Joshua 15:41 — Word Study
WLCוּגְדֵר֕וֹת בֵּית־ דָּג֥וֹן וְנַעֲמָ֖ה וּמַקֵּדָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס
BSAGederothGᵉdêrôwth [a walled town] Beth-dagonBêyth-Dâgôwn [house of Dagon, a place of idolatry] NaamahNaʻămâh [a woman's name] and MakkedahMaqqêdâh [place of shepherds, a site of spiritual leadership] sixteenshêsh [six + ten] citiesʻîyr [towns with walls, places of community] along with their villageschâtsêr [small settlements, surrounding areas]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּגְדֵר֕וֹת | and Gederoth | Conjunction, noun proper |
| בֵּית־ | Beth | Noun proper |
| דָּג֥וֹן | Dagon | Noun proper |
| וְנַעֲמָ֖ה | and Naamah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּמַקֵּדָ֑ה | and Makkedah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| עָרִ֥ים | cities | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| שֵׁשׁ־ | six- | Adj |
| עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה | teen | |
| וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס | and villages their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen cities, along with their villages. |
| KJV | And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages: |
| ASV | and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages. |
| YLT | and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities and their villages. |
| WEB | Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages. |
| BBE | And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen towns with their unwalled places. |
The translations agree on the names and descriptions of the cities listed in this verse.
The main clause identifies the cities, while the numeral phrase and prepositional phrase provide additional context about their quantity and surrounding areas.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 15:41
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Cities of Judahgenerated
Joshua 15:41 lists several cities in the territory of Judah, emphasizing their significance in the region. This passage serves as a record of the cities allocated to the tribe of Judah, showcasing their historical and geographical importance. The mention of villages alongside the cities indicates the community structure of the area, reflecting the life and culture of the inhabitants.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 10:21–28 | The whole army returned safely to Joshua in the camp at Makkedah, and no one dared to utter a word against the Israelites. |
| 2 | Joshua 12:16 | the king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one; |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גְּדֵרוֹת, u.ge.de.Rotgenerated
The word גְּדֵרוֹת (Gderowth) is a plural noun derived from גְּדֵר (ghedar), meaning 'walls.' This indicates that Gederoth was a fortified location, highlighting its defensive characteristics. The parsing as a noun proper suggests it is a specific place in Judah, known for its walls.
Gederoth is mentioned in the context of other cities, which collectively represent the heritage of Judah. The lexicons emphasize its association with walls, reinforcing the idea of Gederoth as a secure settlement.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the naming of the cities.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause lists the cities: וּגְדֵרוֹת, בֵּית־דָּגֹון, וְנַעֲמָה, and וּמַקֵּדָה — with the finite verb implied in the context of naming.
The structure culminates in a numeral phrase indicating the total of sixteen cities, which emphasizes the completeness of the list. The organization of the names followed by the total number of cities creates a clear and informative presentation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גְּדֵרוֹת as γεδδωρ, indicating a direct correspondence in naming. This choice underscores the continuity of the city's identity across translations.
The LXX's use of γεδδωρ reflects the Greek understanding of the city, maintaining its significance as a fortified location.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 15:41 lists four cities in Judah: Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah. It states that there are sixteen cities in total, along with their villages. Each city has a significance tied to its name, reflecting the culture and history of the region.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Gederoth means 'walls' and refers to a fortified town in Judah.
Beth-dagon means 'house of Dagon' and is associated with the worship of the deity Dagon.
Naamah was a woman mentioned in Genesis 4:22, known for her name meaning 'loveliness'.
Makkedah is known as the place where Joshua captured five Canaanite kings.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the culture of Judah from the names of these cities?
- How do the descriptions of these cities reflect their historical significance?
- In what ways do fortified cities like Gederoth serve a purpose in biblical narratives?
- What role do villages play in the context of these cities and their communities?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 15:41 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Gederoth,.... Gederoth is reckoned among the cities of the low country, and south of Judah, 2 Chronicles 28:18; and Bethdagon; in it very probably was a temple of Dagon, which was a principal
Read John Gill on Joshua 15 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Gederoth, Bethdagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages: Gederoth , [ Gªdeerowt (H1450), folds; and with the article, 2 Chronicles 28:18; Septuagint, Geddoor].
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 15 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(41) Of the sixteen towns in Joshua 15:37-41, Conder identifies seven.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 15 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 41. Beth-dagon] The house or temple of Dagon. This is a well known idol of the Philistines, and probably the place mentioned here was in some part of their territories; but the situation at present is unknown.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 15 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible37-41. This second group of the cities in the Shephelah, sixteen in number, are now nearly all unknown. On Lachish and Eglon, see Joshua 10:3.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 15 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen cities, along with their villages.
Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages.
Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen cities, along with their villages.
Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah – a total of sixteen cities and their towns.
Tyndale line
And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages:
and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages.
and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages.
And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages:
And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah: sixteene cities with their villages.
Strictly literal
and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah: sixteen cities and their hamlets.
and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities and their villages.
and Gederoth, Beth-Dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities and their villages.
And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Na'amah, and Makkedah: sixteen cities with their villages.
Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, Makkedah. These were sixteen cities in number, including their villages.
From the Latin
And Gideroth and Bethdagon and Naama and Maceda: sixteen cities, and their villages.
Simplified
Gederoth, Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen towns with their associated villages.
And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen towns with their unwalled places.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the majority of the words in this verse. The Septuagint aligns closely with the Hebrew, confirming the names of the cities and their descriptions.
וּגְדֵר֕וֹת בֵּית־ דָּג֥וֹן וְנַעֲמָ֖ה וּמַקֵּדָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ס
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 15:41
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גְּדֵרוֹת (Gderowth) is the plural form of גְּדֵר (ghedar), meaning 'walls.' It refers to a location called Gederoth in the low country of Judah. The entries consistently identify it as a place associated with walls.
גְּדֵרוֹת n.pr.loc. in Judah
base
H1450 גְּדֵרוֹת
1450 Gderowth ghed-ay-rohth'
plural of 1448; walls; Gederoth, a place in
Palestine:--Gederoth.
see HEBREW for 01448
גְּדֵרוֹת (ge.de.rot) — Gederoth.
§ Gederoth = "walls"
a town in the low country of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
ged'-e-roth, ge-de'-roth (gedheroth): A town in the Shephelah of Judah, named with Kithlish, Beth-dagon, Naamah and Makkedah (Jos 15:41). It is mentioned along with Bethshemesh and Aijalon as taken by the Philistines in the reign of Ahaz (2Ch 28:18). It possibly corresponds with the "Kidron" of 1 Macc 15:39,41; 16:9. Eusebius, Onomasticon places a very large village named Gedrom 10 Roman miles from Lydda on the road to Eleutheropolis. This points to Katrah, Southeast of Yebnah.
(sheepfolds), a town in the low country of Judah. (Joshua 15:41; 2 Chronicles 28:18)
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (Beyth-Dagown) means 'house of Dagon' and refers to two locations in ancient Palestine, one in Judah and one in Asher. The term is composed of the words for 'house' (בַּיִת) and 'Dagon,' a deity. The entries consistently highlight its significance as a temple site dedicated to Dagon.
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן, בֵּית דָּגֹן n.pr.loc.
in Judah (house, i.e. temple of Dagon)
in Asher
base
H1016 בֵּית־דָּגוֹן, בֵּית דָּגֹן
1016 Beyth-Dagown bayth-daw-gohn'
from 1004 and 1712; house of Dagon; Beth-Dagon, the name of
two places in Palestine:--Beth-dagon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 01712
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (bet-da.gon) — Beth-dagon.
§ Beth-dagon = "house of Dagon"
the temple of Dagon in Judah
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (bet-da.gon) — Beth-dagon.
§ Beth-dagon = "house of Dagon"
the temple of Dagon in Asher
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (Beyth-Dagown) means 'house of Dagon' and refers to two locations in ancient Palestine, one in Judah and one in Asher. The term is composed of the words for 'house' (בַּיִת) and 'Dagon,' a deity. The entries consistently highlight its significance as a temple site dedicated to Dagon.
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן, בֵּית דָּגֹן n.pr.loc.
in Judah (house, i.e. temple of Dagon)
in Asher
base
H1016 בֵּית־דָּגוֹן, בֵּית דָּגֹן
1016 Beyth-Dagown bayth-daw-gohn'
from 1004 and 1712; house of Dagon; Beth-Dagon, the name of
two places in Palestine:--Beth-dagon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 01712
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (bet-da.gon) — Beth-dagon.
§ Beth-dagon = "house of Dagon"
the temple of Dagon in Judah
בֵּית־דָּגוֹן (bet-da.gon) — Beth-dagon.
§ Beth-dagon = "house of Dagon"
the temple of Dagon in Asher
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
da'-gon (daghon; apparently derived from dagh, "fish"): Name of the god of the Philistines (according to Jerome on Isa 46:1 of the Philistines generally); in the Bible, Dagon is associated with Gaza (Jud 16) but elsewhere with Ashdod (compare 1Sa 5 and 1 Macc 10:83 f; 11:4); in 1Ch 10:10 there is probably an error (compare the passage 1Sa 31:10). The god had his temple ("the house of Dagon") and his priests. When the ark was captured by the Philistines, it was conducted to Ashdod where it was placed in the house of Dagon by the side of the idol. But on the morrow it was found that the idol lay prostrate before the ark of the Lord. It was restored to its place; but on the following day Dagon again lay on the ground before the…
Dagon
Little fish; diminutive from dag = a fish, the fish-god; the national god of the Philistines (Judg. 16:23). This idol had the body of a fish with the head and hands of a man. It was an Assyrio-Babylonian deity, the worship of which was introduced among the Philistines through Chaldea. The most famous of the temples of Dagon were at Gaza (Judg. 16:23-30) and Ashdod (1 Sam. 5:1-7). (See FISH.)
(a fish), apparently the masculine, (1 Samuel 5:3,4) correlative of Atargatis, was the national god of the Philistines. The most famous temples of Dagon were at Gaza, (Judges 16:21-30) and Ashdod. (1 Samuel 5:5,6; 1 Chronicles 10:10) The latter temple was destroyed by Jonathan in the Maccabaean wars. Traces of the worship of Dagon likewise appear in the names Caphar-dagon (near Jamnia) and Beth-dagon in Judah, (Joshua 15:41) and Asher. (Joshua 19:27) Dagon was represented with the face and hands of a man and the tail of a fish. (
Fish-god, a national idol of the Philistines, with temples at Gaza, Ashdid, etc., 1Ch 10:10. The temple at Gaza was destroyed by Samson, Jud 16:21-30. In that at Ashdod, Dagon twice miraculously fell down before the ark of God; and in the second fall his head and hands were broken off, leaving only the body, which was in the form of a large fish, 1Sa 5:1-9. See Jos 15:41; 19:27. There were other idols of like form among the ancients, particularly the goddess Derceto of Atergatis; and a similar form or "incarnation" of Vishnu is at this day much worshipped in India, and like Dagon is destined to be prostrated in the dust before the true God.
נַעֲמָה (Na`amah) refers to a feminine name meaning 'loveliness.' It denotes a woman from the pre-Flood era, the sister of Tubal-Cain, and an Ammonitess who married Solomon and was the mother of Rehoboam. Additionally, it identifies a city in the lowlands of Judah, assigned to the tribe of Judah in Philistia.
נַעֲמָה n.pr.f.
sister of Tubal Cain
Ammonitess, mother of Rehoboam
base
נַעֲמָה n.pr.loc. city assigned to Judah in Philist. plain Jos 15:41
ref
H5279a נַעֲמָה . sister of Tubal Cain
. Ammonitess, mother of Rehoboam
H5279b נַעֲמָה city assigned to Judah in Philist. plain
5279 Na`amah nah-am-aw'
feminine of 5277; pleasantness; Naamah, the name of an
antediluvian woman, of an Ammonitess, and of a place in
Palestine:--Naamah.
see HEBREW for 05277
נַעֲמָה (na.a.mah) — Naamah.
A woman of the Ammonites living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.14.21; married to Solomon (H8010);
mother of: Rehoboam (H7346)
§ Naamah = "loveliness"
1) daughter of Lamech by his wife Zillah and sister of Tubal-cain in the days before the flood
2) the Ammonite wife of Solomon and mother of king Rehoboam of Judah
נַעֲמָה (na.a.mah) — Naamah.
§ Naamah = "loveliness"
a town in the lowlands of Judah in Philistia
נַעֲמָה (na.a.mah) — Naamah.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, only mentioned at Gen.4.22;
daughter of: Lamech (H3929) and Zillah (H6741);
sister of: Jabal (H2989), Jubal (H3106), Tubal-cain (H8423)
§ Naamah = "loveliness"
a town in the lowlands of Judah in Philistia
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Naamah
The beautiful. (1.) The daughter of Lamech and Zillah (Gen. 4: 22).
(2.) The daughter of the king of Ammon, one of the wives of Solomon, the only one who appears to have borne him a son, viz., Rehoboam (1 Kings 14:21, 31).
(3.) A city in the plain of Judah (Josh. 15:41), supposed by some to be identified with Na’aneh, some 5 miles south-east of Makkedah.
one of the towns of Judah in the district of the lowland or Shefelah. (Joshua 15:41) Capt. Warren, in Report of Palestine Exploration Fund , 1871, locates it at Naameh , six miles northeast of Yebna.
Naaman, beautiful; agreeable
מַקֵּדָה (Maqqedah) refers to a location in Judah, meaning 'place of shepherds.' It is noted for the cave where Joshua captured five Canaanite kings during the conquest of the land. The word is derived from a root related to herding, linking it to the concept of a fold.
מַקֵּדָה n.pr.loc. in Judah, near Beth Horon, and Libnah, where was a cave, captured by Joshua, with a king
base
H4719 מַקֵּדָה
4719 Maqqedah mak-kay-daw'
from the same as 5348 in the denominative sense of herding
(compare 5349); fold; Makkedah, a place in Palestine:--
Makkedah.
see HEBREW for 05348
see HEBREW for 05349
מַקֵּדָה (maq.qe.dah) — Makkedah.
§ Makkedah = "place of shepherds"
the location of a cave in Judah where Joshua captured and executed five Canaanite kings during the conquest; located near Bethhoron and Libnah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
ma-ke'-da (maqqedhah; Makeda): A Canaanite royal city which Joshua captured, utterly destroying the inhabitants, and doing to the king as he had done unto the king of Jericho (Jos 10:28; 12:16). It lay in the Shephelah of Judah (Jos 15:41). It was brought into prominence by the flight thither of the 5 kings of the Amorites who, having united their forces for the destruction of Gibeon, were themselves defeated and pursued by Joshua (chapter 10). Seeing their danger, the men of Gibeon sent to the camp at Gilgal beseeching Joshua to save and help them. That energetic commander marched all night with his full strength, fell upon the allies at Gibeon, slew them with a great slaughter, chased the fugitives down the valley by way of Beth-horon, and smote them unto Azekah and unto…
Makkedah
Herdsman’s place, one of the royal cities of the Canaanites (Josh. 12:16), near which was a cave where the five kings who had confederated against Israel sought refuge (10:10-29). They were put to death by Joshua, who afterwards suspended their bodies upon five trees. It has been identified with the modern village called Sumeil, standing on a low hill about 7 miles to the north-west of Eleutheropolis (Beit Jibrin), where are ancient remains and a great cave. The Palestine Exploration surveyors have, however, identified it with el-Mughar, or “the caves,” 3 miles from Jabneh and 2 1/2 southwest of Ekron, because, they say, “at this site only of all possible sites for Makkedah in the Palestine plain do caves still exist.” (See ADONI-ZEDEC.)
(place of shepherds), a place memorable in the annals of the conquest of Canaan as the scene of the execution by Joshua of the five confederate kings, (Joshua 10:10-50) who had hidden themselves in a cave at this place. (It was a royal city of the Canaanites, in the plains of Judah. Conder identifies it with the modern el-Moghar , 25 miles northwest of Jerusalem, where are two caves large enough to contain five men each. Schaff says that "one cave has, curiously enough, five loculi rudely scooped in its side, and an enthusiast might contend that this was the very place of sepulchre of the five kings."-ED.)
A chief city of the Canaanites, near which five confederate kings were defeated, taken in the cave to which they had fled, and executed. It lay in the vicinity of Libnah, Azekah, and Lachish, southwest of Jerusalem, in the tribe of Judah, Jos 10:10-28; 12:16; 15:41.
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
The Hebrew word שֵׁשׁ, transliterated as shesh, means 'six' and can function as both a cardinal and ordinal number, indicating the sixth position. It is a primitive number that signifies an excess beyond five, as noted in the entries. The Aramaic equivalent is שֵׁת (shet).
שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה 216 n.m. et f. six
base
H8337 שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה six
8337 shesh shaysh
masculine shishshah {shish-shaw'}; a primitive number; six
(as an overplus (see 7797) beyond five or the fingers of the
hand); as ord. sixth:--six((-teen, -teenth)), sixth.
see HEBREW for 07797
שֵׁשׁ (shesh) — six.
1) six
1a) six (cardinal number)
1b) sixth (ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
Aramaic equivalent: shet (שֵׁת "six" H8353)
Adj — AdjHAcbsa
עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.
עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
base
H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
6240 `asar aw-sawr'
for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also
(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,
six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +
twelve(-th).
see HEBREW for 06235
עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.
1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
HAcbsa — HAcbsa
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Conj | N-cp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3fp