Menu

Job 21:23 — Word Study

Depth

WLCזֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּעֶ֣צֶם תֻּמּ֑וֹ כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹ שַׁלְאֲנַ֥ן וְשָׁלֵֽיו׃

BSAOne manzeh diesmûwth [in his full strength, being wholly at ease] full of vigorʻetsem [physical and spiritual] completelykôl [at peace, tranquil] secureshalʼănân [in his prosperity, well-being] and at easeshâlêv [quiet, without troubles]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 21
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 23 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.sha.Leiv) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 21:23quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the contrasting fates of individuals at death.
Who is speakingJob, responding to his friends about the nature of life and death.
Where we areIn a discourse on the apparent prosperity of the wicked versus the suffering of the righteous.
The hard wordיָ֭מוּת
Take awayDeath comes to all, regardless of their life circumstances.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectזֶה verbמוּת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 21:23

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on Life and Deathgenerated

22Can anyone teach knowledge to God, since He judges those on high?
23One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.
24His body is well nourished, and his bones are rich with marrow.
25Yet another man dies in the bitterness of his soul, having never tasted prosperity.

Job 21:23 presents a meditation on the fate of individuals at death, highlighting the stark contrast between those who die in comfort and those who suffer. Job's assertion that one man dies full of vigor and security challenges the simplistic views of his friends regarding divine justice. This passage invites readers to consider the complexities of life and the nature of God's judgment, as seen in the surrounding verses that discuss the prosperity of the wicked and the suffering of the righteous.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 20:22–23In the midst of his plenty, he will be distressed; the full force of misery will come upon him.
2Psalm 49:17For when he dies, he will carry nothing away; his abundance will not follow him down.
3Psalm 73:4–5They have no struggle in their death; their bodies are well-fed.
4Luke 12:19–21Then I will say to myself, “You have plenty of good things laid up for many years. Take it easy. Eat, drink, and be merry!”’

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יָ֭מוּת, Ya.mutgenerated

The verb מוּת (mūth) means 'to die' and captures the finality of death. It can refer to both natural death and death as a punishment, indicating a range of meanings from dying peacefully to being executed. The parsing indicates it is in the imperfect tense, suggesting an ongoing or future action, specifically third person masculine singular, which in this context refers to 'one man'.

This word's usage here emphasizes the inevitability of death, regardless of one's life circumstances. Job's statement invites reflection on the nature of life and the fate that awaits everyone.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יָ֭מוּת, he will die, governs the whole verse. The structure includes a subject phrase identifying the man and several adjective phrases describing his state at death. The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the subject and its qualities, highlighting the contrast between life and death.

The sentence structure is straightforward, with the subject followed by descriptive phrases that elaborate on the man's condition, reinforcing the stark reality of death.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָ֭מוּת as ἀποθανεῖται, indicating a direct rendering of the Hebrew term for death. This choice maintains the focus on the finality of death, aligning with the Hebrew meaning.

The Greek word οὗτος for זֶ֗ה suggests a direct identification of the subject, emphasizing the specific individual being discussed.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 21:23 states that one man dies full of vigor and security, while another may die in bitterness. This highlights the different experiences of individuals at death, reflecting on the nature of life and the fate that awaits everyone.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that one man dies full of vigor?

It indicates that some individuals experience a full life, characterized by strength and security, at the time of their death.

How does Job's statement challenge the views of his friends?

Job's observation counters the simplistic belief that prosperity in life equates to divine favor, showing that death comes to all, regardless of their life circumstances.

What is the significance of contrasting deaths in this verse?

The contrast emphasizes the unpredictability of life and death, suggesting that external circumstances do not determine one's ultimate fate.

How does this verse relate to the theme of divine justice?

It raises questions about the nature of justice and fairness, as Job reflects on the apparent prosperity of the wicked in contrast to the suffering of the righteous.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do I perceive the relationship between life circumstances and spiritual well-being?
  2. In what ways can I find peace and security in my own life, regardless of external situations?
  3. How does understanding the inevitability of death influence the way I live my life?
  4. What lessons can I draw from Job's reflections on life and death?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators reflect on Job's discourse, examining the nature of divine justice and the contrasting fates of individuals as illustrated in this verse.

Julian of EclanumEXPOSITION ON THE BOOK OF Job 21:23-25 c. 386–455
In order to refute the argument of [his friends], who wanted to refer everything to [their concept] of divine equity, he shows how they are inferior to him in merits and successes,
Early Church Fathers on Job 21 →
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XV c. 540–604
Ver. 23-25. One dieth in his full strength, being rich and prosperous. His inwards are full of fatness, and his bowels are moistened with marrow. And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and hath never any wealth. 62.
Early Church Fathers on Job 21 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 21:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

One dieth in his full strength,.... Man is born a weak feeble creature, and it is by degrees, and through various stages of infancy, childhood, and youth, that he arrives to his full strength in

Read John Gill on Job 21 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet. Literally, in the bone [ `etsem (H6106)] of his perfection - i:e., the full strength of unimpaired prosperity (Umbreit).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 21 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

One, to wit, either, 1. One of these wicked men, of whose condition he is here speaking. Or, 2. Any one man, whether good or bad. In his full strength; in a state of perfect health, and strength, and prosperity; all which this phrase implies.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 21 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 21:23 One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.Ver. 23. One dieth in his full strength] Iste moritur, There is one dieth in his very perfections; or, in the strength of his perfection, when he is in the zenith, in the highest degree, of earthly felicity; and he seemeth to point at some one eminent wicked person, well known to them all. Confer Ecclesiastes 9:2. God is pleased to do wonderful contradictory things in man’ s reason; so that we must needs confess an unsearchableness in his ways. In hoc opere, ratio humana talpa magis caeca est, saith Brentius; In this work of his, human reason is blinder than a mole. Averroes turned atheist upon it, and Aristotle was…

Read John Trapp on Job 21 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) One dieth.—Job enlarges on the inequality of human fate, showing that death is the only equaliser.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 21 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 23. One dieth in his full strength] In this and the three following verses Job shows that the inequality of fortune, goods, health, strength, c., decides nothing either for or against persons in reference to the approbation or disapprobation of God, as these various lots are no indications of their wickedness or innocence. One has a sudden, another a lingering death but by none of these can their eternal states be determined.

Read AdamClarke on Job 21 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

23. in his full strength] lit. in his very perfection, or completeness, meaning, in the full enjoyment of all that made his lot complete, wanting nothing—as the second clause explains.

Read Cambridge on Job 21 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

One dieth in his full strength - Margin, “very perfection,” or, “in the strength of his perfection.” The meaning is, that he dies in the very prime and vigor of life, surrounded with everything that can contribute to comfort.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 21 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

One dies in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“One man dies in his full vigor, completely secure and prosperous,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

One dieth in his full strength, Being wholly at ease and quiet:

RVARevised Version, American1894

One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

One dyeth in his full strength, being in all ease and prosperitie.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

This [one] dieth in his perfect strength, Wholly at ease and quiet.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

This [one] dies in his perfect strength, || Wholly at ease and quiet.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

That this one dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

One man dies in his full strength, being completely quiet and at ease.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

One man dieth strong, and hale, rich and happy.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

One person dies in good health, totally comfortable and secure.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

One comes to his end in complete well-being, full of peace and quiet:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausesubjectזֶ֗הthis.[one]verbיָ֭מוּתhe.will.dieprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinnoun phraseעֶ֣צֶםthe.substancenoun phraseתֻּמּ֑his.completenessוֹhisclausenoun phrase · subjectכֻּ֝לּ֗of.himוֹalladjective phrase · predicateשַׁלְאֲנַ֥ן[is].at.easeוְandשָׁלֵֽיוat.ease

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording for יָ֭מוּת. The Septuagint matches all seven words of the Hebrew text, indicating a strong correspondence between the two versions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

זֶ֗ה יָ֭מוּת בְּעֶ֣צֶם תֻּמּ֑וֹ כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹ שַׁלְאֲנַ֥ן וְשָׁלֵֽיו׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
זֶ֗הοὗτοςיָ֭מוּתἀποθανεῖταιבְּעֶ֣צֶםκράτειתֻּמּ֑וֹαὐτοῦכֻּ֝לּ֗וֹδὲשַׁלְאֲנַ֥ןεὐπαθῶνוְשָׁלֵֽיו׃εὐθηνῶν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 21:23זֶהthis [one]this [one]זֶהמוּתhe will diehe will dieמוּתעֶ֫צֶםwith limb[swith limb[s] ofעֶ֫צֶםתֹּםcompletenescompleteness hiתֹּםכֹּלall of himall of himכֹּלשַׁאֲנָן[is] at eas[is] at easeשַׁאֲנָןשָׁלֵוand at easeand at easeשָׁלֵועָצֹםbe vastbe vastעָצֹםתָּמַםto finishto finishתָּמַםכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלשָׁלָהto prosperto prosperשָׁלָהזֶהthisthisזֶהזֹהthisthisזֹהשַׁאֲנָןsecuresecureשַׁאֲנָןאַיwhere?where?אַיהֶ֫בֶלvanityvanityהֶ֫בֶלרָצַחto murderto murderרָצַחקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרבָּשָׂרfleshfleshבָּשָׂרמָשַׁךְto drawto drawמָשַׁךְקֶ֫שֶׁתbowbowקֶ֫שֶׁתעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהיָשַׁבto dwellto dwellיָשַׁב
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 21:23

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
זֶ֗הZeh this [one] H2088 Particle
1,180× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning this or that, used to point out a specific person or thing. It appears in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms, to indicate something specific. The KJV translates it as he, here, or it.
Tyndale gloss
this
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֶה (zeh) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone, be used appositively, or function as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns, adding emphasis and directness. In poetry, it may serve as a relative pronoun, though this usage is rare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here

standing alone

In appos. to subst.

More oft. as pred.

It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

With prefixes (in special senses)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2088 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone

. In appos. to subst.

. More oft. as pred.

. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

. With prefixes (in special senses)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2088 zeh zeh

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this

or that:--he, X hence, X here, it(-self), X now, X of him, the

one...the other, X than the other, (X out of) the (self) same,

such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on

that side, X thus, very, which. Compare 2063, 2090, 2097,

2098.

see HEBREW for 02063

see HEBREW for 02090

see HEBREW for 02097

see HEBREW for 02098

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֶה (zeh) — this.

1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such

1a) (alone)

1a1) this one

1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another

1b) (appos to subst)

1b1) this

1c) (as predicate)

1c1) this, such

1d) (enclitically)

1d1) then

1d2) who, whom

1d3) how now, what now

1d4) what now

1d5) wherefore now

1d6) behold here

1d7) just now

1d8) now, now already

1e) (poetry)

1e1) wherein, which, those who

1f) (with prefixes)

1f1) in this (place) here, then

1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter

1f3) thus and thus

1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus

1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side

1f6) on this account

1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Particle
HTm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
יָ֭מוּתYa.mut he will die H4191 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
840× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Amplified meaning
in his full strength, being wholly at ease
Tyndale gloss
to die
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּת vb. die

Qal

die, of natural or other causes

die as a penalty = be put to death

Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

Hiph.

abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

subj. God, by inflicting penalty

of animals killing men

bring to a premature death

Hoph. be killed, put to death

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes

. die as a penalty = be put to death

. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)

. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man

. subj. God, by inflicting penalty

. of animals killing men

. bring to a premature death

. be killed, put to death

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4191 muwth mooth

a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);

causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,

man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,

be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,

slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּת (mut) — to die.

1) to die, kill, have one executed

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to die

1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death

1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)

1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)

1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch

1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death

1d) (Hophal)

1d1) to be killed, be put to death

1d1a) to die prematurely

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(muth, gawa`; apothnesko, teleutao): "To die," etc., is of very frequent occurrence, and in the Old Testament is generally the translation of muth, meaning perhaps originally, "to be stretched out" or "prostrate." "To die," should be the consequence of eating the forbidden fruit (Ge 2:17; compare Ge 20:7; 2Ki 1:4,6). "Die" is commonly used of natural death (Ge 5:8; 25:8). It is used also of violent death (Ge 26:9,11; Ex 21:20); punitive (Ex 19:12; 21:12,14; 28:43; Nu…

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
בְּעֶ֣צֶםbe.'E.tzem with limb[s] of H6106 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
126× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word refers to a bone or the body, and can also mean the substance or essence of something. It is used in many parts of the Bible, including in the book of Genesis and Psalms, to describe the physical body.
Amplified meaning
physical and spiritual
Tyndale gloss
bone
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֶ֫צֶם (etsem) primarily means 'bone' but extends to concepts of substance and self. It can refer to the physical body, limbs, or essence. The word is derived from a root related to strength, indicating a connection between physicality and identity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֶ֫צֶם 125 n.f. bone, substance, self

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6106 עֶ֫צֶם bone, substance, self

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6106 `etsem eh'tsem

from 6105; a bone (as strong); by extension, the body;

figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame:--body,

bone, X life, (self-)same, strength, X very.

see HEBREW for 06105

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone.

: bone/limb

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: same.

: same/very

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: body.

: body

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
HR/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
תֻּמּ֑וֹtu.Mo completeness his H8537 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
23× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means being complete or having integrity, and is used to describe someone who is innocent and morally pure. In the Bible, it describes people who are full of integrity and live with simplicity. It is often translated as 'integrity' or 'upright'.
Tyndale gloss
integrity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תֹּם (tom) refers to completeness or integrity, encompassing notions of fullness, innocence, and simplicity. It is derived from a root meaning to be complete or perfect. The word appears in contexts related to moral uprightness and wholeness, though the specific verses are not detailed in the entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תֹּם n.[m.] completeness, integrity

completeness, fulness

innocence, simplicity

integrity

תֻּמִּים

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8537 תֹּם completeness, integrity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8537 tom tome

from 8552; completeness; figuratively, prosperity; usually

(morally) innocence:--full, integrity, perfect(-ion),

simplicity, upright(-ly, -ness), at a venture. See 8550.

see HEBREW for 08552

see HEBREW for 08550

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תֹּם (tom) — integrity.

1) integrity, completeness

1a) completeness, fulness

1b) innocence, simplicity

1c) integrity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
כֻּ֝לּ֗וֹku.Lo all of him H3605 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
at peace, tranquil
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
שַׁלְאֲנַ֥ןshal.'a.Nan [is] at ease H7946 Adj
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a state of being 'at ease' or 'quiet', feeling secure and tranquil, like the peaceful times in the book of Psalms. It's about being free from worry.
Amplified meaning
in his prosperity, well-being
Tyndale gloss
at ease
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁאֲנָן (shal'anan) refers to a state of being at ease, tranquil, or secure. The entries indicate that it is related to the concept of tranquility, with a specific mention in Job 21:23. Notably, Brown-Driver-Briggs identifies it as a lapsus calami for שַׁאֲנָן, suggesting a potential confusion or error in transcription.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁלְאֲנָן Jb 21:23 lapsus cal. for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7946 שַׁאֲנָן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7946 shal'anan shal-an-awn'

for 7600; tranquil:--being at ease.

see HEBREW for 07600

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁלְאֲנָן (shal.a.nan) — at ease.

at ease, quiet, secure

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ez (sha'anan, shal'anan, chiefly, "at ease"):

Used 19 times in the Old Testament and once in the New Testament, most frequently meaning tranquillity, security or comfort of mind; in an ethical sense, indicating carelessness or indifference with reference to one's moral or religious interests.

The prophet Jeremiah used the phrase as an indication of national or tribal indifference: "Moab hath been at ease from his youth" (Jer 48:11); "I am very sore displeased with the nations that are at ease" (Zec 1:15). Frequent allusions are made also by various prophets to individuals or groups of individuals, as "Woe to them that are at ease in Zion" (Am 6:1); "Rise up, ye women that are at ease" (

this [one] he will die with limb[s] of completeness his all of him [is] at ease and at ease
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Being at ease means feeling peaceful and secure, like having no worries. In the Bible, it can also mean being prosperous or wealthy, but sometimes it can imply being too comfortable and becoming careless.
Amplified meaning
quiet, without troubles
Tyndale gloss
at ease
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלֵו (*shalev*) is derived from the root meaning to be at ease or tranquil. It encompasses a range of meanings including quietness, prosperity, and security, but can also imply carelessness in a negative sense. The entries highlight its use in describing both people and land as being at ease.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁלֵו, שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adj. quiet, at ease

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7961 שָׁלֵו, שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו, שְׁלַוָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7961 shalev shaw-lave'

or shaleyv {shaw-lave'}; feminine shlevah {shel-ay-vaw'};

from 7951; tranquil; (in a bad sense) careless; abstractly,

security:--(being) at ease, peaceable, (in) prosper(-ity),

quiet(-ness), wealthy.

see HEBREW for 07951

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֵו (sha.lev) — at ease.

1) quiet, at ease, prosperous

1a) at ease (of persons)

1b) quiet (of land)

1c) quiet, ease

1d) ease (subst)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adj — Conjunction
HC/Aamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ez (sha'anan, shal'anan, chiefly, "at ease"):

Used 19 times in the Old Testament and once in the New Testament, most frequently meaning tranquillity, security or comfort of mind; in an ethical sense, indicating carelessness or indifference with reference to one's moral or religious interests.

The prophet Jeremiah used the phrase as an indication of national or tribal indifference: "Moab hath been at ease from his youth" (Jer 48:11); "I am very sore displeased with the nations that are at ease" (Zec 1:15). Frequent allusions are made also by various prophets to individuals or groups of individuals, as "Woe to them that are at ease in Zion" (Am 6:1); "Rise up, ye women that are at ease" (

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate