Judges 12:11 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵיל֖וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃
BSAAfter Ibzanʼachar [following, succeeding] ElonʼÊylôwn [the mighty, strong] the ZebuluniteZᵉbûwlônîy [a descendant of Zebulun, from the tribe of Zebulun] judgedshâphaṭ▸ [governed, vindicated, punished] IsraelYisrâʼêl [the symbolic name of Jacob, referring to his descendants] tenʻeser [a decade, a period of ten years] yearsshâneh [a period of time, a cycle of seasons]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט | and he judged | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אַֽחֲרָיו֙ | after him | Suffix |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | Israel | Noun proper |
| אֵיל֖וֹן | Elon | Noun proper masculine |
| הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י | the Zebulunite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט | and he judged | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | Israel | Noun proper |
| עֶ֥שֶׂר | ten | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| שָׁנִֽים׃ | years | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | After Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel ten years. |
| KJV | ¶ And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. |
| ASV | And after him Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. |
| YLT | And after him Elon the Zebulunite judgeth Israel, and he judgeth Israel ten years, |
| WEB | After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. |
| BBE | And after him, Elon the Zebulonite was judge of Israel; and he was judge of Israel for ten years. |
Where they part company is in the phrasing of שָׁפַט — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a duration, clearly indicating the time frame of Elon’s judgment.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁפַט
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Judges 12:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judges of Israelgenerated
Judges 12:11 describes the leadership of Elon following Ibzan, highlighting the succession of judges in Israel's history. Each judge played a crucial role in governing and guiding the people during times of need. This period was marked by cycles of leadership, conflict, and deliverance, as seen throughout the book of Judges.
Cross References
The Key Word — שָׁפַט, shaphatgenerated
The verb שָׁפַט (shaphat) means to judge or govern, and it can also imply vindication or punishment. This term is significant in the context of Israel's judges, as it encompasses the responsibilities of leadership, including making decisions and executing justice.
In this verse, Elon is noted for his role as a judge, indicating his authority and responsibility over the people of Israel during his tenure. The use of this verb emphasizes the active role he played in governing the nation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שָׁפַט (shaphat) governs the sentence, indicating Elon’s action of judging. The structure reflects a straightforward narrative, with the subject Elon followed by the object Israel and the duration of his judgment.
The sentence construction is typical of Hebrew prose, where the subject is clearly stated followed by the action and its object, allowing for a clear understanding of the events.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁפַט as ἔκρινεν (ekrinēn), which carries the meaning of 'to judge' or 'to decide.' This choice reflects a similar understanding of Elon’s role as a judge, maintaining the essence of the original Hebrew.
The translation choice indicates a consistent interpretation of Elon’s authority and function within the context of Israel's leadership.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Judges 12:11 tells us that after Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite became a judge of Israel for ten years. This verse highlights the succession of leadership in Israel, showing how judges were raised up to guide the people during critical times.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Elon was a judge of Israel from the tribe of Zebulun, known for his leadership during a decade-long period.
To judge in this context means to govern and lead the people, making decisions and ensuring justice.
Elon judged Israel for ten years, as stated in this verse.
The judges were significant as they provided leadership and deliverance to the Israelites during times of crisis, acting as mediators between God and the people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Elon a good judge for Israel?
- How can we apply the principles of justice and governance in our own communities today?
- In what ways can we recognize and support leaders who guide us in our lives?
- What lessons can we learn from the succession of judges in Israel about leadership and responsibility?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Judges 12:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd after him Elon a Zebulonite judged Israel,.... One of the tribe of Zebulun: and he judged Israel ten years; administered justice to them, preserved them in the true religion, and from idolatry;
Read John Gill on Judges 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. After him Elon, a Zebulonite , [ ha-Zªbuwloniy (H2075), the Zebulonite; Septuagint, Ailoom ho Zabouloonitees]. Josephus calls him Helon.
Read Robert Jamieson on Judges 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThis is added to distinguish it from other Aijalons, of which see 8:13.
Read Matthew Poole on Judges 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJudges 12:11 And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.Ver. 11. Judged Israel ten years.] Maintaining the purity of God’ s true worship, and administering justice to the people. Not to "do good among a man’ s people," is to "die in his iniquity."
Read John Trapp on Judges 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) Elon.—The name means “a terebinth.” Orientals to this day are often named from trees. (One of the author’s muleteers in Palestine was named Ab Zeitûn, “father of olives.”)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Judges 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–15. The three last Minor Judges See introduction to ch. 10
Read Cambridge on Judges 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA Zebulonite - The tribe of Zebulon had shown its bravery, patriotism, and prowess in the time of Barak Judges 4:10; Judges 5:18.
Read Albert Barnes on Judges 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11. Elon… judged Israel ten years — But we have no record of his particular acts. See note on Judges 10:1.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Judges 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
After Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel ten years.
After him, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.
After Ibzan, Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel ten years.
After him Elon the Zebulunite led Israel for ten years.
Tyndale line
¶ And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.
And after him Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.
And after him Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.
And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel, and he judged Israel ten years.
And after him iudged Israel Elon, a Zebulonite, and he iudged Israel tenne yeere.
Strictly literal
And after him Elon, the Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years.
And after him Elon the Zebulunite judgeth Israel, and he judgeth Israel ten years,
And after him Elon the Zebulunite judges Israel, and he judges Israel [for] ten years,
And after him there judged Israel Elon the Zebulonite; and he judged Israel ten years.
After him Elon the Zebulunite served as judge over Israel. He judged Israel for ten years.
From the Latin
To him succeeded Ahialon a Zabulonite: and he judged Israel ten years:
Simplified
After him, Elon the Zebulunite led Israel as judge for ten years.
And after him, Elon the Zebulonite was judge of Israel; and he was judge of Israel for ten years.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, with no significant variations noted. The Septuagint matches 7 of the 11 words in a word-by-word correspondence, indicating a general agreement in the content but differing in structure.
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵיל֖וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃
7 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Judges 12:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁפַט (shaphat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to judge or govern. It encompasses a range of actions including pronouncing sentences, executing judgments, and deciding controversies in various contexts such as civil and religious matters. The word can also imply being judged or entering into legal disputes. There is a specific mention of its use in the context of final judgment.
שָׁפַט 185 vb. judge, govern
Qal
act as law-giver, judge, governor
specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
execute judgment
Niph.
recipr., enter into controversy, plead
pass. be judged
Pô‛el = my opponent-at-law
base
H8199 שָׁפַט judge, govern .. act as law-giver, judge, governor
. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
. execute judgment
. . recipr., enter into controversy, plead
. pass. be judged
.= my opponent-at-law
8199 shaphat shaw-fat'
a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or
against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by
extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or
figuratively):--+ avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend,
execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead,
reason, rule.
שָׁפַט (sha.phat) — to judge.
1) to judge, govern, vindicate, punish
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to act as law-giver or judge or governor (of God, man)
1a1a) to rule, govern, judge
1a2) to decide controversy (of God, man)
1a3) to execute judgment
1a3a) discriminating (of man)
1a3b) vindicating
1a3c) condemning and punishing
1a3d) at theophanic advent for final judgment
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to enter into controversy, plead, have controversy together
1b2) to be judged
1c) (Poel) judge, opponent-at-law (participle)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word אַחַר (*achar*) primarily denotes the concept of 'after' or 'behind' in both spatial and temporal contexts. It functions as a substantive, adverb, preposition, and conjunction, indicating a following part or time. The related form אַחֲרַי (*acharai*) refers to a person who turns backwards. There is a reference to Proverbs 28:23 in relation to the latter.
אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part
adv.
of place, behind
of time, afterwards
prep.
of place, behind, after
of time, after
conj. after that.
H310a אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part . adv. . of place, behind
. of time, afterwards
. prep. . of place, behind, after
. of time, after
. conj. after that.
H310b אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards.
310 'achar akh-ar'
from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an
adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after
(that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side),
behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from,
hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute,
posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth),
when, with.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחַר (a.char) — after.
1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time)
1a) as an adverb
1a1) behind (of place)
1a2) afterwards (of time)
1b) as a preposition
1b1) behind, after (of place)
1b2) after (of time)
1b3) besides
1c) as a conjunction
1c) after that
1d) as a substantive
1d1) hinder part
1e) with other prepositions
1e1) from behind
1e2) from following after
אַחֲרַי (a.cha.ray) — backwards.
backwards (of a man that turns backwards)
Prep | Suff — SuffixHAcmpc/Sp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el) refers to both the second name of Jacob, meaning 'God prevails,' and the name of the Hebrew nation descended from him. It is derived from roots meaning 'to rule' and 'God.' The term encompasses Jacob's descendants and is used historically for the northern kingdom of Israel and the nation as a whole after the Babylonian exile.
יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507 n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth)
n.pr.m. second name of Jacob
n.pr.gent. name of Hebrew nation
base
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth) . n. pr. m. second name of Jacob
. n. pr. gent. name of Hebrew nation
3478 Yisra'el yis-raw-ale'
from 8280 and 410; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical
name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity:
--Israel.
see HEBREW for 08280
see HEBREW for 0410
יִשְׂרָאֵל (yis.ra.el) — Israel.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A);
father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently
§ Israel = "God prevails"
1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
iz'-ra-el.
See JACOB.
Israel
The name conferred on Jacob after the great prayer-struggle at Peniel (Gen. 32:28), because “as a prince he had power with God and prevailed.” (See JACOB.) This is the common name given to Jacob’s descendants. The whole people of the twelve tribes are called “Israelites,” the “children of Israel” (Josh. 3:17; 7:25; Judg. 8:27; Jer. 3:21), and the “house of Israel” (Ex. 16:31; 40:38).
This name Israel is sometimes used emphatically for the true Israel (Ps. 73:1: Isa. 45:17; 49:3;
(the prince that prevails with God). The name given, (Genesis 32:28) to Jacob after his wrestling with the angel, (Hosea 12:4) at Peniel. Gesenius interprets Israel "soldier of God." It became the national name of the twelve tribes collectively. They are so called in (Exodus 3:16) and afterward. It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in (1 Samuel 11:8; 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 12:16) Thenceforth it was assumed and accepted as the name of the northern kingdom. After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of…
Who prevails with God, a name given to Jacob, after having wrestled with the Angel-Jehovah at Penuel. Ge 32:1,2,28,30 Ho 12:3. See JACOB. By the name Israel is sometimes understood all the posterity of Israel, the seed of Jacob, 1Co 10:18; sometimes all true believers, his spiritual seed, Ro 9:6; and sometimes the kingdom of Israel, or the ten tribes, as distinct from the kingdom of Judah.
אֵלוֹן (Elon) refers to a name that encompasses several figures and a location in the Old Testament. It includes a Hittite who was the father-in-law of Esau, a judge from the tribe of Zebulun, and a town in Dan. The name is derived from the word for 'oak-grove' and is associated with strength, as indicated by its meaning 'terebinth, mighty.'
אֵלוֹן n.pr.m.
son of Zebulun
a Hittite, father-in-law of Esau
a judge of Isr., of tribe of Zeb.
n.pr.loc. a town of Dan
base
H356 אֵלוֹן . son of Zebulun
. a Hittite, father-in-law of Esau
. a judge of Isr., of tribe of Zeb.
. a town of Dan
356 'Eylown ay-lone'
or (shortened) ;Elown {ay-lone'}; or Eylon {ay- lone'}; from
352; oak-grove; Elon, the name of a place in Palestine, and
also of one Hittite, two Israelites:--Elon.
see HEBREW for 0352
אֵלוֹן (e.lon) — Elon.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.26.34;
father of: Adah (H5711H)
§ Elon = "terebinth, mighty"
1) Hittite, father-in-law of Esau
2) second son of Zebulun
3) Zebulonite judge of Israel
4) town in Dan
אֵלוֹן (e.lon) — Elon.
A man of the tribe of Zebulun living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.14;
son of: Zebulun (H2074);
brother of: Sered (H5624) and Jahleel (H3177)
Also named: e.lo.ni (אֵלֹנִי "Elonite" H0440)
§ Elon = "terebinth, mighty"
1) Hittite, father-in-law of Esau
2) second son of Zebulun
3) Zebulonite judge of Israel
4) town in Dan
אֵלוֹן (e.lon) — Elon.
§ Elon = "terebinth, mighty"
town in Dan
אֵלוֹן (e.lon) — Elon.
A Judge living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.12.11
§ Elon = "terebinth, mighty"
1) Hittite, father-in-law of Esau
2) second son of Zebulun
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Elon
Oak. (1.) A city of Dan (Josh. 19:43). (2.) A Hittite, father of Bashemath, Esau’s wife (Gen. 26:34). (3.) One of the sons of Zebulun (Gen. 46:14). (4.) The eleventh of the Hebrew judges. He held office for ten years (Judg. 12:11, 12). He is called the Zebulonite.
(an oak). A Hittite, whose daughter was one of Esau’s wives. (Genesis 26:34; 36:2) (B.C. 1797.) The second of the three sons attributed to Zebulun, (Genesis 46:14; Numbers 26:26) and the founder of the family of the Elonites. (B.C. 1695.) Elon the Zebulonite, who judged Israel for ten years, and was buried in Aijalon in Zebulun. (Judges 12:11,12) (B.C. 1174-1164). On of the towns in the border of the tribe of Dan. (Joshua 19:43)
oak; grove; strong
זְבוּלֹנִי (zebuloni) refers to a Zebulonite, a descendant of Zebulun, one of the tribes of Israel. The term is derived from the root word for Zebulun and denotes someone belonging to this tribe, which is first mentioned in Genesis 30:20. It is used as both an adjective and a noun to describe members of this group.
זְבוּלֹנִי adj.gent.; c. art. = n. coll. the Zebulonites
base
H2075 זְבוּלֹנִי
2075 Zbuwloniy zeb-oo-lo-nee'
patronymically from 2074; a Zebulonite or descendant of
Zebulun:--Zebulonite.
see HEBREW for 02074
זְבוּלֹנִי (ze.vu.lo.ni) — Zebulunite.
Someone from the tribe of Zebulun living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.20;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);
brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Issachar (H3485) and Dinah (H1783);
half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);
father of: Sered (H5624), Elon (H0356H) and Jahleel (H3177)
Group of ze.vu.lun (זְבוּלֻן "Zebulun" H2074)
§ Zebulonite , of Zebulun
a descendant of Zebulun and member of the tribe of Zebulun
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
שָׁפַט (shaphat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to judge or govern. It encompasses a range of actions including pronouncing sentences, executing judgments, and deciding controversies in various contexts such as civil and religious matters. The word can also imply being judged or entering into legal disputes. There is a specific mention of its use in the context of final judgment.
שָׁפַט 185 vb. judge, govern
Qal
act as law-giver, judge, governor
specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
execute judgment
Niph.
recipr., enter into controversy, plead
pass. be judged
Pô‛el = my opponent-at-law
base
H8199 שָׁפַט judge, govern .. act as law-giver, judge, governor
. specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
. execute judgment
. . recipr., enter into controversy, plead
. pass. be judged
.= my opponent-at-law
8199 shaphat shaw-fat'
a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or
against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by
extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or
figuratively):--+ avenge, X that condemn, contend, defend,
execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), X needs, plead,
reason, rule.
שָׁפַט (sha.phat) — to judge.
1) to judge, govern, vindicate, punish
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to act as law-giver or judge or governor (of God, man)
1a1a) to rule, govern, judge
1a2) to decide controversy (of God, man)
1a3) to execute judgment
1a3a) discriminating (of man)
1a3b) vindicating
1a3c) condemning and punishing
1a3d) at theophanic advent for final judgment
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to enter into controversy, plead, have controversy together
1b2) to be judged
1c) (Poel) judge, opponent-at-law (participle)
Hc/Vqw3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el) refers to both the second name of Jacob, meaning 'God prevails,' and the name of the Hebrew nation descended from him. It is derived from roots meaning 'to rule' and 'God.' The term encompasses Jacob's descendants and is used historically for the northern kingdom of Israel and the nation as a whole after the Babylonian exile.
יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507 n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth)
n.pr.m. second name of Jacob
n.pr.gent. name of Hebrew nation
base
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth) . n. pr. m. second name of Jacob
. n. pr. gent. name of Hebrew nation
3478 Yisra'el yis-raw-ale'
from 8280 and 410; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical
name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity:
--Israel.
see HEBREW for 08280
see HEBREW for 0410
יִשְׂרָאֵל (yis.ra.el) — Israel.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A);
father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently
§ Israel = "God prevails"
1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
iz'-ra-el.
See JACOB.
Israel
The name conferred on Jacob after the great prayer-struggle at Peniel (Gen. 32:28), because “as a prince he had power with God and prevailed.” (See JACOB.) This is the common name given to Jacob’s descendants. The whole people of the twelve tribes are called “Israelites,” the “children of Israel” (Josh. 3:17; 7:25; Judg. 8:27; Jer. 3:21), and the “house of Israel” (Ex. 16:31; 40:38).
This name Israel is sometimes used emphatically for the true Israel (Ps. 73:1: Isa. 45:17; 49:3;
(the prince that prevails with God). The name given, (Genesis 32:28) to Jacob after his wrestling with the angel, (Hosea 12:4) at Peniel. Gesenius interprets Israel "soldier of God." It became the national name of the twelve tribes collectively. They are so called in (Exodus 3:16) and afterward. It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in (1 Samuel 11:8; 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 12:16) Thenceforth it was assumed and accepted as the name of the northern kingdom. After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of…
Who prevails with God, a name given to Jacob, after having wrestled with the Angel-Jehovah at Penuel. Ge 32:1,2,28,30 Ho 12:3. See JACOB. By the name Israel is sometimes understood all the posterity of Israel, the seed of Jacob, 1Co 10:18; sometimes all true believers, his spiritual seed, Ro 9:6; and sometimes the kingdom of Israel, or the ten tribes, as distinct from the kingdom of Judah.
עֶשֶׂר (eser) means 'ten' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root related to counting, specifically indicating the number ten and its use in combination with other numbers. The Aramaic equivalent is עֲשַׂר (asar), also meaning 'ten.'
עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה 176 n.m. and f. ten
base
H6235 עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה ten
6235 `eser eh'ser
masculine of term aasarah {as-aw-raw'}; from 6237; ten (as an
accumulation to the extent of the digits):--ten, (fif-,
seven-)teen.
see HEBREW for 06237
עֶשֶׂר (e.ser) — ten.
1) ten
1a) ten
1b) with other numbers
Aramaic equivalent: a.sar (עֲשַׂר "ten" H6236)
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
שָׁנָה (shaneh) means 'year' and is derived from the root meaning to change or revolve. It encompasses various aspects of time, including divisions of time, measures of age, and even a lifetime. The Aramaic equivalent is שְׁנָה (she.nah), also meaning 'year'.
שָׁנָה 877 n.f. year (etym. v. √[v.ek.aa])
base
H8141 שָׁנָה year (etym. v. √[8138a])
8141 shaneh shaw-neh'
(in plura or (feminine) shanah {shaw-naw'}; from 8138; a year
(as a revolution of time):--+ whole age, X long, + old,
year(X -ly).
see HEBREW for 08138
שָׁנָה (sha.neh) — year.
1) year
1a) as division of time
1b) as measure of time
1c) as indication of age
1d) a lifetime (of years of life)
Aramaic equivalent: she.nah (שְׁנָה "year" H8140)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa