Job 31:38 — Word Study
WLCאִם־ עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃
BSAifʼim my landʼădâmâh [the earth, soil] cries outzâʻaq▸ [to cry out for help, accuse] against meʻal and its furrowstelem [ridges, ploughed earth] weepbâkâh▸ [to shed tears, mourn] togetheryachad [in unity, as one]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אִם־ | if | Particle |
| עָ֭לַי | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| אַדְמָתִ֣י | land my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| תִזְעָ֑ק | it cried out | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וְ֝יַ֗חַד | and together | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ | furrows its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃ | they wept ! | Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | if my land cries out against me and its furrows weep together, |
| KJV | If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain; |
| ASV | If my land crieth out against me, And the furrows thereof weep together; |
| YLT | If against me my land doth cry out, And together its furrows weep, |
| WEB | If my land cries out against me, and its furrows weep together; |
| BBE | If my land has made an outcry against me, or the ploughed earth has been in sorrow; |
The translations agree on the meaning of the verse, with no significant differences noted.
The sentence is structured with a conditional clause followed by descriptions of the subjects involved, emphasizing the relationship between Job and the land.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָעַק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 31:38
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Defense of His Integritygenerated
Job 31:38 is part of Job's lengthy defense where he asserts his righteousness and challenges any accusations against him. He reflects on his treatment of the land and its inhabitants, suggesting that if he has wronged them, the land itself would testify against him. This passage highlights the deep connection between Job and his environment, emphasizing his moral responsibility.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 20:27 | The heavens will expose his iniquity, and the earth will rise up against him. |
| 2 | Habakkuk 2:11 | For the stones will cry out from the wall, and the rafters will echo it from the woodwork. |
| 3 | James 5:4 | Look, the wages you withheld from the workmen who mowed your fields are crying out against you. The cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts. |
| 4 | Psalm 65:13 | The pastures are clothed with flocks, and the valleys are decked with grain. They shout in triumph; indeed, they sing. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תִזְעָ֑ק, tiz.'Akgenerated
The verb זָעַק (za`aq) means to cry out, often in a context of distress or need. It indicates a loud call for help or a public announcement. In this verse, it personifies the land, suggesting that it has a voice to accuse Job if he has acted unjustly.
The use of the imperfect tense shows an ongoing or potential action, hinting at the possibility that the land could cry out if Job's actions warranted such a response. This verb captures the gravity of Job's plea, as he invokes the land's testimony to reflect his integrity.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb תִזְעָ֑ק, it cries out, with two subordinate phrases: a prepositional phrase indicating the subject of the cry and a noun phrase indicating the furrows. The structure emphasizes Job's concern for his moral standing.
The word order places the condition אִם־ (if) first, setting up the hypothetical situation that Job is contemplating, which adds weight to his argument.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תִזְעָ֑ק as ἐστέναχεν, which means 'to groan' or 'to sigh.' This choice suggests a more emotional response from the land, perhaps indicating a deeper sense of injustice or sorrow.
This translation choice reflects a widening of the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing not just a cry for help but also the emotional weight of the land's plight.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 31:38 expresses Job's concern that if he has wronged the land he cultivates, it would cry out against him. He emphasizes his integrity and the connection between his actions and the land's well-being.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is questioning whether the land he works would accuse him of wrongdoing, highlighting his moral responsibility towards it.
The furrows symbolize the land's response to Job's actions; if he has acted unjustly, even the earth would mourn.
Job's concern reflects his understanding of the interconnectedness of human actions and the environment, emphasizing ethical stewardship.
This verse is part of Job's defense of his integrity, as he challenges any accusations against him by appealing to the land as a witness.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I take responsibility for my actions and their impact on others and the environment?
- How can I ensure that my conduct aligns with my values, as Job seeks to do?
- What does it mean for me to be accountable for the places and people I interact with?
- How do I respond to the call of justice in my community, as Job does with the land?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on Job's reflections, discussing the implications of land and justice as Job articulates his defense.
“If my land has ever cried out against me, or if its furrows have wept together.” Therefore, neither the land cries out nor weeps. What does he mean? Certainly the land does not really groan, but inanimate beings perceive injustices.Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →
If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain: if I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have afflicted the soul of the tillers thereof;Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →
Let us hear what is said in the voice of blessed Job: If my land cries out against me, and its furrows weep together with it, if I have eaten its fruits without payment.Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 31:38 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleIf my land cry against me,.... Some think that this verse and Job 31:39 stand out of their place, and should rather follow after Job 31:34; and some place them after Job 31:25; and others after Job
Read John Gill on Job 31 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryIf my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain; Personification. The complaints of the unjustly ousted proprietors are transferred to the lands themselves (Job 31:20; Genesis 4:10; Habakkuk 2:11).
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 31 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTo wit, to God for revenge, as the like phrase is used, , because I have gotten it from the right owners by fraud or violence, as my friends charge me, and as is implied in the next verse.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 31 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 31:38 If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;Ver. 38. If my land cry against me] As unjustly gotten; where we have an elegant personification not unlike that of the prophet, Habakkuk 2:11-12, where the stone out of the wall cries out against the oppressor, and the tignum e ligno, the beam out of the timber, answereth it by a woeful antiphony. It hath been noted before, that Goropius will have the English to be called Angli, because they were good anglers, and had skill to lay various baits when they fished for other men’ s livings. May it be our care to disprove him, and to show ourselves angels rather (as Gregory the Great derived us), and our land to…
Read John Trapp on Job 31 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(38) Or that the furrows likewise thereof complain.—Rather, Or if the furrows thereof weep together—a strong impersonation to express the consequence of oppression and wrong-doing. It is to be observed that throughout this defence Job has far more than traversed the indictment of his friends. He has shown that he has not only not broken the moral law, as they insinuated, but, much more, has shown himself exemplary in all the relations of life, so that, according to the narrator of the history, he was not only one that feared God and eschewed evil (Job 1:1), but also was perfect, i.e., of sincere and consistent conduct and upright.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 31 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 38. If my land cry] The most careless reader may see that the introduction of this and the two following verses here, disturbs the connection, and that they are most evidently out of their place. Job seems here to refer to that law, Leviticus 25:1-7, by which the Israelites were obliged to give the land rest every seventh year, that the soil might not be too much exhausted by perpetual cultivation, especially in a country which afforded so few advantages to improve the arable ground by manure. He, conscious that he had acted according to this law, states that his land could not cry out against him, nor its furrows complain. He had not broken the law, nor exhausted the soil.
Read AdamClarke on Job 31 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges38–40. Job resumes his protestations, imprecating a curse upon his lands if he have acquired them unjustly, and wishing that they may bring forth weeds instead of grain. 38. If my land cry out against me, And the furrows thereof weep together; 39. If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, And caused the soul of its owners to expire: 40. Let thistles, &c.
Read Cambridge on Job 31 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIf my land cry against me - This is a new specification of an offence, and an imprecation of an appropriate punishment if he had been guilty of it.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 31 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
if my land cries out against me and its furrows weep together,
If my land cries out against me, and its furrows weep together;
if my land cries out against me and its furrows weep together,
“If my land cried out against me and all its furrows wept together,
Tyndale line
If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;
If my land crieth out against me, And the furrows thereof weep together;
If my land cry out against me, and the furrows thereof weep together;
If my land crieth against me, or its furrows likewise complain;
If my lande cry against me, or the furrowes thereof complayne together,
Strictly literal
If my land cry out against me, and its furrows weep together;
If against me my land doth cry out, And together its furrows weep,
If my land cries out against me, || And together its furrows weep,
If my land ever cried out because of me, or if its furrows wept together;
If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together,
From the Latin
If my land cry against me, and with it the furrows thereof mourn:
Simplified
If my land has cried out against me; if her furrows have wept over me;
If my land has made an outcry against me, or the ploughed earth has been in sorrow;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of אִם־ עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃. Both texts convey Job's concern about the land's response to his actions.
אִם־ עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 31:38
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.
אִם conj.
hypoth. part. if
Interrog. part.
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if
. Interrog. part.
H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
518 'im eem
a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;
interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh
that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,
doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +
more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,
+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,
none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,
whereas, whether, while, + yet.
אִם (im) — if.
: if/whether_or/though
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
אִם (im) — if: surely no.
: surely_no
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: surely yes.
: surely_yes
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: until.
: until/except
Conj — ParticleHTc
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
אֲדָמָה (adamah) refers to ground or land, encompassing meanings such as tilled soil, a specific plot of land, and the earth's visible surface. It can denote territory or the whole inhabited earth, and it is also the name of a city in Naphtali. The word is derived from a root meaning 'red,' likely referring to the color of soil.
אֲדָמָה 224 n.f. ground, land (as tilled)
ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance)
piece of ground, landed property
earth as material substance
ground as earth's visible surface
land, territory, country
whole earth, inhabited earth
n. pr. loc. city in Naphtali
base
H127 אֲדָמָה ground, land . ground (as tilled, yielding sustenance)
. piece of ground, landed property
. earth as material substance
. ground as earth's visible surface
. land, territory, country
. whole earth, inhabited earth
. n. pr. loc. city in Naphtali
127 'adamah ad-aw-maw'
from 119; soil (from its general redness):--country, earth,
ground, husband(-man) (-ry), land.
see HEBREW for 0119
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: soil.
: soil
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
1e) land, territory, country
1f) whole inhabited earth
1g) city in Naphtali
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: country.
: country
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
1e) land, territory, country
1f) whole inhabited earth
1g) city in Naphtali
אֲדָמָה (a.da.mah) — land: planet.
: planet
1) ground, land
1a) ground (as general, tilled, yielding sustenance)
1b) piece of ground, a specific plot of land
1c) earth substance (for building or constructing)
1d) ground as earth's visible surface
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
זָעַק (za`aq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cry out or call for help, often in a context of distress or need. It can also refer to assembling or summoning people, particularly for military purposes. The word has various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of calling or gathering.
[זָעַק] vb. cry, cry out, call
Qal
call, to one's aid
cry, cry out, in need
Niph. be called together, assemble, join
Hiph.
call, call out, or together, for military service
make a crying
have proclamation made
call out, or at
base
H2199 זָעַק cry, cry out, call .. call, to one's aid
. cry, cry out, in need
. be called together, assemble, join
. . call, call out, or together, for military service
. make a crying
. have proclamation made
. call out, or at
2199 za`aq zaw-ak'
a primitive root; to shriek (from anguish or danger); by
analogy, (as a herald) to announce or convene publicly:--
assemble, call (together), (make a) cry (out), come with such
a company, gather (together), cause to be proclaimed.
זָעַק (za.aq) — to cry out.
1) to cry, cry out, call, call for help
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call (to one's aid)
1a2) to cry, cry out (in need)
1b) (Niphal) to be assembled, be called together, be joined together
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to call, call out, call together, summon
1c2) to make a crying, proclaim
1c3) to have a proclamation made
1c4) to call out to, call out at
Aramaic equivalent: ze.iq (זְעִ֑ק "to cry out" H2200)
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularHVqi3fs
יַ֫חַד (yachad) refers to the concept of unitedness or being together. It can function as a noun meaning 'unitedness' and as an adverb meaning 'together.' The word is built from a root that emphasizes unity and is used in various contexts in the Old Testament.
יַ֫חַד 45 n.[m.] unitedness
as subst.
elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
base
יָחְדָּו 92 adv. together
base
H3162a יַ֫חַד unitedness . as subst.
. elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
H3162b יָחְדָּו adv. together
3162 yachad yakh'-ad
from 3161; properly, a unit, i.e. (adverb) unitedly:--alike,
at all (once), both, likewise, only, (al-)together, withal.
see HEBREW for 03161
יַ֫חַד (ya.chad) — unitedness.
1) union, unitedness
יָחְדָּו (yach.dav) — together.
adv
together
Conj | Adv — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
תֶּ֫לֶם (telem) refers to a furrow, which is a term used for a groove or trench in soil, often created for planting. It is derived from an unused root meaning to accumulate, suggesting a connection to the act of forming ridges or banks in agricultural contexts.
תֶּ֫לֶם n.m. furrow
base
H8525 תֶּ֫לֶם
8525 telem teh'-lem
from an unused root meaning to accumulate; a bank or
terrace:--furrow, ridge.
תֶּ֫לֶם (te.lem) — furrow.
furrow
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.
בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail
Qal
weep
weep bitterly
weep upon
bewail
in sense of burden, annoy with weeping
of penitent weeping
Pi. lament; bewail
base
H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail
1058 bakah baw-kaw'
a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,
bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X
with tears, weep.
בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.
1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)
1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)
1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)
1a4) to bewail
1b) (Piel) participle
1b1) lamenting
1b2) bewailing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVqi3mp/Sn