Joshua 19:45 — Word Study
WLCוִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־ בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־ רִמּֽוֹן׃
BSAJehudYᵉhud△ [a town in Palestine] Bene-berakBᵉnêy-Bᵉraq [sons of lightning] Gath-rimmonGath-Rimmôwn [winepress of the pomegranate]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וִיהֻ֥ד | and Jehud | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּבְנֵֽי־ | and Bene | Conjunction, noun proper |
| בְרַ֖ק | Berak | Noun proper |
| וְגַת־ | and Gath | Conjunction, noun proper |
| רִמּֽוֹן׃ | Rimmon | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon, |
| KJV | And Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, |
| ASV | and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, |
| YLT | and Jehud, and Bene-Barak, and Gath-Rimmon, |
| WEB | Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon, |
| BBE | And Jehud and Bene-berak and Gath-rimmon; |
The translations agree on the names of the towns listed.
The verse consists of a single main clause listing the towns in a straightforward manner.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 5 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 19:45
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Cities of Dangenerated
Joshua 19:45 lists the towns belonging to the tribe of Dan, which were part of the land allocated to them. This verse highlights the geographical distribution of cities, showing the locations that were significant to the tribe's identity and heritage.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 21:24 | Aijalon, and Gath-rimmon—four cities, together with their pasturelands. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְהוּד, vi.Hudgenerated
The word יְהוּד (Jehud) is a proper noun referring to a town in the territory of Dan. It is mentioned in the context of the cities allocated to the tribe, indicating its importance in the region. The parsing as a noun proper shows it is a specific location, not just any place.
The name is associated with beauty, which is reflected in its description as a notable town in Palestine. The mention of Jehud in this verse emphasizes its role within the tribal allotments.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the names of the towns listed: Jehud, Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of a simple list of nouns connected by conjunctions, with the finite verb implied in the context. The structure is straightforward, reflecting the enumeration of cities: יְהוּד, בְּנֵי־בְרַק, גַּת־רִמּוֹן.
The noun phrases are presented in a linear fashion, emphasizing the specific towns without additional modifiers or elaboration.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יְהוּד as αζωρ, which does not directly correspond to the Hebrew but indicates a different naming convention. This choice may reflect a broader understanding of the region or a different tradition in naming.
The other towns are similarly rendered, but the differences in naming highlight the variations in the Greek translation process.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 19:45 lists the towns of Jehud, Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, which were part of the territory given to the tribe of Dan. These towns are significant locations in the region of Dan, reflecting the geographical and cultural heritage of the tribe.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jehud is a town in Palestine, noted for its beauty and significance in the territory of Dan.
Bene-berak means 'sons of lightning' and refers to a city in the same region.
Gath-rimmon means 'winepress of the pomegranate' and was a town where Levites lived.
These towns were part of the land allocated to the tribe of Dan, highlighting their cultural and geographical importance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do these towns have in the context of the tribe of Dan?
- How do the names of these towns reflect the characteristics of their locations?
- In what ways do these towns contribute to our understanding of ancient Israelite society?
- What can we learn from the geographical distribution of towns in the tribal allotments?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 19:45 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Jehud,.... Of Jehud no mention is made elsewhere; and Beneberak signifies sons of lightning; see Mr 3:17.
Read John Gill on Joshua 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gathrimmon, Jehud , [Septuagint, Azoor] - perhaps represented by an inhabited village called el-Yehudiyeh, in the district of Ludd (Robinson's 'Biblical Researches,' 3:, p. 45).
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(41-46) All the towns mentioned here are identified by Conder. Zorah—Sur’ahEshtaol—Eshû’aIr-shemesh—Ain Sheme Shaalabbin—SelbîtAjalon—YâloJethlah—(Ruin) Beit TulAre all in sheet 17Elon—Beit ElloThimnathah—(Ruin) TibnehSheet 14Ekron-(akir, sheet 16)13For Gath-rimmon, Conder suggests Gath; but this he identifies with Tell-es-Safi, which is well within the territory of Judah (to the south of sheet 16). Me-jarkon, “the yellow water,” is thought to be the river ’Aujeh (sheet 13), and Rakkon, Tell-er-Rakkeit, to the north of the mouth of it. Japho is Jaffa, on the same sheet.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 19 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 45. Jehud, and Bene-berak] Or Jehud of the children of Berak.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges45. Jehud] may, it is thought, be still traced in the village of El-Yehudiyeh in the district of Lydda. Robinson’s Bib. Res. iii. 45. Bene-berak has not been identified; Gath-rimmon we find (ch. Joshua 21:24) given to the Levites, but the site is unknown.
Read Cambridge on Joshua 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleDAN’S LOT, Joshua 19:40-48.[The territory assigned to Dan was the smallest of all the tribe divisions. But it was not without advantages.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon,
Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon,
Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon,
Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon,
Tyndale line
And Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,
and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,
and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon;
And Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,
And Iehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon,
Strictly literal
and Jehud, and Beneberak, and Gath-Rimmon,
and Jehud, and Bene-Barak, and Gath-Rimmon,
and Jehud, and Bene-Barak, and Gath-Rimmon,
And Yehud, and Bene-berak, and Gathrimmon.
Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon,
From the Latin
And Jud and Bane and Barach and Gethremmon:
Simplified
Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon,
And Jehud and Bene-berak and Gath-rimmon;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the towns as וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־ בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־ רִמּֽוֹן׃, while the Septuagint matches three of the five words. This shows a degree of agreement between the two texts, though the Septuagint's word order and naming conventions differ.
וִיהֻ֥ד וּבְנֵֽי־ בְרַ֖ק וְגַת־ רִמּֽוֹן׃
3 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 19:45
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יְהֻד (Yhud) refers to a location called Jehud, which is noted as a town in the territory of Dan, mentioned in Joshua 19:45. The name is associated with the meaning 'beauty.' It is a shorter form of a related term found in Strong's entry H3061.
יְהֻד n.pr.loc. in Dan, Jos 19:45
ref
H3055 יְהֻד
3055 Yhud yeh-hood'
a briefer form of one corresponding to 3061; Jehud, a place
in Palestine:--Jehud.
see HEBREW for 03061
יְהֻד (ye.hud) — Jehud.
§ Jehud = "beauty"
a town in Dan, located between Baalath and Bene-berak and 8 miles east of Joppa
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
je'-hud (yehudh): A town in the lot of Da named between Baalath and Bene-berak (Jos 19:45). The only possible identification seems to be with el-Yehudiyeh, which lies about 8 miles East of Jaffa.
(praised), one of the towns of the tribe of Dan, (Joshua 19:45) named between Baalath and Bene-berak.
Jehudi, praising; conferring
→ A city of the tribe of Dan Jos 19:45
בְּנֵי־בְרַק n.pr.loc. city of Dan Jos 19:45
ref
H1139 בְּנֵי־בְרַק
1139 Bney-Braq ben-ay'-ber-ak'
from the plural construction of 1121 and 1300; sons of
lightning, Bene-berak, a place in Palestine:--Bene-barak.
see HEBREW for 01121
see HEBREW for 01300
בְּנֵי־בְרַק (be.ne-b.raq) — Bene-berak.
§ Bene-barak = "sons of lightning"
a city in Dan
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
בְּנֵי־בְרַק n.pr.loc. city of Dan Jos 19:45
ref
H1139 בְּנֵי־בְרַק
1139 Bney-Braq ben-ay'-ber-ak'
from the plural construction of 1121 and 1300; sons of
lightning, Bene-berak, a place in Palestine:--Bene-barak.
see HEBREW for 01121
see HEBREW for 01300
בְּנֵי־בְרַק (be.ne-b.raq) — Bene-berak.
§ Bene-barak = "sons of lightning"
a city in Dan
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (Gath-Rimmon) means "winepress of the pomegranate" and refers to a city in ancient Palestine. It was assigned to the Levites and is mentioned in the context of both the tribe of Dan and the half tribe of Manasseh. The name is derived from Hebrew roots meaning 'winepress' and 'pomegranate'.
גַּת־רִמּוֹן n.pr.loc. in Dan; Levitical city
base
H1667 גַּת־רִמּוֹן
1667 Gath-Rimmown gath-rim-mone'
from 1660 and 7416; wine-press of (the) pomegranate;
Gath-Rimmon, a place in Palestine:--Gath-rimmon.
see HEBREW for 01660
see HEBREW for 07416
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (gat-rim.mon) — Gath-rimmon.
§ Gath-rimmon = "winepress of the pomegranate"
a city given out of the tribe of Dan to the Levites, situated on the plain of Philistia, apparently not far from Joppa
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (gat-rim.mon) — Gath-rimmon.
Gath-rimmon = "winepress of the pomegranate"
a town of the half tribe of Manasseh located on the west side of the Jordan, assigned to the Levites
Another name of yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
gath (gath; Septuagint Geth, "winepress"):
One of the five chief cities of the Philistines (Jos 13:3; 1Sa 6:17). It was a walled town (2Ch 26:6) and was not taken by Joshua, and, although many conflicts took place between the Israelites and its people, it does not seem to have been captured until the time of David (1Ch 18:1). It was rendered famous as the abode of the giant Goliath whom David slew (1Sa 17:4), and other giants of the same race (2Sa 21:18-22). It was to Gath that the Ashdodites conveyed the ark when smitten with the plague, and Gath was also smitten (
Gath
A wine-vat, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3) on which the ark brought calamity (1 Sam. 5:8, 9; 6:17). It was famous also as being the birthplace or residence of Goliath (1 Sam. 17:4). David fled from Saul to Achish, king of Gath (1 Sam. 21:10; 27:2-4; Ps. 56), and his connection with it will account for the words in 2 Sam. 1:20. It was afterwards conquered by David (2 Sam. 8:1). It occupied a strong position on the borders of Judah and Philistia (1 Sam. 21:10;
(a wine press), one of the five royal cities of the Philistines; (Joshua 13:3; 1 Samuel 6:17) and the native place of the giant Goliath. (1 Samuel 17:4,23) It probably stood upon the conspicuous hill now called Tell-es-Safieh , upon the side of the plain of Philistia, at the foot of the mountains of Judah; 10 miles east of Ashdod, and about the same distance south by east of Ekron. It is irregular in form, and about 200 feet high. Gath occupied a strong position, (2 Chronicles 11:8) on the border of Judah and Philistia, (1 Samuel 21:10; 1 Chronicles 18:1) and from its…
A city of the Philistines, and one of their five principalities, 1Sa 5:8 6:17. It was a notable city, in the border of the Philistines nearest to Jerusalem; but its site has long been lost. It was the home of Goliath, 1Sa 17:4. Compare Jos 11:22 2Sa 21:19-22. Here David sought a refuge form Saul, 1Sa 21:10 27:2-7. It came under his power in the beginning of his reign over all Israel, 1Ch 18:1, and continued subject to his successors till the declension of the kingdom of Judah. Rehoboam rebuilt or fortified it, 2Ch…
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (Gath-Rimmon) means "winepress of the pomegranate" and refers to a city in ancient Palestine. It was assigned to the Levites and is mentioned in the context of both the tribe of Dan and the half tribe of Manasseh. The name is derived from Hebrew roots meaning 'winepress' and 'pomegranate'.
גַּת־רִמּוֹן n.pr.loc. in Dan; Levitical city
base
H1667 גַּת־רִמּוֹן
1667 Gath-Rimmown gath-rim-mone'
from 1660 and 7416; wine-press of (the) pomegranate;
Gath-Rimmon, a place in Palestine:--Gath-rimmon.
see HEBREW for 01660
see HEBREW for 07416
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (gat-rim.mon) — Gath-rimmon.
§ Gath-rimmon = "winepress of the pomegranate"
a city given out of the tribe of Dan to the Levites, situated on the plain of Philistia, apparently not far from Joppa
גַּת־רִמּוֹן (gat-rim.mon) — Gath-rimmon.
Gath-rimmon = "winepress of the pomegranate"
a town of the half tribe of Manasseh located on the west side of the Jordan, assigned to the Levites
Another name of yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
Rimmon
Pomegranate. (1.) A man of Beeroth (2 Sam. 4:2), one of the four Gibeonite cities. (See Josh. 9:17.)
(2.) A Syrian idol, mentioned only in 2 Kings 5:18.
(3.) One of the “uttermost cities” of Judah, afterwards given to Simeon (Josh. 15:21, 32; 19:7; 1 Chr. 4:32). In Josh. 15:32 Ain and Rimmon are mentioned separately, but in 19:7 and 1 Chr. 4:32 (comp. Neh. 11:29) the two words are probably to be combined, as forming together the name of one place…
a deity worshipped by the Syrians of Damascus, where there was a temple or house of Rimmon. (2 Kings 5:18) Rimmon is perhaps the abbreviated form of Hadad-rimmon, Hadad being the sun-god of the Syrians. Combining this with the pomegranate which was his symbol, Hadad-rimmon would then he the sun-god of the late summer, who ripens the pomegranate and other fruits.
exalted; pomegranate