accompanies the Day of the LORD.
This verse fits within the broader context of Isaiah's prophecies about judgment and the consequences of turning away from God, illustrating the human response to divine wrath.
The verse serves as a reminder of the seriousness of divine judgment and the need for repentance, highlighting the fragility of human strength in the face of God's power.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I feel my strength failing, and how can I seek God's help?
- How does understanding the fear described in this verse impact my view of God's judgment?
- What steps can I take to prepare my heart for the realities of divine judgment?
- How can I support others who may feel overwhelmed by fear or despair?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse includes reflections from Jerome, who discusses the emotional and physical responses of humanity in light of divine judgment.
The whole earth rested and was silent; it rejoiced and exulted. The fir trees also rejoiced over you, and the cedars of Lebanon.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 13 →
Therefore, all hands will be loosened, and every man's heart will waste away and be crushed. There will be twisting and pain: they will be in agony like a woman in labor.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 13 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 13:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTherefore shall all hands be faint,.... Or hang down; that is, the hands of all the Babylonians, the city being taken suddenly and at once, so that they should not be able to lift them up to lay hold
Read John Gill on Isaiah 13 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTherefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt: Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt. So Jeremiah 50:43 : cf. Joshua 7:5.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 13 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 13:7 Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man’ s heart shall melt:Ver. 7. Therefore shall all hands be faint.] Base fear, that cowardly passion, shall betray them to the enemy, by expectorating their courage, and causing their hearts to fall into their heels, as we say. But this also cometh from the Lord of hosts, who is wonderful in counsel and excellent in working, for he ordereth the armour, and he strengtheneth or weakeneth the armies of either party. Whencesoever the sword cometh it is "bathed in heaven." And every heart shall melt.] How much more shall wicked men’ s hearts do so at the day of judgment, when the powers of heaven shall be shaken. Alegoriae; haec veriora…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 13 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) They shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth.—The image of powerless agony occurs both in earlier and later prophets (Hosea 13:3; Micah 5:9; Jeremiah 6:24, et al.). Perhaps the most striking parallelism is found in Psalms 48:6, probably, like the other psalms of the sons of Korah, contemporary with Isaiah. Their faces shall be as flames.—The comparison seems at first to describe those who cause terror rather than those that feel it. What is described is, however, the moment of horror, when the dejected pallor of ordinary fear flashes into a new intensity, and the eyeballs glare, and the face glows as with a terrible brightness.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 13 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. “Hands hanging down” and “hearts melting” are frequent images of despair (ch. Isaiah 19:1; Ezekiel 21:7; Job 4:3; Joshua 7:5, &c.).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 13 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTherefore shall all hands be faint - This is designed to denote the consternation and alarm of the people. They would be so terrified and alarmed that they would have no courage, no hope, and no power to make resistance.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 13 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible7. Be faint — Hanging down in nerveless despondency. Shall melt — Both clauses describe bodily effects indicating despairing mental states.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Therefore all hands will fall limp, and every man’s heart will melt.
Therefore all hands will be feeble, and everyone’s heart will melt.
Therefore all hands will fall limp, and every man’s heart will melt.
For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage.
Tyndale line
Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man’s heart shall melt:
Therefore shall all hands be feeble, and every heart of man shall melt:
Therefore shall all hands be feeble, and every heart of man shall melt:
Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt:
Therefore shall all hands be weakened, and all mens hearts shall melt,
Strictly literal
Therefore shall all hands be feeble, and every heart of man shall melt,
Therefore, all hands do fail, And every heart of man doth melt.
Therefore, all hands fail, || And every heart of man melts.
Therefore all hands shall become weak, and every mortal's heart shall melt;
Therefore all hands hang limp, and every heart melts.
From the Latin
Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every heart of man shall melt,
Simplified
Everyone's hands will fall limp, and everyone will lose their minds in panic.
For this cause all hands will be feeble, and every heart of man be turned to water;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: עַל־ כֵּ֖ן כָּל־ יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־ לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃. The Septuagint matches this closely, with 9 of the 9 words corresponding directly. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align with the Masoretic Text, showing no significant variations in the wording.
עַל־ כֵּ֖ן כָּל־ יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־ לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
על כן כול ידין תרפינה וכל לבב אנוש ימס
9 words on the leather.
[על] [כן] כל ידים תרפינה וכל [לבב] [אנוש] [ימס]
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
על כן כל ידים תרפיניה וכל [לבב] [אנוש] [ימס]
6 words on the leather — 3 supplied entire by an editor.
[על] [כן] [כל] [ידים] [תרפינה] [וכל] [לבב] אנוש ימאס
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 13:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'
כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest
right
veritable, true
pl. concr. honest (men)
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
כֵּן adv. so
base
H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so
3651 ken kane
from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as
adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)
rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and
relation; often with other particles):--+ after that
(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be
(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like
(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,
straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,
thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW for 03559
כֵּן (ken) — right.
adv
adj
1) right, just, honest, true, veritable
1a) right, just, honest
1b) correct
1c) true, veritable
[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.
adv
forasmuch as, since
כֵּן (ken) — so.
adv
1) so, therefore, thus
1a) thus, so
1b) just so
1c) therefore
1d) so...as (paired with adv)
1e) then
1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)
1g) (with prep)
1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)
1g2) hitherto
1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)
1g4) afterwards
1g5) in such case
Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)
HD — AdverbHD
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cd — Noun common · both dual absoluteHNcbda
רָפָה (raphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to slacken or relax. It encompasses a range of actions including sinking down, abating, and withdrawing. The word can be used in various forms, such as causing something to drop or refraining from action. It appears in different contexts, indicating both literal and figurative meanings.
רָפָה vb. sink, relax
Qal
sink down
sink, drop
sink, relax, abate
relax, withdraw
Niph. idle
Pi. causat.: let wings drop
Hiph. causat.
let drop
let go
refrain
Hithp. hast shewn thyself slack
base
H7503 רָפָה sink, relax .. sink down
. sink, drop
. sink, relax, abate
. relax, withdraw
. idle
. causat.: let wings drop
. causat. . let drop
. let go
. refrain
. hast shewn thyself slack
7503 raphah raw-faw'
a primitive root; to slacken (in many applications, literal
or figurative):--abate, cease, consume, draw (toward
evening), fail, (be) faint, be (wax) feeble, forsake, idle,
leave, let alone (go, down), (be) slack, stay, be still, be
slothful, (be) weak(-en). See 7495.
see HEBREW for 07495
רָפָה (ra.phah) — to slacken.
1) to sink, relax, sink down, let drop, be disheartened
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sink down
1a2) to sink, drop
1a3) to sink, relax, abate
1a4) to relax, withdraw
1b) (Niphal) idle (participle)
1c) (Piel) to let drop
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to let drop, abandon, relax, refrain, forsake
1d2) to let go
1d3) to refrain, let alone
1d4) to be quiet
1e) (Hithpael) to show oneself slack
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
לֵבָב (lebab) refers to the inner man, encompassing the mind, will, and heart. It highlights aspects like emotions, moral character, and conscience, often contrasting the inner self with the outer. The term is used primarily for humans and can also denote courage and appetites.
לֵבָב 251 n.m. inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the seas
usu. of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific ref. to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
spec. ref. to moral character
= the man himself
spec. as seat of appetites
spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
H3824 לֵבָב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the seas
. usu. of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific ref. to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. spec. ref. to moral character
. = the man himself
. spec. as seat of appetites
. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
. seat of courage
3824 lebab lay-bawb'
from 3823; the heart (as the most interior organ); used also
like 3820:--+ bethink themselves, breast, comfortably,
courage, ((faint), (tender-)heart((-ed)), midst, mind, X
unawares, understanding.
see HEBREW for 03823
see HEBREW for 03820
לֵבָב (le.vav) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Aramaic equivalent: le.vav (לְבַב "heart" H3825)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱנוֹשׁ (enowsh) refers to man or mankind, often used in a poetic context. It denotes a mortal individual, distinguishing humans from more dignified terms for man. The word encompasses both singular and collective meanings, indicating people or persons in general. Its Aramaic equivalent is אֱנָשׁ (e.nash), also meaning 'man'.
אֱנוֹשׁ n.m. man, mankind, mostly poet.
of individ.
coll. men
man, mankind
base
H582 אֱנוֹשׁ man, mankind, mostly poet.
582 'enowsh en-oshe'
from 605; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the
more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or
collectively):--another, X (blood-)thirsty, certain,
chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age,
husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some
( X of them), + stranger, those, + their trade. It is often
unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in
apposition with another word . Compare 376.
see HEBREW for 0605
see HEBREW for 0120
see HEBREW for 0376
אֱנוֹשׁ (e.nosh) — human.
1) man, mortal man, person, mankind
1a) of an individual
1b) men (collective)
1c) man, mankind
Aramaic equivalent: e.nash (אֱנָשׁ "man" H0606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
מָסַס (ma.sas) is a Hebrew verb meaning to dissolve or melt. It can refer to physical melting or be used figuratively to describe feelings of fear or faintness. The entries indicate various forms, including causing something to melt or waste away, and suggest a connection to feelings of discouragement or worthlessness.
[מָסַס] vb. dissolve, melt, intr.
Qal Inf. cstr. like the melting
Niph.
melt (intr.)
most oft. fig. of heart = faint, grow fearful
Pt. = wasted, consumptive (?)
Hiph Pf. cause to melt (= intimidate)
base
H4549 מָסַס dissolve, melt, intr. .Inf. cstr. like the melting
. . melt (intr.)
. most oft. fig. of heart = faint, grow fearful
. Pt. = wasted, consumptive (?)
.Pf. cause to melt (= intimidate)
4549 macac maw-sas'
a primitive root; to liquefy; figuratively, to waste (with
disease), to faint (with fatigue, fear or
grief):--discourage, faint, be loosed, melt (away), refuse, X
utterly.
מָסַס (ma.sas) — to melt.
1) to dissolve, melt
1a) (Qal) to waste away
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to melt, vanish, drop off, melt away
1b2) to faint, grow fearful (fig.)
1b3) wasted, worthless (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to melt
V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVNi3ms